scholarly journals Mapping the Genetic Regions Responsible for Key Phenology-Related Traits in the European Hazelnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Valentini ◽  
Ezio Portis ◽  
Roberto Botta ◽  
Alberto Acquadro ◽  
Vera Pavese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Flowering Control ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Major Qtl

An increasing interest in the cultivation of (European) hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is driving a demand to breed cultivars adapted to non-conventional environments, particularly in the context of incipient climate change. Given that plant phenology is so strongly determined by genotype, a rational approach to support these breeding efforts will be to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the genes underlying the basis for adaptation. The present study was designed to map QTLs for phenology-related traits, such as the timing of both male and female flowering, dichogamy, and the period required for nuts to reach maturity. The analysis took advantage of an existing linkage map developed from a population of F1 progeny bred from the cross “Tonda Gentile delle Langhe” × “Merveille de Bollwiller,” consisting in 11 LG. A total of 42 QTL-harboring regions were identified. Overall, 71 QTLs were detected, 49 on the TGdL map and 22 on the MB map; among these, 21 were classified as major; 13 were detected in at least two of the seasons (stable-major QTL). In detail, 20 QTLs were identified as contributing to the time of male flowering, 15 to time of female flowering, 25 to dichogamy, and 11 to time of nut maturity. LG02 was found to harbor 16 QTLs, while 15 QTLs mapped to LG10 and 14 to LG03. Many of the QTLs were clustered with one another. The major cluster was located on TGdL_02 and consisted of mainly major QTLs governing all the analyzed traits. A search of the key genomic regions revealed 22 candidate genes underlying the set of traits being investigated. Many of them have been described in the literature as involved in processes related to flowering, control of dormancy, budburst, the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth, or the morphogenesis of flowers and seeds.

scholarly journals Flowering phenology of Catopsis compacta (Bromeliaceae), a dioecious epiphyte in an oak forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Jeanett Escobedo-Sarti ◽  
Demetria Mondragón
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Sexual System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
One Year

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Knowledge of the flowering phenology of species with an epiphytic habit and a dioecious sexual system is scarce.</p><p><strong>Questions:</strong> We studied the flowering phenology of a population of the dioecious epiphytic bromeliad, <em>Catopsis</em> <em>compacta</em>, in an oak forest in Oaxaca, Mexico, to answer the following questions: 1) what type of flowering period is exhibited by this population of <em>C. compacta</em>? 2) what is the degree of synchrony between the male and female flowering periods? and 3) what is the flowering synchrony index of the population?</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In February 2006, in a 20 m × 20 m plot, we marked and measured 151 individuals of <em>C. compacta</em> ≥ 10 cm in height (minimum reproductive size). We recorded the number of flowers and fruits present in each individual every month for one year.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Our results showed that the flowering period in both sexes lasted for three months (May–July). Only 23 marked individuals flowered (15.23 %): of these 12 (52.17 %) were female and 11 (47.83 %) were male. The index of synchrony between females and males was 0.958 ± 0.013 and the flowering synchrony index of the population was 0.833 ± 0.189.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The high flowering synchrony between the sexes, together with a flowering season that coincided with the period of highest rainfall when the number of arthropods (potential pollinators) is the highest, could favor breeding and, therefore, reproductive success.</p>

scholarly journals Preferential transposition of Drosophila P elements to nearby chromosomal sites.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tower ◽  
G H Karpen ◽  
N Craig ◽  
A C Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
P Element ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Expected Frequency ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Second Screen ◽  
Marker Gene Expression ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Two different schemes were used to demonstrate that Drosophila P elements preferentially transpose into genomic regions close to their starting sites. A starting element with weak rosy+ marker gene expression was mobilized from its location in the subtelomeric region of the 1,300-kb Dp1187 minichromosome. Among progeny lines with altered rosy+ expression, a much higher than expected frequency contained new insertions on Dp1187. Terminal deficiencies were also recovered frequently. In a second screen, a rosy(+)-marked element causing a lethal mutation of the cactus gene was mobilized in male and female germlines, and viable revertant chromosomes were recovered that still contained a rosy+ gene due to an intrachromosomal transposition. New transpositions recovered using both methods were mapped between 0 and 128 kb from the starting site. Our results suggested that some mechanism elevates the frequency 43-67-fold with which a P element inserts near its starting site. Local transposition is likely to be useful for enhancing the rate of insertional mutation within predetermined regions of the genome.

scholarly journals ImmGen report: sexual dimorphism in the immune system transcriptome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Talia Gal-Oz ◽  
Barbara Maier ◽  
Hideyuki Yoshida ◽  
Kumba Seddu ◽  
Nitzan Elbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Mammalian Immune System

Abstract Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian immune system is manifested as more frequent and severe infectious diseases in males and, on the other hand, higher rates of autoimmune disease in females, yet insights underlying those differences are still lacking. Here we characterize sex differences in the immune system by RNA and ATAC sequence profiling of untreated and interferon-induced immune cell types in male and female mice. We detect very few differentially expressed genes between male and female immune cells except in macrophages from three different tissues. Accordingly, very few genomic regions display differences in accessibility between sexes. Transcriptional sexual dimorphism in macrophages is mediated by genes of innate immune pathways, and increases after interferon stimulation. Thus, the stronger immune response of females may be due to more activated innate immune pathways prior to pathogen invasion.

Impact of Climate Change on Animal Fertility

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-240
Author(s):  
Urfeya Mirza ◽  
Uiase Bin Farooq ◽  
Shahnaz Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

The fertility and reproductive efficiency of both male and female animals is very sensitive to climatic disturbances, particularly hyperthermia. The most evident consequences of heat stress are decreased quantity and quality of sperm production in males and compromised fertility in females. In this chapter, the effects of climate change on male and female reproduction have been separately and thoroughly elaborated. The effect of heat stress on embryo and fetal development has also been described. In the end, various approaches for mitigating the effects of heat stress on animals have been brought to light.

scholarly journals The effect of heat stress on sugar beet recombination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Arrieta ◽  
Glenda Willems ◽  
Jérôme DePessemier ◽  
Isabelle Colas ◽  
Alexandra Burkholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Crossover Frequency ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Meiotic recombination plays a crucial role in plant breeding through the creation of new allelic combinations. Therefore, lack of recombination in some genomic regions constitutes a constraint for breeding programmes. In sugar beet, one of the major crops in Europe, recombination occurs mainly in the distal portions of the chromosomes, and so the development of simple approaches to change this pattern is of considerable interest for future breeding and genetics. In the present study, the effect of heat stress on recombination in sugar beet was studied by treating F1 plants at 28 °C/25 °C (day/night) and genotyping the progeny. F1 plants were reciprocally backcrossed allowing the study of male and female meiosis separately. Genotypic data indicated an overall increase in crossover frequency of approximately one extra crossover per meiosis, with an associated increase in pericentromeric recombination under heat treatment. Our data indicate that the changes were mainly induced by alterations in female meiosis only, showing that heterochiasmy in sugar beet is reduced under heat stress. Overall, despite the associated decrease in fertility, these data support the potential use of heat stress to foster recombination in sugar beet breeding programmes.

Mating system variation among individual ramets in a Douglas-fir seed orchard

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1672-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Erickson ◽  
W. T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
High Degree

Proportions of outcrossed progeny (ti) in five ramets of five clones with variable floral phenology and pollen production were investigated in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard. Estimates of ti[Formula: see text] were significantly heterogeneous among the five ramets, ranging in value from 0.50 to 1.07. Variation in [Formula: see text] corresponded well with variation among ramets in floral biology. Ramets that flowered much earlier than other individuals in the orchard and (or) had a high degree of synchrony in timing of male and female flowering produced the lowest [Formula: see text].

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