The Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Fruit Mesocarp Is Mainly Controlled by OeFAD2-2 and OeFAD2-5 Genes Together With the Different Specificity of Extraplastidial Acyltransferase Enzymes

Fatty acid composition of olive oil has an important effect on the oil quality to such an extent that oils with a high oleic and low linoleic acid contents are preferable from a nutritional and technological point of view. In the present work, we have first studied the diversity of the fatty acid composition in a set of eighty-nine olive cultivars from the Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA Cordoba (WOGBC-IFAPA), and in a core collection (Core-36), which includes 28 olive cultivars from the previously mentioned set. Our results indicate that oleic and linoleic acid contents displayed the highest degree of variability of the different fatty acids present in the olive oil of the 89 cultivars under study. In addition, the independent study of the Core-36 revealed two olive cultivars, Klon-14 and Abou Kanani, with extremely low and high linoleic acid contents, respectively. Subsequently, these two cultivars were used to investigate the specific contribution of different fatty acid desaturases to the linoleic acid content of mesocarp tissue during olive fruit development and ripening. Fatty acid desaturase gene expression levels, together with lipid analysis, suggest that not only OeFAD2-2 and OeFAD2-5 but also the different specificities of extraplastidial acyltransferase enzymes are responsible for the variability of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio in olive cultivars. All this information allows for an advancement in the knowledge of the linoleic acid biosynthesis in different olive cultivars, which can impact olive breeding programs to improve olive oil quality.

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FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0710062 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 62-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Knut Kirkeby

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽

High Linoleic Acid ◽

Absolute Concentrations

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides of the serum has been studied in groups of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid women and also in control material matched for age. In hyperthyroidism, a decrease in the proportions of linoleic acid and an increase in the proportions of some saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were observed. When absolute concentrations were considered, it appeared that the decrease in linoleic acid was almost equivalent to the entire decrease in total fatty acids in the serum of the hyperthyroid patients. In hypothyroidism no changes were noted in the proportions of linoleic, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and the absolute concentrations reflected the general increase in serum lipids. It is believed that these findings may be explained by the changes in lipid turnover which are known to occur in disturbances of thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, they lead to a linoleic acid deficiency, while a sparing effect must be operating in hypothyroidism. The finding of relatively high linoleic acid values combined with hyperlipaemia in hypothyroidism seems to be characteristic of the condition, since other types of hyperlipaemia are almost invariably combined with low percentages of linoleic acid. Results regarding arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid are consistent with increased synthesis in hyperthyroidism, and decreased synthesis in hypothyroidism.

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Evidence that adverse effects of zinc deficiency on essential fatty acid composition in rats are independent of food intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19880034 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Stephen C. Cunnane

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Essential Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Young Male ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Acid Ratio

1. Young male rats were fed on diets containing 3·4, 36 or 411 mg zinc/kg for 10 weeks in order to determine whether effects of Zn deficiency on plasma and liver essential fatty acid composition could be distinguished from those of reduced protein and energy intake.2. Fatty acid analysis revealed that a Zn intake of 3·4 mg/kg (plasma Zn 0·80 v. 1·97 mmol/l in controls fed on 36 mg Zn/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in both plasma and liver phospholipids in comparison with rats fed on 36 or 411 mg Zn/kg.3. Zn supplementation (411 mg/kg) decreased the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in plasma phosphatidylserine compared with that of the controls.4. The previously reported increase in arachidonic acid (mol %) in liver triacylglycerol of Zn-deficient rats was shown to be a function of a reduced liver triacylglycerol pool size; quantitatively, triacylglycerol content of arachidonic acid in the liver was not significantly affected by Zn intake.

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Effects of a high linoleic acid diet on the fatty acid composition of leucocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0180911 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 911-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. GORDON BELL ◽

ROBERT S. RAYNARD

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

High Linoleic Acid ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Acid Diet ◽

Linoleic Acid Diet

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Maternal High Linoleic Acid Alters Placental Fatty Acid Composition

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nirajan Shrestha ◽

Olivia J. Holland ◽

Nykola L. Kent ◽

Anthony V. Perkins ◽

Andrew J. McAinch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Fatty Acid Transport ◽

Total N ◽

Female Fetus ◽

High Linoleic Acid ◽

Glucose Transporter 1

Fetal development is modulated by maternal nutrition during pregnancy. The dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), an essential dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has increased. We previously published that increased LA consumption during pregnancy does not alter offspring or placental weight but fetal plasma fatty acid composition; the developing fetus obtains their required PUFA from the maternal circulation. However, it is unknown if increased maternal linoleic acid alters placental fatty acid storage, metabolism, transport, and general placental function. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either a low LA diet (LLA; 1.44% of energy from LA) or high LA diet (HLA; 6.21% of energy from LA) for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation. Rats were sacrificed at embryonic day 20 (E20, term = 22 days) and placentae collected. The labyrinth of placentae from one male and one female fetus from each litter were analyzed. High maternal LA consumption increased placental total n-6 and LA concentrations, and decreased total n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Fatty acid desaturase 1 (Fads1), angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), and diacylglycerol lipase beta (Daglb) mRNA were downregulated in placentae from offspring from HLA dams. Maternal high LA downregulated the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp4) and glucose transporter 1 (Slc2a1) mRNA in placentae. IL-7 and IL-10 protein were decreased in placentae from offspring from HLA dams. In conclusion, a high maternal LA diet alters the placental fatty acid composition, inflammatory proteins, and expressions of nutrient transporters, which may program deleterious outcomes in offspring.

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Variation in oil quality and fatty acid composition in Australian olive oil

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04045 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. J. Mailer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Olive Oils ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Wide Range

There is little information on the fatty acid composition or other quality aspects of Australian olive oil. In future years, it is predicted that domestic supply will outstrip demand. The industry is therefore focussed on export quality oil that meets international standards. Australia has a very variable environment that has been shown to contribute to a wide range in oil quality, both chemically and organoleptically. This paper summarises the results of the chemical analyses of 822 Australian olive oils carried out at the Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute over 2002 and 2003. The analyses are compared with IOOC standards for extra virgin olive oil and show that Australia olive oils are generally within these standards. Peroxide values were between 1.9 and 27.2 meq/kg oil with only 10 exceeding 20 meq/kg. Free fatty acids were between 0.05 and 2.16 although they were generally less than the accepted limit of 0.8% with only 28 exceeding that level. Polyphenol content (38–1352 g/kg) and induction time (1.4–23.6 h) showed wide variation although these have no IOOC recommended standard. The fatty acid profiles also showed a considerable range with palmitic acid (saturated) levels from 7.8 to 18.9% and oleic acid (monounsaturated) from 58.5 to 83.2%. Linoleic acid ranged from 2.8 to 21.1%. Of particular concern was the range for linolenic acid from 0.42 to 1.91%. For this component, 29 oils exceeded the maximum linolenic acid level of ≤1.0% recommended by the IOOC. This data provides evidence of the variation in oil quality and fatty acid profiles resulting from Australia’s diverse environments and cultivars.

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FEATURES OF THE OIL-BEARING-CROP (CHARTHAMUS) CULTIVATION UNDER THE CONTRASTIVE EDAPHIC-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/2/31-37 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

S. К. Temirbekova ◽

Yu. V. Afanaseva ◽

I. M. Kulikov ◽

G. V. Metlina ◽

S. A. Vasilchenko

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Oil Content ◽

Moscow Region ◽

Average Weight ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Rostov Region

The results of long-term studies of the biological, morphological and phenological features of the introduced new culture of safflower in the Central, Volga and North Caucasus regions are presented. Optimum parameters of depth of seeding (5-6 cm), seeding rates (300-350 thousand pieces/hectare or 12-14 kg), ensuring high productivity, oil content and quality of seeds are established. For the first time, the relationship between moisture availability of vegetation periods with accumulation of oil content and a change in the fatty acid composition was established. Oilseed (in untreated seeds) in the regions was from 14,5 to 31,2%, in excessively wet 2013 – 6,4% in the Moscow region and 8,6% in the Saratov region. Fatty acid composition revealed a high content of oleic acid in Krasa Stupinskaya variety – 13,6-16,8%, linoleic acid – 68,5-75,7%. The yield of oil in the Moscow region was 240 kg/ha. The yield of Krasa Stupinskaya in the Moscow Region was 0,6 t/ha, the Rostov Region 0,8 t/ha and Saratov Region 1,2 t/ha, with an average weight of 1000 seeds, respectively, by regions: 40,0 g, 47,3 g and 40,9 g. The growing season for growing seeds was 105 days in the Moscow Region, 94 days in the Rostov Region and 95 days in the Saratov Region. It has been established that excessive moistening during the flowering and seed filling period increases the harmfulness of enzyme-mycosis seed depletion (EMIS) – biological injury during maturation (enzymatic stage), followed by the seeding of the seeds with the phytopathogen Alternaria carthami Chowdhury. In the breeding programs for productivity and oil content, it is recommended to use the varieties Moldir (Kazakhstan) and Krasa Stupinskaya (FGBNU VSTISP), the fatty acid composition of which is characterized by an increased content of oleic and linoleic acid, which is of particular value for storage and use for food purposes.

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