scholarly journals Leaf Structural Traits Vary With Plant Size in Even-Aged Stands of Sapindus mukorossi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunni Chang ◽  
Chaobin Xu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Junxin Zhou ◽  
Weiping Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Structural Traits

Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., an important oleaginous woody plant, has garnered increasing research attention owing to its potential as a source of renewable energy (biodiesel). Leaf structural traits are closely related to plant size, and they affect the fruit yield and oil quality. However, plant size factors that predominantly contribute to leaf structural traits remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the associations between leaf structural traits and plant size factors in even-aged stands of S. mukorossi. Results showed that leaf length (LL) and leaf area (LA) markedly increased with the increasing diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (TH), although other leaf structural traits did not show noticeable changes. Difference in slopes also indicated that the degree of effect of plant size factors on leaf structural traits was in the order of TH > DBH. Leaf structural traits showed no systematic variation with crown width (CW). LA was significantly positively correlated with LL, leaf width (LW), LL/LW, and leaf thickness (LT) and was significantly but negatively correlated with leaf tissue density (LTD) and leaf dry mass content (LDMC). Specific leaf area showed a significantly negative correlation with LT, LDMC, and LTD. LTD showed a significantly positive correlation with LDMC, but a negative correlation with LT. The results were critical to understand the variability of leaf structural traits with plant size, can provide a theoretical foundation for further study in the relationship between leaf structural traits and fruit yield, and regulate leaf traits through artificial management measures to promote plant growth and fruit yield.

scholarly journals Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Peel ◽  
Maria C. Mandujano Sanchez ◽  
Jorge Lopez Portillo ◽  
Jordan Golubov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Low Salinity

In community ecology, the knowledge of abiotic factors, that determine intraspecific variability in ecophysiological and functional traits, is important for addressing major questions, such as plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Mangroves have several mechanisms of resistance to salinity and most species exhibit some xeromorphic features in order to conserve water. Leaf area and stomatal density play an important role in maintaining water balance, and gas exchange is regulated by their aperture and density, two traits that vary intraspecifically in response to environmental conditions, such as water stress and salinity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salinity on stomatal density, leaf area and plant size in R. mangle and we tested for associations among the three variables, across three sites along a natural salinity gradient in the Xel-Há Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We hypothesized that high salinity sites would produce smaller plants, with smaller leaves, and fewer stomata. Three sampling sites with different environmental conditions were chosen and salinities were monitored monthly. A total of 542 plants were tagged and tree heights and diameters were measured for each individual within each of the three sampling sites. Three leaves from 20 trees from each site were measured to determine leaf area. Stomatal densities were determined in each leaf using nail polish casts, examining ten 1 mm squares per leaf under an optical microscope. A principal component analysis was used to assess association between tree height, leaf area, and stomatal density for each plot. The salinity gradient was reflected in plant size, producing smaller plants at the higher salinity site. The largest leaves were found at the low salinity site (51.2 ± 24.99 cm2). Leaf length was not correlated to plant size (LL vs. tree height: r= 0.02, P= 0.8205; LL vs. trunk diameter: r= 0.03, P= 0.7336), so we concluded that leaf length is an environmentally plastic trait of red mangroves that may vary as a function of environmental conditions, such as hydric stress caused by elevated salinity. The larger leaves from the low salinity site had lower densities of stomata (65.0 stomata.mm2 SD= 12.3), and increasing salinities did not decrease stomatal density (intermediate salinity site: 73.4 stomata.mm2 SD= 13.5; high salinity site: 74.8 stomata.mm2 SD= 17.3). Our results confirm that stomatal density is inversely related to leaf area (r= -0.29, P < 0.001), especially leaf width (r= -0.31, P < 0.001), and that salinity may increase stomatal density by causing reduction of leaf size.

scholarly journals Response of Grafted and Non-grafted Melon Plants to High Boron and Salinity Levels

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 873E-873
Author(s):  
Menahem Edelstein* ◽  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
Ron Cohen ◽  
Yosef Burger ◽  
Israela Ravina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
High Boron

Excess of boron and salinity in soil and irrigation water can limit the production of melons (Cucumis melo). A greenhouse study was conducted in order to compare the responses of grafted and non-grafted melon plants to combinations of high levels of boron and salinity. Boron levels were 0.25, 0.8, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg·L-1 and salinity levels were 1.8 and 4.6 dS·m-1. Foliar injury caused by boron was more severe in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants. Likewise, boron accumulation in leaf tissue from non-grafted plants was higher than in grafted plants. High salinity led to decreased boron accumulation in the leaves. Fruit yield was decreased only at a boron concentration of 10 mg·L-1, and the decrease in grafted plants was smaller than that in non-grafted plants. A negative correlation was found between boron accumulation in leaves and fruit yield. The results showed that melon plants grafted on Cucurbita rootstock are more tolerant than non-grafted ones to high boron concentrations, and this can probably be explained by the decrease in boron accumulation caused by the rootstock.

Variability Studies in Morphometric Traits on Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Natural Populations in Himachal Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Devi ◽  
◽  
H.P. Sankhyan ◽  
Sanjeev Thakur ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

Variability studies on Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Populations (Banoak) in Himachal Pradesh was carried out during 2014-16 for selection of best phenotypes. In order to select best sites for improved genetic gain and quality production of Quercus leucotrichophora, eight sites and three D.B.H. classes from Himachal Pradesh were evaluated on the basis of morphometric traits. The study revealed significant variation among different sites for traits viz., tree height, clean bole height, crown width, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width. Whereas, among the different diameter classes all the traits showed significant variation except number of primary branches, leaf area, leaf width. Over all site S8 (Salooni-Chamba) was found to be superior followed by Site S6 (Manikaran-Kullu) for all traits. Diameter class D3 ( > 60 cm) excelled in morphometric traits. Study concluded that superiority of S8 (Salooni) and S6 (Manikaran) populations from large diameter class D3 ( > 60 cm dbh) for obtaining seed /propagules for further testing and obtaining best results.

Dispersal of Goeppertia marantifolia clonal offspring increases with greater canopy openness and larger plant size

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Matlaga ◽  
Rachel K. Snyder ◽  
Carol C. Horvitz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Corcovado National Park ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:Many plants within the neotropical understorey produce both seeds and clonal offspring. Plant attributes (i.e. size) and variability in light can influence seed dispersal but it is not known if these factors influence the dispersal of clonal offspring. Our goal was to determine if canopy openness and plant size influence clonal-offspring dispersal of the herb Goeppertia marantifolia, which produces clonal bulbils on above-ground shoots. We monitored plants in permanent plots with varying levels of canopy openness in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica. We recorded canopy openness, leaf area and the distance clonal offspring travelled from their parent plant (N = 283). Our path analysis model demonstrated that canopy openness had a strong positive effect on dispersal distance, while the association between clonal-offspring dispersal distance and parent plant leaf area was only weakly positive. On average, plants experiencing high canopy openness dispersed their clonal offspring further than plants under low canopy openness (124 cm vs. 79 cm, respectively). Contrary to studies on species that utilize rhizomes and stolons for clonal reproduction, we found that in this bulbil-producing species light availability is positively associated with clonal dispersal distance. Therefore, the influence of resource availability on spatial population dynamics of clonal species may be influenced by the species’ growth-form.

scholarly journals Size-dependent allocation of biomass to ancillary versus flowers of the inflorescences of the epiphyte Tillandsia stricta Soland (Bromeliaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani ◽  
Ricardo Rios Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Size Dependent

The amount of resources invested in reproduction is closely correlated to plant size. However, the increase in reproductive investment is not always proportional to the increase in vegetative growth, as the proportion of plant resources allocated to reproduction can increase, decrease or be maintained along different plant sizes. Although comprising thousand of species, epiphytes are poorly studied in relation to reproductive allocation (RA). We describe the variation in the RA of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia stricta Soland with increasing plant sizes. Our goal is not only to evaluate the RA of the whole inflorescence but also quantify the contribution of ancillary structures in the final RA of this plant species. With increasing sizes of T. stricta the reproductive allocation of biomass to the whole inflorescence decreased significantly along plant sizes from 37% to 12%. Reproductive allocation to ancillary and to flowers decreased respectively from 30% to 9% and 10% to 3%. As leaves are the main source of water and nutrients absorption in atmospheric Tillandsia, the total leaf area and area per leaf were used as indicators of foraging capacity, that also increased with plant size. We discuss these results with respect to the capacity of T. stricta to reproduce in the heterogeneous environment of the canopies.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and mebabolomic profiling: the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb, having medicinal significance as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. Recently, China has initiated to establish cultivation of this plant in greenhouse under artificial light-emitting diodes (LED). However, little is known regarding the effects of the different LED lights on plant growth, accumulation pattern of secondary metabolites, and the molecular mechanism of Sarcandra glabra. Results Compared to white light (WL), the red light (RL) increased the height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area, while blue light (BL) suppressed the height and leaf area. According to our transcriptome profiling, some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We identified 46 unigenes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while the expression level of RNA-seq and qPCR were largely consistent. Meanwhile, we found 53 unigenes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and 53 unigenes encoding bHLH proteins that several of them were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. Based on metabolomic profiling, a total of 454 metabolites were detected and the distribution of chemicals varied significantly. While flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins were mainly located in leaves; Organic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids were much more abundant in WG (root tissue under WL). Meanwhile, the yields of most flavonoids from BY (leaf tissue under BL) and the synthesis of primarily targeted compounds was lower than in WY (leaf tissue under WL) and RY (leaf tissue under RL). Instead, the leaves grown under RL exhibited a greater production of bioactive phytochemicals such as esculetin, fraxetin, esculin, and scopoletin. Conclusion These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of metabolites accumulation patterns in S. glabra under different light conditions, enabling the development of optimum breeding conditions for this plant.

scholarly journals Fertilization during the establishment of a Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation in the northern Brazilian Amazon.

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa ◽  
Hélio Tonini ◽  
Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias ◽  
Bruna De Freitas Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Native Forests

Forestry plantations should be regarded as an alternative sustainable land-use system in degraded savannah areas. They contribute to the maintenance of productive processes in degraded soils that are of economic importance for local inhabitants; in addition, in the ecological sense, timber and non-timber products from planted forests reduce the exploitation pressure on native forests. Eucalyptus plantations on degraded savannahs in the northern Brazilian Amazon may help to reduce exploitation pressure on native forests. However, there is no information regarding the nutrients rates that would allow faster eucalyptus growth in that region. A trial was installed in an Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) soil type adopting a one-half-type fractional factorial design with four ates of N, P, and K. Functions were adjusted for the dependent variables height, diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf tissue nutrient content, and soil-chemical attributes. Interaction N versus K was observed on tree height with a maximum of 7.8 m recorded at 200 kg ha-1 of N and 50 kg ha-1 of K. Phosphorus fertilization promoted greater DBH growth with maximum value at 120 kg ha-1 of P; however, the highest gain was obtained at 30 kg ha-1 of P. The NPK rates that maximized Eucalyptus camaldulensis growth were 200, 30, and 50 kg ha-1, respectively.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Light is one of the most influential factor affecting the growth and quality of herbs. In recent times, the introduction of Light Emission Diode (LED) technology has been widely used for plants in greenhouse. However, the impact of such lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra remain unclear. Results: The red LED light (RL) substantially increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area relative to the white LED light (WL), while the blue LED light (BL) significantly reduced the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs. leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs. leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs. WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs. WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs. WG, and WJ vs. WY, respectively. We identified 46 genes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 genes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 454 metabolites were identified based on metabolomic profiling, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs. RY, WY vs. BY, and WY vs. WG. In BY there was a substantial reduction in the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol decreased significantly. Besides, in WG, the production of metabolites (e.g. chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) declined, while their yields increased significantly (e.g. esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin).Conclusion: These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra under various light conditions, allowing optimum breeding conditions to be developed for this plant.

scholarly journals Relation between leaf area and dimensions of selected medicinal plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Çırak ◽  
M. S Odabaş ◽  
B. Sağlam ◽  
A. K Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Origanum Onites

In this research, leaf area prediction models were developed for some leaf-used medicinal plants namely Calamintha nepeta, Datura stromonium, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Nerium oleander, Origanum onites and Urtica dioica growing wild in Black Sea region of Turkey. Lamina width, length and leaf area were measured non-destructively to develop the models. The actual leaf areas of the plants were measured by PLACOM Digital Planimeter, and multiple regression analysis with Excel 7.0 computer package program was performed for the plants separately. The produced leaf area prediction models in the present study were formulized as LA = (a) + (b<sub>1</sub> &times; L) + [(b<sub>2</sub> &times; (L &times; W)]&nbsp; + (b<sub>3</sub> &times; L<sup>2</sup>) + (b<sub>4</sub> &times; W<sup>2</sup>) + [b<sub>5</sub> &times; (L &times; W<sup>2</sup>)] + [b<sub>6</sub> &times; (L<sup>2</sup> &times; W)] + [b<sub>7</sub> &times; (L<sup>2</sup> &times; W<sup>2</sup>)] where LA&nbsp;is leaf area, W&nbsp;is leaf width, L is leaf length and a, b<sub>1</sub>, b<sub>2</sub>, b<sub>3</sub>, b<sub>4</sub>, b<sub>5</sub>, b<sub>6</sub>, and b<sub>7</sub> are coefficients. R<sup>2</sup> values for medicinal plants tested varied with species from 0.82 in Origanum onites to 0.98 in Urtica dioica. All R&sup2; values and standard errors were found to be significant at the P &lt; 0.001 level.

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