scholarly journals Phenotyping Flowering in Canola (Brassica napus L.) and Estimating Seed Yield Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti Zhang ◽  
Sally Vail ◽  
Hema S. N. Duddu ◽  
Isobel A. P. Parkin ◽  
Xulin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Flowering Intensity ◽  
Over Time

Phenotyping crop performance is critical for line selection and variety development in plant breeding. Canola (Brassica napus L.) flowers, the bright yellow flowers, indeterminately increase over a protracted period. Flower production of canola plays an important role in yield determination. Yellowness of canola petals may be a critical reflectance signal and a good predictor of pod number and, therefore, seed yield. However, quantifying flowering based on traditional visual scales is subjective, time-consuming, and labor-consuming. Recent developments in phenotyping technologies using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) make it possible to effectively capture crop information and to predict crop yield via imagery. Our objectives were to investigate the application of vegetation indices in estimating canola flower numbers and to develop a descriptive model of canola seed yield. Fifty-six diverse Brassica genotypes, including 53 B. napus lines, two Brassica carinata lines, and a Brassica juncea variety, were grown near Saskatoon, SK, Canada from 2016 to 2018 and near Melfort and Scott, SK, Canada in 2017. Aerial imagery with geometric and radiometric corrections was collected through the flowering stage using a UAV mounted with a multispectral camera. We found that the normalized difference yellowness index (NDYI) was a useful vegetation index for representing canola yellowness, which is related to canola flowering intensity during the full flowering stage. However, the flowering pixel number estimated by the thresholding method improved the ability of NDYI to detect yellow flowers with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.54 to 0.95. Moreover, compared with using a single image date, the NDYI-based flowering pixel numbers integrated over time covers more growth information and can be a good predictor of pod number and thus, canola yield with R2 up to 0.42. These results indicate that NDYI-based flowering pixel numbers can perform well in estimating flowering intensity. Integrated flowering intensity extracted from imagery over time can be a potential phenotype associated with canola seed yield.

Alternative seeding dates (fall and April) affect Brassica napus canola yield and quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken J. Kirkland ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Brassica napus L. canola production on the Canadian prairies often is limited by hot, dry growing conditions in early July and a short growing season. Brassica napus canola seeded in the fall just prior to freeze-up or in the early spring as soon as fields are passable may allow canola to avoid these adverse conditions. Our objective was to determine if late October (fall), or mid- to late April (April) seeding dates improve canola yield and quality relative to a mid-May (15 to 20 May) seeding date. Plant density and height, phenological development, seed yield, seed weight and seed oil content were assessed in plots sown to herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola at three seeding dates on five fallow sites and three stubble sites at Scott, SK, from 1994 to 1998. A thinner plant stand occurred for the fall compared with spring seeding dates; however, this difference rarely corresponded with less canola yield. Fifty percent flowering occurred 20 d earlier (June rather than July), reproductive growth (50% flowering to maturity) was 10 d longer, plants were 23 (fall) or 8 (April) cm shorter, and maturity occurred 13 d earlier when canola was seeded in the fall and April compared with mid-May seeding. Canola seed yield was 38% greater when seeded on the alternative dates rather than the more traditional mid-May seeding date. The yield advantage for alternative seeding dates was greater and more consistent on stubble than on fallow likely because of lack of soil crusting and temperature and wind protection from stubble. The response of seed weight to seeding date was similar to that for seed yield, indicating that a portion of the positive yield response to alternative seeding dates was associated with larger seed size. Oil content also was greater for the fall and April compared with mid-May seeding dates, but the improvement was smaller (6%) than that for seed yield. Fall- and April-seed-ed canola tolerated spring frosts and avoided adversely hot, dry weather during the flowering period, thus improving canola seed yield and quality. Alternative seeding dates provide canola producers in semi-arid regions with a sustainable option to diversify their cropping systems. Key words: Seeding date, dormant, stubble, fallow, herbicide tolerant, alternative cropping practice

Paclobutrazol increases canola seed yield by enhancing lodging and pod shatter resistance in Brassica napus L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Kuai ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qingsong Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pod Shatter

Influence of source, timing and placement of nitrogen fertilization on seed yield and nitrogen accumulation in the seed of canola under reduced- and conventional-tillage management

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
K. R. Brown ◽  
G. J. Racz ◽  
L. D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
N Management ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies over 4 yr at two locations in southwestern Manitoba investigated the effect of N source, timing and method of placement on seed yield and N accumulation in the seed of canola (Brassica napus L. “Legend”) under reduced tillage (RT) or conventional-tillage (CT) management. The effect of N management on seed yield and N accumulation in the seed differed with soil type and tillage. Seed yields were frequently lower on the clay loam (CL) soil with fall-applied rather than spring-applied urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), possibly due to losses through immobilization, denitrification and leaching. On the drier fine sandy loam soil (FSL), seed yield and N accumulation in the seed were generally similar with fall and spring N application, possibly because N supply was not as limiting as on the CL soil. Fall-applied anhydrous ammonia tended to produce higher canola seed yields than either fall-applied urea or UAN. Differences among fertilizer sources and between tillage systems were much less frequent with spring than fall N applications. However, under RT spring-banded anhydrous ammonia tended to produce higher canola seed yield than urea or UAN. Canola seed yield was lower with surface applications of N than with in-soil applications more frequently under RT than CT, presumably because surface residue under RT enhanced volatilization and immobilization losses. As differences in seed yield tended to be greater and more frequent under RT than CT, effective N management could provide a greater advantage under RT than CT. Key words: Conservation tillage, direct seeding, nitrogen fertilizer management, Brassica napus

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Supply on the Leaf Photosynthesis, and Biomass and Phosphorus Accumulation and Partitioning of Canola (Brassica napus L.) in Saline Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Long Wang ◽  
Jingdong Zheng ◽  
Jingjing You ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Chen Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
P Supply

Salt stress is a major negative factor affecting the sustainable development of agriculture. Phosphorus (P) deficiency often occurs in saline soil, and their interaction inhibits plant growth and seed yield for canola (Brassica napus L.). P supply is considered an effective way to alleviate the damage of salt stress. However, the knowledge of how P supply can promote plant growth in saline environment was limited. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of P rate on accumulation, and partitioning, of biomass and P, leaf photosynthesis traits, and yield performance in saline soil in the coastal area of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China, during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons. P supply increased biomass and P accumulation in all organs, and root had the most increments among different organs. At flowering stage, P supply increased the biomass and P partitioning in root and leaf, but it decreased the partitioning in stem. At maturity stage, P supply facilitated the biomass and P partitioning in seed, but it decreased the partitioning in stem and shell, and it increased the reproductive-vegetative ratio, suggesting that P supply can improve the nutrients transporting from vegetative organs to reproductive organs. Besides, P supply improved the leaf area index and photosynthetic rate at the flowering stage. As a result, the seed yield and oil yield were increased. In conclusion, P supply can improve the canola plant growth and seed yield in a saline environment. P fertilizer at the rate of 120 kg P2O5 ha−1 was recommended in this saline soil.

scholarly journals Silicon Promotes Agronomic Performance in Brassica napus Cultivated under Field Conditions with Two Nitrogen Fertilizer Inputs

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Laîné ◽  
Cylia Haddad ◽  
Mustapha Arkoun ◽  
Jean-Claude Yvin ◽  
Philippe Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
N Input ◽  
Si Supply

To limit the environmental pollution associated with intensive nitrogen (N) fertilizer usage, alternative cultural practices must be considered for crops requiring high N inputs such as rapeseed. In this context, the effects of silicon (Si) supply on the agronomic performance of rapeseed cultivated under field conditions with two N fertilizer levels (60 and 160 kg ha−1) were studied. Results showed that Si supplied in the form of silicic acid (12 kg ha−1) has no effect on the agronomic performance of plants cultivated with the lower N input. In contrast, in plants fertilized with 160 kg N ha−1, Si supply promotes the preservation of green leaves (until the flowering stage) and at harvest stage, increases biomass, yield, and seed micronutrient concentrations (especially cobalt and iron). The agronomic indexes show that the increase in seed yield is related to a better uptake of N from the soil by Si-treated plants, but is not an improvement in N mobilization towards the seeds. This study showed that Si supply combined with high N inputs (160 kg ha−1) improves usage of N fertilizer and yield. The possibility that a Si supply could allow for a reduction in N input without altering the yield of rapeseed is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of intensity of agronomic practices on the yield of two breeding types of winter oilseed rape cultivars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Wójtowicz ◽  
Andrzej Wójtowicz ◽  
Ewa Jajor ◽  
Marek Korbas ◽  
Franciszek Wielebski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Full Flowering

AbstractThe effect of three fungicide treatment programmes and the level of spring nitrogen fertilisation on the seed yield of two types of cultivars of Brassica napus L. sown at two different seeding rates was studied in a field experiment carried out in a split-split-plot design. The subject of the study was an open-pollinated cultivar (Casoar) and a restored hybrid cultivar (Visby). Three plant protection programmes, two levels of spring nitrogen fertilisation (160 and 220 kg N·ha-1), and two different seeding rates for each cultivar (Visby—50 and 70 seeds·m-2; Casoar—60 and 80 seeds·m-2) were included. The most intensive protection programme comprised three fungicide treatments: first in autumn at the six-leaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16, second in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33, and third at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. One of two less intensive programmes of plant protection included fungicide application in autumn at the six-leaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65, while the second included fungicide application in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65.The effectiveness of the protection programmes and nitrogen fertilisation was influenced by the intensity of abiotic stress factors. However, the average yield from the plots protected against pathogens was significantly higher than that from the untreated plots. The increase of nitrogen fertilisation from 160 to 220 kg·ha-1 also caused significant increase of average seed yield. The yield of cultivar Visby was higher and less dependent on the seeding rate compared to cultivar Casoar. Cultivars responded similarly to plant protection programmes and the rate of nitrogen fertilisation in spring. Higher yields of Visby cultivar can be attributed to the higher number of seeds per silique and the higher number of siliques per m2.

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for Seed Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Brassica Napus Grown with Contrasting Nitrogen Supplies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoyan Zou ◽  
Taoxiong Shi ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guangda Ding ◽  
Fangsen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetic Mechanism ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
The World ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Pod Number

Abstract Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.; B. napus) is the main oil crop in China as well as in the world. Nitrogen (N) deficiency significantly reduces the seed yield of B. napus. However, a very few studies involved in the genetic mechanism of seed yield (SY) and SY-related traits of B. napus in response to N deficiency. In this study, plant height (PH), branch number (BN), pod number (PN), seed number (SN), 1000-seed weight (SW) and SY were investigated using a B. napus double haploid (BnaTNDH) population derived from a cross between cultivars ‘Tapidor’ and ‘Ningyou7’ grown at an optimal (ON) and a low N (LN) supplies in three-year field trials. Great variations of SY and related traits were observed in BnaTNDH population under contrasting N supplies. A total of 106 and 110 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for six traits at ON and LN in three field trials, respectively. All of these significant QTLs for the same trait were integrated into 191 consensus QTLs. Nine and eleven consensus QTLs at ON and LN were detected in two or three trials, respectively, and the remaining were environment-specific. One hundred and three unique QTLs were integrated from 191 consensus QTLs, including 29 low N specific QTLs, 35 optimal N specific QTLs and 39 constitutive QTLs. uqA3q was integrated from four consensus QTLs for PN, PH, SN, SY at LN, uqC9f was integrated from consensus QTLs for BN, SY, PN at ON and LN. Both were detected in three trials. This result may help to better understand the genetic mechanism of yield traits in response to low N and promote the breeding of N efficient varieties.

Response of rapeseed (Brassica napus) to phosphorus, boron and lime on an acid soil near Canberra

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Myers ◽  
J Lipsett ◽  
R Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Pod Number

The failure of a rape crop on a light-textured acid soil was investigated by a factorial field experiment with four rates of lime (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg/ha), four rates of phosphorus (0, 13, 28, 42 kg/ha) and, at stem extension, two levels of a boron spray (0, 0.6 kg/ha). The second crop failed in the same way as the first unless phosphorus was applied at sowing; the lowest rate was adequate, and higher rates did not increase the response. On the phosphate-treated plots the boron spray increased seed yield (measured on hand-harvested quadrats) substantially (75%) as the result of a small increase in flower number (32%) and a large increase in pod number (1 16%). Machine-harvested yields on the 'plus boron' plots were reduced by shattering and were 40% higher than controls (P<0.01). There was no response to lime applied one month before sowing and no interaction of lime with boron or phosphorus. The boron response was not lime-induced. The mechanism of the response to phosphorus and the questions raised by the lack of response in yield to lime in relation to aluminium and manganese toxicity were not resolved. The results indicate that phosphorus should receive at least as much attention as lime in the investigation of rape-growing on acid soils. Boron should also be investigated because of its important role in seed set of rape.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Zangani ◽  
Kamran Afsahi ◽  
Farid Shekari ◽  
Eileen Mac Sweeney ◽  
Andrea Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

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