scholarly journals Identification of a Wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica 7Ns Ditelosomic Addition Line Conferring Early Maturation by Cytological Analysis and Newly Developed Molecular and FISH Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binwen Tan ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Lingyu Li ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Promising Source

Early maturation is an important objective in wheat breeding programs that could facilitate multiple-cropping systems, decrease disaster- and disease-related losses, ensure stable wheat production, and increase economic benefits. Exploitation of novel germplasm from wild relatives of wheat is an effective means of breeding for early maturity. Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng f. ex P. C. KUO (2n=2x=14, NsNs) is a promising source of useful genes for wheat genetic improvement. In this study, we characterized a novel wheat-P. huashanica line, DT23, derived from distant hybridization between common wheat and P. huashanica. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and sequential genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analyses indicated that DT23 is a stable wheat-P. huashanica ditelosomic addition line. FISH painting and PCR-based landmark unique gene markers analyses further revealed that DT23 is a wheat-P. huashanica 7Ns ditelosomic addition line. Observation of spike differentiation and the growth period revealed that DT23 exhibited earlier maturation than the wheat parents. This is the first report of new earliness per se (Eps) gene(s) probably associated with a group 7 chromosome of P. huashanica. Based on specific locus-amplified fragment sequencing technology, 45 new specific molecular markers and 19 specific FISH probes were developed for the P. huashanica 7Ns chromosome. Marker validation analyses revealed that two specific markers distinguished the Ns genome chromosomes of P. huashanica and the chromosomes of other wheat-related species. These newly developed FISH probes specifically detected Ns genome chromosomes of P. huashanica in the wheat background. The DT23 line will be useful for breeding early maturing wheat. The specific markers and FISH probes developed in this study can be used to detect and trace P. huashanica chromosomes and chromosomal segments carrying elite genes in diverse materials.

scholarly journals Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a New Wheat–Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng Translocation Line Resistant to Powdery Mildew

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Shuhua Huang ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Chenchen Hou ◽  
Dasheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Distant Hybridization

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng, a wild relative of common wheat with many desirable traits, is an invaluable source of genetic material for wheat improvement. Few wheat–P. huashanica translocation lines resistant to powdery mildew have been reported. In this study, a wheat–P. huashanica line, E24-3-1-6-2-1, was generated via distant hybridization, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, and backcross breeding. A chromosome karyotype of 2n = 44 was observed at the mitotic stage in E24-3-1-6-2-1. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis revealed four translocated chromosomes in E24-3-1-6-2-1, and P. huashanica chromosome-specific marker analysis showed that the alien chromosome fragment was from the P. huashanica 4Ns chromosome. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated that reciprocal translocation had occurred between the P. huashanica 4Ns chromosome and the wheat 3D chromosome; thus, E24-3-1-6-2-1 carried two translocations: T3DS·3DL-4NsL and T3DL-4NsS. Translocation also occurred between wheat chromosomes 2A and 4A. At the adult stage, E24-3-1-6-2-1 was highly resistant to powdery mildew, caused by prevalent pathotypes in China. Further, the spike length, numbers of fertile spikelets, kernels per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield of E24-3-1-6-2-1 were significantly higher than those of its wheat parent 7182 and addition line 24-6-3-1. Thus, this translocation line that is highly resistant to powdery mildew and has excellent agronomic traits can be used as a novel promising germplasm for breeding resistant and high-yielding cultivars.

scholarly journals A 1Ns Disomic Addition from Psathyrostachys Huashanica Keng Confers Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Jing Han ◽  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Chenchen Hou ◽  
Jiachuang Li ◽  
Jinglin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Sts Markers ◽  
Strong Hybridization ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that threatens wheat production throughout the world. Breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to reduce harm caused by powdery mildew. In this study, 35 wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica-derived lines were developed by crossing common wheat and P. huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) using embryo culture. Resistance to powdery mildew in the derived lines was identified at the seedling and adult stages. Line H5-5-4-2 was selected with immunity to powdery mildew at both growth stages. The chromosome structure of this line was characterized by cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and expressed sequence tag-sequence-tagged site (EST-STS) analysis. The chromosome configuration was 2n = 44 = 22II. Two P. huashanica chromosomes with strong hybridization signals were detected by GISH analysis. Among 83 EST-STS markers that covered all seven homologous groups in wheat, three pairs of STS markers, BE497584, BF202643, and BG262410, located in wheat homologous group 1 amplified clear specific bands related to P. huashanica. The results indicated that resistant line H5-5-4-2 was a wheat-P. huashanica 1Ns disomic addition line.

scholarly journals In-situ Desaturation Tests by Electrolysis for Liquefaction Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Chen ◽  
Yumin Chen ◽  
Hanlong Liu ◽  
Kunxian Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum And Minimum Degree

Electrolytic desaturation is a potential method for improving the liquefaction resistance of the liquefiable foundation by reducing the soil saturation. In this study, in-situ desaturation tests were performed to investigate the resistivity of soil at different depth and the water level of the foundation under different current. The test results show that at constant currents of 1 A (Ampere, unit of the direct current), 2 A and 3 A, the saturation of the treated foundation reached 87%, 83% and 80%. During the electrolysis process, the generated gas migrates vertically and horizontally under the influence of buoyancy and gas pressure. In the end of electrolysis, the gas inside the sand foundation basically migrates vertically only. The higher current intensity employed for electrolysis will affect the uniformity and stability of the gas. At constant currents of 1 A, 2 A and 3 A, the difference between the maximum and minimum degree of saturation in the treated foundation was 14%, 18% and 19%; and after electrolysis halted for 144 h, the saturation in the treated foundation was 90%, 85% and 87%. The electricity consumption analysis indicates that the desaturation method has excellent economic benefits in the treatment of saturated sand foundations.

scholarly journals Discovery of functional gene markers of bacteria for monitoring hydrocarbon pollution in the marine environment - a metatranscriptomics approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Knapik ◽  
Andrea Bagi ◽  
Adriana Krolicka ◽  
Thierry Baussant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Oil Biodegradation

AbstractThe use of natural marine bacteria as “oil sensors” for the detection of pollution events can be suggested as a novel way of monitoring oil occurrence at sea. Nucleic acid-based devices generically called genosensors are emerging as potentially promising tools for in situ detection of specific microbial marker genes suited for that purpose. Functional marker genes are particularly interesting as targets for oil-related genosensing but their identification remains a challenge. Here, seawater samples, collected in tanks with oil addition mimicking a realistic oil spill scenario, were filtered and archived by the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), a fully robotized genosensor, and the samples were then used for post-retrieval metatranscriptomic analysis. After extraction, RNA from ESP-archived samples at start, day 4 and day 7 of the experiment was used for sequencing. Metatranscriptomics revealed that several KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in samples exposed to oil. However, these pathways were highly expressed also in the non-oil-exposed water samples, most likely as a result of the release of natural organic matter from decaying phytoplankton. Temporary peaks of aliphatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and monoaromatic ring-degrading enzymes (e.g. ben, box, and dmp clusters) were observed on day 4 in both control and oil tanks. Few alkane 1-monooxygenase genes were upregulated on oil, mostly transcribed by families Porticoccaceae and Rhodobacteraceae, together with aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, mostly transcribed by Rhodobacteraceae. Few transcripts from obligate hydrocarbonoclastic genera of Alcanivorax, Oleispira and Cycloclasticus, were significantly enriched in the oil-treated tank in comparison to control, and these were mostly transporters and genes involved in nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition. This study highlights the importance of seasonality, i.e., phytoplankton occurrence and senescence leading to organic compound release which can be used preferentially by bacteria over oil compounds, delaying the latter process. As a result, such seasonal effect can reduce the sensitivity of genosensing tools employing bacterial functional genes to sense oil. A better understanding of the use of natural organic matter by bacteria involved in oil-biodegradation is needed to develop an array of functional markers enabling the rapid and specific in situ detection of anthropogenic pollution.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Lévesque ◽  
Thomas Graham ◽  
Dorin Bejan ◽  
Jamie Lawson ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Dimensionally Stable Anodes ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract The capture and re-use of greenhouse fertigation water is an efficient use of fertilizer and limited water resources, although the practice is not without risk. Plant pathogens and chemical contaminants can build up over successive capture and re-use cycles; if not properly managed they can lead to reduced productivity or crop loss. There are numerous established and emerging water treatment technologies available to treat fertigation water. Electrochemical processes are emerging as effective means for controlling pathogens via in situ regenerative hypochlorination; a process that is demonstrated here to achieve pathogen control in fertigation solutions without leading to the accumulation of potentially phytotoxic free chlorine residuals associated with other chlorination processes. An electrochemical flow cell (EFC) outfitted with ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) was characterized and evaluated for free chlorine production and Rhizoctonia solani inactivation in both irrigation and fertigation solutions. Pathogen inactivation was achieved at low current densities and short residence or cell contact times. Effluent free chlorine concentrations were significantly lower than commonly reported phytotoxic threshold values (approximately 2.5 mg/L) when fertilizer (containing ammonium) was present in the test solution; an effect attributable to reactions associated with breakpoint chlorination, including chloramine formation, as well as the presence of other oxidizable compounds in the fertilizer. Chloride concentrations were stable under the test conditions suggesting that the EFC was operating as a regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination system. No significant changes to macronutrient concentrations were found following passage through the EFC.

scholarly journals Geothermal Power Production from Abandoned Oil Reservoirs Using In Situ Combustion Technology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Zhu ◽  
Kewen Li ◽  
Changwei Liu ◽  
Mahlalela Bhekumuzi Mgijimi
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology

Development of geothermal resources on abandoned oil reservoirs is considered environmentally friendly. This method could reduce the rate of energy consumption from oil fields. In this study, the feasibility of geothermal energy recovery based on a deep borehole heat exchanger modified from abandoned oil reservoirs using in situ combustion technology is investigated. This system could produce a large amount of heat compensated by in situ combustion in oil reservoir without directly contacting the formation fluid and affecting the oil production. A coupling strategy between the heat exchange system and the oil reservoir was developed to help avoid the high computational cost while ensuring computational accuracy. Several computational scenarios were performed, and results were obtained and analyzed. The computational results showed that an optimal water injection velocity of 0.06 m/s provides a highest outlet temperature of (165.8 °C) and the greatest power output of (164.6 kW) for a single well in all the performed scenarios. Based on the findings of this study, a geothermal energy production system associated with in situ combustion is proposed, specifically for economic reasons, because it can rapidly shorten the payback period of the upfront costs. Modeling was also performed, and based on the modeling data, the proposed technology has a very short payback period of about 4.5 years and a final cumulative net cash flow of about $4.94 million. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that utilizing geothermal resources or thermal energy in oilfields by adopting in situ combustion technology for enhanced oil recovery is of great significance and has great economic benefits.

scholarly journals A BIM-Based Study on the Comprehensive Benefit Analysis for Prefabricated Building Projects in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbo Ji ◽  
Siwei Chang ◽  
Yuan Qi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Hong Xian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Comprehensive Benefit ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Prefabricated Building

Prefabricated construction has been widely accepted as an alternative to conventional cast-in-situ construction, given its improved performance. Great efforts have also been made to develop prefabricated construction technologies in China. However, there is a lack of an appropriate pattern for evaluating its comprehensive economic merits, and reasonable mathematical models for providing a comparative analysis of conventional cast-in-situ and prefabricated building projects have yet to be developed. Therefore, the research in this paper aims to comprehensively evaluate the economic benefits of implementing prefabricated construction techniques in order to surpass the economic barrier and promote the development of prefabricated buildings in China. The comprehensive economic evaluation is formulated in terms of resource-use efficiencies, project progress, and incentive policies. An apartment building in Shanghai is selected as a case study. Construction progress is simulated on the BIM platform when the same case study is rationally transformed from the prefabricated to the conventional cast-in-situ construction technique. The results reveal that the comprehensive economic merit can reach ¥739.6/m2 when selecting the prefabricated construction process. The economic benefit brought by shortening the construction period can be regarded as the most significant contributor. Yet, the current incentive policies only contribute 7.1% of the comprehensive economic evaluation. Overall, this research contributes an assessment framework for decision-making in the technique management of building construction. The BIM-based simulation approach can greatly help investors to identify the relevant economic factors and adopt the latest incentive policies.

scholarly journals P073: Emergency department trauma team in situ simulations at an urban, academic centre to improve team communication and detect latent safety threats

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S90-S91
Author(s):  
N. Kester-Greene ◽  
L. Notario ◽  
H. Heipel ◽  
L. DaLuz ◽  
A. Nathens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Patient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Ad Hoc Teams

Innovation Concept: Effective communication for ad hoc teams is critical to successful management of multisystem trauma patients, to improve situational awareness and to mitigate risk of error. OBJECTIVES 1. Improve communication of ad hoc teams. 2. Identify system gaps. INNOVATION Team in situ simulations provide a unique opportunity to practice communication and assess systems in the real environment. Our trauma team consists of residents and staff from emergency services, general surgery, orthopedics, anaesthesia, nursing and respiratory therapy. Methods: A team of subject matter experts (SME's) from trauma, nursing, emergency medicine and simulation co-developed curriculum in response to a needs assessment that identified gaps in systems and team communication. The simulation occurred in the actual trauma bay. The on-call trauma team was paged and expected to manage a simulated multisystem trauma patient. Once the team arrived, they participated in a briefing, manikin-based simulation and a communication and system focused debriefing. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: Monthly scenarios consisted of management of a blunt trauma patient, emergency airway and massive hemorrhage protocol. Teams were assessed on communication skills and timeliness of interventions. Debriefing consisted of identification of system gaps and latent safety threats. Feedback was given by each discipline followed by SME's. Information was gathered from participant evaluations (5-point Likert scale and open ended questions) and group debrief. Feedback was themed and actions taken to co-create interventions to communication gaps and latent safety threats. As a result, cricothyroidotomy trays were standardized throughout the hospital to mitigate confusion, time delay and unfamiliarity during difficult airway interventions. Participants felt the exercise was an effective means of practicing interprofessional communication and role clarity, and improved their attitude towards the same. Conclusion: In situ simulation-based education with ad hoc trauma teams can improve interprofessional communication and identify latent safety threats for the management of multisystem trauma patients.

Carbon-14 Distribution in Peanut Fruit Parts During Maturation Following 14CO Treatment of Intact Plants1

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Pattee ◽  
Elizabeth B. Johns ◽  
John A. Singleton ◽  
Timothy H. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Fruit Part ◽  
Successive Feeding

Abstract Effects of sampling date and developmental stage on the distribution of radioactivity within the crude ethanol, lipid, and starch fractions from fruit, seed coat, and seed of peanut were investigated. Major differences were found between the first and fourth feeding dates in the amount of 14C-labeled photo-synthate translocated to individual peanut fruit parts. Maximum levels of radioactivity in the pericarp, seed coat, and seed were attained at progressively later developmental stages as the respective part became the dominant metabolic sink. Within the fruit, maximum radioactivity in starch was reached during early maturity (stage 3) and total radioactivity generally decreased with successive feeding dates. Thus the level of photosynthate being translocated to a given fruit decreases as more fruit develop on the plant. Observed relationships between level of radioactivity and specific activity of fruit-part components were interpreted as indicating that metabolic reserves are built up in the fruit and seed coat during early maturation and utilized later during seed development and maturation when the level of available translocated photosynthate has diminished.

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