scholarly journals Activists Against Autocrats: TSMO Networks and Democratic Diffusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pinckney ◽  
John Joseph Chin
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
International Diffusion ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Do So

Do transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) promote the international diffusion of democracy? If so, how? Scholars of democratization have studied a plethora of international factors in the spread of democracy, including geographic or regional proximity, colonial history, trade and alliance networks, and joint inter-governmental organization (IGO) memberships. Few have studied the role of TSMO networks in democratic diffusion. We theorize that TSMOs empower and connect civil societies and thus promote democracy from the “bottom up.” Leveraging a new TSMO Dataset and data on the dimensions of democracy from the Varieties of Democracy project over the 1953–2013 period, we find that TSMOs promote democratic diffusion. TSMOs are strongest at diffusing participatory democracy. TSMOs also contribute to the diffusion of electoral democracy but do so by promoting the diffusion of freedom of association and freedom of expression rather than elections.

Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Movement Participation

Recent research has focused on the role of social networks in facilitating participation in protest and social movement organizations. This paper elaborates three currents of microstructural explanation, based on information, identity, and exchange. In assessing these perspectives, it compares their treatment of multivalence, the tendency for social ties to inhibit as well as promote participation. Considering two dimensions of multivalence—the value of the social tie and the direction of social pressure—this paper discusses problems of measurement and interpretation in network analysis of movement participation. A critical review suggests some directions for future research.

Religious Pluralism and Human Rights in Europe: Where to Draw the Line? Religion, Secular Beliefs and Human Rights, 25 Years After the 1981 Declaration

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Nazila Ghanea
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vexing Question ◽  
Do So

AbstractThese two books address the vexing question of human rights and freedom of religion or belief essentially in two different contexts and from two different perspectives: the European and the international. They do so in a broad manner, addressing the social, political, legal and policy implications of religion at large as well as freedom of religion or belief itself. From an overview of both, it can be seen that neither minority rights, cultural rights, freedom of expression nor freedom of association compensate the absence of freedom of religion or belief in human rights terms.

scholarly journals Valuing the Cause: A Theory of Authenticity in Social Movements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Walker ◽  
Lina Stepick
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Movement Organizations

Scholars of contentious politics expect that social movement organizations (SMOs) are valued according to their ability to craft resonant frames or to enact displays of worthiness. We offer an alternative, relational perspective highlighting the critical role of authenticity in shaping an SMO’s perceived value. Unlike frames and intentional displays, calculated efforts to proclaim authenticity often backfire. We distill two orthogonal types: grassroots (in)authenticity, based on idealized notions of civil society, and institutional (in)authenticity, rooted in cultural-cognitive schemas used to judge fit with established SMO categories. Grassroots authenticity benefits an SMO’s fundamental legitimacy, while lacking it entirely (i.e. “astroturfing”) severely harms public support. Institutional authenticity increases resources and survival chances, intelligibility to elite observers, and clarity of collective identities; still, lacking this (via hybridity) may assist in recruitment and outreach. We build propositions that elaborate these expectations and argue that authenticity should become a more central concept in social movement research.

scholarly journals Die Evolution indigener Politik in Bolivien

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Roberta Rice
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Movement Organizations

This study examines the emergence of indigenous movements as powerful new social and political actors in Latin America. Bolivia’s indigenous movement, in particular, stands out for its mobilizational and organizational capacity in uniting diverse sectors of civil society in the struggle against neoliberalism. The study explores the evolution of indigenous movement strategies in Bolivia, beginning from the transition to democracy in the early 1980s until the presidential victory of indigenous leader Evo Morales of the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party in late 2005. Special attention is paid to the rise of contemporary indigenous-based parties rooted in established social movement organizations as well as the role of the indigenous movement in the Bolivian ‘Water War’ of 2000 and the ‘Gas War’ of 2003. The study contends that the success of Bolivia’s contemporary indigenous movement is largely the result of its two-pronged strategy based on unwavering opposition in both the streets and in parliament and its capacity to combine competing class- and ethnic- based demands.

scholarly journals Crossing Categorical Boundaries: A Study of Diversification by Social Movement Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Wang ◽  
Hayagreeva Rao ◽  
Sarah A. Soule
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Movement Organization ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Do So

When do protest organizations borrow issues or claims that are outside their traditional domains? Sociologists have examined the consequences of borrowing claims across movement boundaries, but not the antecedents of doing so. We argue that movement boundaries are strong when there is consensus about the core claims of a social movement, which we measure by cohesion and focus. Cohesion and focus enhance the legitimacy of a movement and impede member organizations from adopting claims associated with other movements. Analyzing movement organizational activity at U.S.-based protest events from 1960 to 1995, we find that a social movement organization is less likely to adopt claims from other movements when the social movement in which it is embedded exhibits high cohesion and focus. However, when movement organizations do borrow claims, they are more likely to do so by borrowing from movements that themselves exhibit high cohesion and focus. We describe the application of our findings to organization theory, social movements, and field theoretic approaches to understanding social action.

scholarly journals The ambiguities of Brazil in the nuclear area and the Argentine "strategic patience” (2002-2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Rogelio Suppo ◽  
Leandro Gavião
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Nuclear Area ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So ◽  
Newspaper Articles

ABSTRACT This article discusses the ambiguities of Brazil regarding the nuclear area during the administrations of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. To do so, the text uses the speeches of important politicians and members of government bodies to analyze the erratic positioning of Brasília in the face of the commitments made with Argentina since the Quadripartite Agreement (1991) and the founding of the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC). Other source categories used are newspaper articles - Brazilian and international - and confidential files leaked by the non-governmental organization WikiLeaks. Finally, it is sought to evaluate the role of ABACC as an instrument to sustain the Argentinian “strategic patience” within the framework of the sensitive nuclear area.

Bureaucracy, Power, and Threat: Unions and Strikes in The United States, 1990-2001

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Movement Organizations

The bureaucratization of many social movements has generated controversy among scholars and activists alike. While there is considerable evidence that formalized social movement organizations (SMOs) tend to be successful, critics maintain that such actors invariably shift resources away from protest, reducing their disruptive potential. The current research seeks to reorient this debate by introducing the concept of threat as an integral, but overlooked, dimension of protest. Specifically, I hypothesize that the costs associated with collective action will motivate formalized SMOs to leverage the threat of protest to achieve new gains. The empirical case is made using data from a sample of labor unions and their strike activity from 1990-2001, a period of growing acrimony between organized labor and firms that is particularly well suited for analyzing threat. The findings highlight the role of threat in movement challenges and how it interacts with the broader environment within which the SMO is embedded.

scholarly journals VALUING THE CAUSE: A THEORY OF AUTHENTICITY IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS*

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Edward T. Walker ◽  
Lina Stepick
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Relational Perspective ◽  
Movement Organizations

Scholars of contentious politics expect that social movement organizations (SMOs) are valued according to their ability to craft resonant frames or to enact displays of worthiness. We offer an alternative, relational perspective highlighting the critical role of authenticity in shaping an SMO's perceived value. Unlike frames and intentional displays, calculated efforts to proclaim authenticity often backfire. We distill two orthogonal types: grassroots (in)authenticity, based on idealized notions of civil society, and institutional (in)authenticity, rooted in culturalcognitive schemas used to judge fit with established SMO categories. Grassroots authenticity benefits an SMO's fundamental legitimacy, while lacking it entirely (i.e., “astroturfing”) severely harms public support. Institutional authenticity increases resources and survival chances, intelligibility to elite observers, and clarity of collective identities; still, lacking this (via hybridity) may assist in recruitment and outreach. We build propositions that elaborate these expectations and argue that authenticity should become a more central concept in social movement research.

scholarly journals The Lack of Gender Mainstreaming on the Presidential Regulation No. 86/2018 on Agrarian Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Iwan Nurdin ◽  
Julian Aldrin Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
The Government ◽  
Movement Organizations

<p>The situation of agrarian injustice in the rural area carries multiple layers of burden on women. Such situation could be addressesd with the agrarian reform’s agenda. This is the reason why the society welcome the announcement of agrarian reform agenda as Joko Widodo administration’s priority program. After being in power for four years, finally the government had issued the Presidential Regulation No. 86 year of 2018 on Agrarian Reform. The enactment of this Agrarian Reform’s policy cannot be separated from the role of social movement organizations in urging for agrarian reform agenda, including in urging for an agrarian reform policy with gender justice perspective. This paper seeks to see how women’s movement and the agrarian reform movement have been trying to advocate gender perspective in the formulation and the implementation of the Presidential Regulation (Perpres).</p>

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

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