scholarly journals Explaining Variation in Parents' and Their Children's Stress During COVID-19 Lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Toppe ◽  
Roman Stengelin ◽  
Louisa S. Schmidt ◽  
Naiera Amini ◽  
Nils Schuhmacher
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Self Transcendence

The coronavirus pandemic poses a substantial threat to people across the globe. In the first half of 2020, governments limited the spread of virus by imposing diverse regulations. These regulations had a particular impact on families as parents had to manage their occupational situation and childcare in parallel. Here, we examine a variation in parents' and children's stress during the lockdowns in the first half of 2020 and detect the correlates of families' stress. Between April and June 2020, we conducted an explorative online survey among n = 422 parents of 3- to 10-year-old children residing in 17 countries. Most participants came from Germany (n = 274), Iran (n = 70), UK (n = 23), and USA (n = 23). Parents estimated their own stress, the stress of their own children, and various information on potential correlates (e.g., accommodation, family constellation, education, community size, playtime for children, contact with peers, media consumption, and physical activity). Parents also stated personal values regarding openness to change, self-transcendence, self-enhancement, and conservation. The results indicate a substantial variation in the stress levels of families and their diverse reactions to regulations. Media consumption by children commonly increased in comparison to the time before the pandemic. Parents raising both pre-school- and school-aged children were at a particular risk of experiencing stress in response to regulations. Estimated stress and reactions varied with the age of children and the personal values of parents, suggesting that such variables need to be considered when implementing and evaluating regulations and supporting young families in the current and future pandemic.

scholarly journals Changes in Personal Values in Pandemic Times

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110240
Author(s):  
Ella Daniel ◽  
Anat Bardi ◽  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Maya Benish-Weisman ◽  
Julie A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence

The COVID-19 pandemic has had immense impact on people’s lives, potentially leading individuals to reevaluate what they prioritize in life (i.e., their values). We report longitudinal data from Australians 3 years prior to the pandemic, at pandemic onset (April 2020, N = 2,321), and in November–December 2020 ( n = 1,442). While all higher order values were stable prior to the pandemic, conservation values, emphasizing order and stability, became more important during the pandemic. In contrast, openness to change values, emphasizing self-direction and stimulation, showed a decrease during the pandemic, which was reversed in late 2020. Self-transcendence values, emphasizing care for close others, society, and nature, decreased by late 2020. These changes were amplified among individuals worrying about the pandemic. The results support psychological theory of values as usually stable, but also an adaptive system that responds to significant changes in environmental conditions. They also test a new mechanism for value change, worry.

The Importance of Behavior and Personal Values for Managers' Attitudes Towards Innovativeness

2017 ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Maciej Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Schwartz Value Survey ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of prevalent management behavior on management attitudes about creativeness and innovativeness, while also considering the impact of personal values, in three Central European economies, having different development paths, namely Slovenia, Austria, and Poland. Personal values are measured using Schwartz value survey, using openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence and self-enhancement value dimensions. Results reveal that manager's behavior significantly influences on manager's attitudes regarding innovativeness, in all three countries. The impact of personal values on shaping management behavior and manager's attitudes toward innovativeness is significant only in few instances in Austrian sample, while in Slovenia and Poland it is insignificant. Regarding the mediating effect of managers' personal values on the association between management behavior and their creativeness, our results reveal marginal role of personal values.

Influences on the intention to buy organic food in an emerging market

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Wagner Mainardes ◽  
Diana Von Borell de Araujo ◽  
Sarah Lasso ◽  
Daniel Modenesi Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personal values and attitudes in an emerging market. And the authors verified whether the attitude plays a mediating role between personal values and the intention to purchase these products in the same market. Design/methodology/approach Two surveys were conducted with consumers of organic food in Brazil. The first study was conducted at two organic products fairs and obtained 385 responses. The second study was conducted on the internet and obtained 270 responses. The Portrait Values Questionnaire 21, plus attitude scales and purchase intent regarding organic food, was used. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings Significant relationships were found between personal values, such as openness to change (positive influence), conservation (positive), self-promotion (positive) and self-transcendence (negative). Significant relationships were also found between three personal values and the purchase intention of organic food (conservation – positive, self-promotion – positive and self-transcendence – negative), with all of them being mediated by attitude. The effect of openness to change on purchase intention was indirect, being mediated by attitude. Originality/value The authors noticed two theoretical gaps. The first involves the need to explore the attitude as a mediator in the relationship between the human values proposed by Schwartz (1992, 1994) and the intention to purchase organic food. Another perceived gap was pointed out by Steenkamp et al. (1999), Burgess and Steenkamp (2006) and Sheth (2011). These authors argue that consumption is different in emerging markets to that in more mature markets. This limits the ability to generalise consumer studies conducted in developed countries. This reasoning also applies to organic food.

Personal Values and Consumers’ Ethical Beliefs: The Mediating Roles of Moral Identity and Machiavellianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi M. M. I. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Consumer Values ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship

This study constitutes a theoretically grounded exploration of the factors that mediate the relationship between consumer values and ethical beliefs. An online survey of US consumers was conducted to explore potential mediators of the effects of personal values on consumers’ ethical beliefs. The results show that moral identity and dimensions of Machiavellianism (amoral manipulation, desire for control) mediate the effects of self-transcendence orientation (the importance of self-transcendence values relative to that of self-enhancement values) and conservation orientation (the importance of conservation values relative to that of openness-to-change values) on beliefs about unethical consumer actions. Furthermore, moral identity mediates the effects of self-transcendence orientation and conservation orientation on beliefs about pro-social actions. These results demonstrate that personal values, moral character, and belief systems all influence consumer ethics. Macromarketing implications for public policy, particularly education policy, are discussed.

scholarly journals PERSONAL VALUES SCALE: BRAZILIAN ENTREPREUNERS’ STARTUPS SAMPLE VALIDATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Flavia Frate ◽  
Renata Martins Correa ◽  
Katia Astorino Carvalhaes ◽  
Arnoldo De Hoyos Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
R Software ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Latent Values

This study aims to validate the personal values that push up entrepreneurs to idealize startups in Brazil. The research respondents are incubated at SEBRAE’s centers, a Brazilian support service for micro and small companies, in Alto do Tietê region, São Paulo, Brazil. The empirical quantitative research used the PQV values scale, the Portrait Questionnaire Value, which evaluates individual values based on Schwartz's model of human values. Continuing the studies of this author, this research is made considering ten types of personal values and four areas that present the following indicators: 1. Conservation (conformity, tradition and security); 2. Openness to change (self-direction, stimulation and hedonism); 3. Self-enhancement (achievement and power); 4. Self-transcendence (benevolence and universalism or philanthropy). The scale contains 40 statements and describes people with different aims, interests and aspirations. A multidimensional scale (MDS), with the aid of R software, analyzed the results in order to position the values dimensions. The hypothesis that the predominant latent values are from the openness to change area was confirmed. Thus, the conclusion is that personal values related to openness to change, such as: self-determination, stimulation and hedonism or pleasure, are latent values in the entrepreneurs interviewed. These values are related to freedom, creativity, audacity and pleasure in their projects. 

scholarly journals The Millennials’ Effect: How Can Their Personal Values Shape the Future Business Environment of Industry 4.0?

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Črešnar ◽  
Senta Jevšenak
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Future Business

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to assess a possible impact millennials will have on the future business environment of Industry 4.0, based on their personal value orientations. Millennials are taking over important roles in organizations, but their personal values are significantly different from those of older generations. This paper shows that, based on the Schwartz’s value survey with N=371 Slovenian respondents, millennials are in general more inclined toward values connected to personal growth and freedom from anxiety, emphasizing self-transcendence and openness to change, than toward self-protection and anxiety avoidance, understating conservation and self-enhancement values. These cognitions can have significant implications in shaping the future business environment of Industry 4.0, as it can become more open, understanding, collaborative, accepting, and generally more supporting, thus creating the evident millennials’ effect. Even though millennials are in general well prepared for the future business environment, organizations will have to, in order to retain the millennials, reshape their current organizational environment to better reflect the millennials’ views.

scholarly journals Critical Success Factors in Hospitality ERP Models: Impact of IT Manager's Pro-activeness, Innovativeness and Rapport

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Uday Kumar Adusumilli ◽  
Rajneesh Pandeya ◽  
Arvind Sebastian ◽  
Nanda Ashwin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Self Transcendence

In this paper, we examine the implications of Hospitality ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Systems, their Success Metrics, and what motivates people behind such systems. An analysis of the literature identifying and categorizing experimentally established critical success factors (CSFs) was conducted in order to accomplish this goal. Therefore, the result of the study is a proposal for a low-cost CSF implementation model. A crucial metric in that regard is innovation. Innovation can make or break a business model, and this is especially true in the Hospitality ERP Sector. Individuals' good ideas are at the core of innovations, so understanding how individuals and their personal characteristics contribute to innovation is crucial. We investigate how the values of employees have a direct influence on their innovative behavior in the current study as well. A worker's autonomy was hypothesized to mediate these relationships. Researchers found that values like openness to change and self-improvement values are positively correlated with job autonomy, whereas values like conservation and self-transcendence values are negatively correlated with it, which suggests that values play an important role in determining autonomy at work. A positive relationship between employees' self-enhancement values and their innovative behavior is also found, while a negative relationship appears to exist between conservation and self-transcendence values. Using a bias-corrected bootstrapping method, mediation analysis determined that job autonomy significantly mediates the relationship between employee personal values (except openness to change) and innovative behavior. Based on our research, we demonstrate that values provide the basis for innovative behavior. By showing the importance of job autonomy and personal values on inventive behavior in organizations, we also contribute to innovation research.

Toward the Extension of Antecedents of Compulsive Buying: The Influence of Personal Values Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095977
Author(s):  
Piotr Tarka ◽  
Richard J. Harnish
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Value Model ◽  
Buying In

Although a great deal of research has been conducted on compulsive buying, little if any, research has explored compulsive buying from a wider theoretical perspective, encompassing all types of values as potential drivers of compulsive buying. In particular, no comprehensive research has been conducted in the diagnosis of mechanisms that direct the development of compulsive buying from the perspective of personal values theory. Thus, the objective of the current research was to explore compulsive buying within Schwartz’s value model, as well as examining the role particular values play as predictors of compulsive buying. Data were obtained from randomly selected students (young adults), whose ages ranged from 17 to 25 years-old, enrolled at professional and high schools, and at universities in Poland. Personal values were measured by the Polish version of Personal Values Questionnaire, while compulsive buying propensity was assessed by the Polish version of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale. Generally, the study’s hypotheses were supported by SEM analysis. That is, those who held values comprising “Self-Enhancement” and “Openness to Change” were more likely to be compulsive buyers. In contrast, those who held values comprising “Self-Transcendence” and “Conservation” were more likely to be non-compulsive buyers. Compulsive buyers were more self-focused, hedonistic, power- and achievement-oriented than non-compulsive buyers. Finally, values that emphasized importance of communal rather than individualistic goals appeared to prevent compulsive buying.

scholarly journals Personal Values, Attitudes and Travel Intentions Towards Cycling and Walking, and Actual Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García ◽  
Lidón Mars ◽  
Rosa Arroyo ◽  
Daniel Casquero ◽  
Floridea di Ciommo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Personal values are psychological factors scarcely presented in travel behavior studies, despite their importance in determining life choices, decisions and actions. This paper contributes to filling this gap. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of personal values on attitudes, intentions and current cycling and walking. Data regarding personal values, attitudes, intentions and current use of cycling and walking were collected through a web-based survey. Pearson correlations, independent sample non-parametric tests and hierarchical regressions have been used to analyze the information. Reasonably weak but statistically significant direct and indirect effects have been identified between personal values and attitudes towards cycling and walking, intentions and current walking and cycling. Openness to change and self-transcendence values are associated to cycling and walking. Actions to encourage those personal values are needed to improve sustainable transport and mobility.

scholarly journals The longitudinal interplay between personal values and subjective well-being: A registered report

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110129
Author(s):  
Michael P Grosz ◽  
Shalom H Schwartz ◽  
Clemens M Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Self Transcendence

A large body of cross-sectional research on personal values and subjective well-being has inspired theories of the interplay between personal values and subjective well-being. In this registered report, we investigated which of these theories fit best with the longitudinal associations between values and cognitive and affective subjective well-being. We hypothesized that openness-to-change values have a causal effect on subjective well-being and that subjective well-being, in turn, has a causal effect on openness-to-change values. We analyzed 12 waves of a German panel study ( N = 9,723) with random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM). Partly consistent with our hypotheses, all four six-month cross-lagged effects and one of four 18-month cross-lagged effects from openness-to-change values to subjective well-being and vice versa were statistically significant. Neither openness-to-change values nor subjective well-being appeared to be causally predominant over the other. Additional exploratory analyses yielded little evidence for cross-lagged effects from conservation, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement to subjective well-being or vice versa. Overall, our findings are compatible with theorized bidirectional influences between openness-to-change values and subjective well-being. Time-varying confounders might provide an alternative explanation for the cross-lagged associations that we could not rule out. We conclude with directions for further theory-driven research on the values–subjective well-being interface.

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