scholarly journals Sounds Like Respect. The Impact of Background Music on the Acceptance of Gay Men in Audio-Visual Advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Herget ◽  
Franziska Bötzl
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Engagement Rings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Formats

Companies increasingly seek to use gay protagonists in audio-visual commercials to attract a new affluent target group. There is also growing demand for the diversity present in society to be reflected in media formats such as advertising. Studies have shown, however, that heterosexual consumers (especially men), who may be part of the company's loyal consumer base, tend to react negatively to gay-themed advertising campaigns. Searching for an instrument to mitigate this unwanted effect, the present study investigated whether carefully selected background music can shape the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects online experiment (musical connotation × gender of the participant), 218 heterosexual participants watched a commercial promoting engagement rings that featured gay male protagonists, scored with feminine- or masculine-connoted background music. As expected, women generally reacted more positively than men to the advertising. Men exposed to the masculine-connoted background music rated the promoted brand more positively, and masculine music also enhanced (at least in the short term) these men's acceptance of gay men in general (low and medium effect sizes) more than was the case for feminine background music. Carefully selected background music affecting the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists may prevent negative reactions from heterosexual audiences and, therefore, motivate companies to use gay protagonists in television commercials on a more regular basis.

scholarly journals Acute and Short-Term Effects of Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Hamstring Tightness: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Bazzaz-Yamchi ◽  
Soofia Naghdi ◽  
Amin Nakhostin-Ansari ◽  
Monavar Hadizadeh ◽  
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

Background. Chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is one of the common health issues. Hamstring tightness contributes to the development of LBP. This study aimed to investigate the acute and short-term effects of deep dry needling (DN) in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP and hamstring muscle tightness. Methods. A single-group pretest-posttest clinical study design was followed. The outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS), passive knee extension (PKE) test, finger-floor distance (FFD) test, and functional rating index (FRI). Patients underwent one session of deep DN of three points on both hamstring muscles, each point for one minute. Patients were assessed before (T0), immediately after (T1), and one week after DN (T2). The FRI was assessed at T0 and T2. Results. Ten women with a mean age of 21.1 years (SD = 1.6) participated in the study. Significant large effect sizes in VAS pain reduction (d = 1.25) and PKE hamstring tightness were obtained (hamstring: right, d = 0.82; left, d = 0.88) at T2. Medium effect sizes were obtained for FFD (d = 0.45) and FRI (d = 0.72) at T2. Conclusion. A single session of deep DN improved pain and function and increased hamstring flexibility. This pilot study supports the use of DN in patients with LBP and hamstring tightness; however, future research with a rigorous study design of randomized controlled trial is required to confirm the findings. This trial is registered with IRCT20180511039612N1.

scholarly journals Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Yasuo Haruyama ◽  
Gen Kobashi ◽  
Toshimi Sairenchi ◽  
Koji Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Impact

Background. The role of central sensitization in refractory pain-related diseases has not yet been clarified. Methods. We performed a multicenter case-controlled study including 551 patients with various neurological, psychological, and pain disorders and 5,188 healthy controls to investigate the impact of central sensitization in these patients. Symptoms related to central sensitization syndrome (CSS) were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) parts A and B. Patients were categorized into 5 groups based on CSI-A scores from subclinical to extreme. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), addressing pain severity and pain interference with daily activities, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, assessing depressive symptoms, were also administered. Results. CSI-A scores and CSI-B disease numbers were significantly greater in patients than in controls ( p < 0.001 ). Medium effect sizes (r = 0.37) for CSI-A scores and large effect sizes (r = 0.64) for CSI-B disease numbers were found between patients and control groups. Compared with the CSI-A subclinical group, the CSI-A mild, moderate, severe, and extreme groups had significantly higher BPI pain interference and severity scores, PHQ-9 scores, and CSS-related disease numbers based on ANCOVA. Greater CSI-B numbers resulted in higher CSI-A scores ( p < 0.001 ) and a higher odds ratio ( p for trend <0.001). CSS-related symptoms were associated with pain severity, pain interference with daily activities, and depressive symptoms in various pain-related diseases. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that CSS may participate in these conditions as common pathophysiology.

A-53 The Relationship between Age and TMT-A Performance in Patients with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1095
Author(s):  
Nicholas S Lackey ◽  
Natasha Nemanim ◽  
Alexander O Hauson ◽  
Eric J Connors ◽  
Anna Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective A previous meta-analysis utilized the Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) to measure the impact of heart failure (HF) on attention. A near medium effect size with moderate heterogeneity was observed, the HF group performed worse than healthy controls (HC). This study explores if the age of the HF group moderates differences in the performance of individuals with HF versus HC on TMT-A. Data Selection Two researchers searched eight databases, extracted data, and calculated effect sizes as part of a larger study. Inclusion criteria were: (a) adults with HF (New York Heart Association severity II or higher), (b) comparison to a HC group, (c) standardized neuropsychological/cognitive testing, and (d) adequate data to calculate effect sizes. Exclusion criteria were: (a) participants had other types of major organ failure, (b) the article was not in English, or (c) there was a risk of sample overlap with another included study. A total of six articles were included in this sub-study (Total HF n = 602 and HC n = 342). The unrestricted maximum likelihood computational model was used for the meta-regression. Data Synthesis Studies included in the meta-regression evidenced a statistically significant medium effect size estimate with moderate heterogeneity (k = 6, g = 0.636, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 56.85%). The meta-regression was statistically significant (slope = −0.0515, p = 0.0016, Qmodel = 9.86, df = 1, p = 0.0016). Conclusions Individuals with HF performed worse on the TMT-A than HC. Age accounted for a significant proportion of the observed heterogeneity in the meta-regression. Future research should examine the relationship of age on cognition in individuals with HF.

A-54 The Relationship between Age and MMSE Performance Amongst Individuals with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1096
Author(s):  
Natasha Nemanim ◽  
Nicholas Lackey ◽  
Eric J Connors ◽  
Alexander O Hauson ◽  
Anna Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective A previous meta-analysis assessing the impact of heart failure (HF) on cognition found the HF group performed more poorly than the healthy control (HC) on global cognition measures. The study observed a medium effect and moderate heterogeneity when using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to measure HF’s impact on global cognition. The current meta-regression explores whether the mean age of the HF group moderates performance on the MMSE when comparing HF patients to HC. Data Selection Two researchers independently searched eight databases, extracted data, and calculated effect sizes as part of a larger study. Inclusion criteria were: (a) adults with a diagnosis of HF, (b) comparison of HF patients to HC, and (c) adequate data to calculate effect sizes. Articles were excluded if patients had other types of organ failure, the article was not available in English, or there was a risk of sample overlap with another included study. Twelve articles (HF n = 1166 and HC n = 1948) were included. The unrestricted maximum likelihood computational model was used for the meta-regression. Data Synthesis Studies included in the meta-regression evidenced a statistically significant medium effect size estimate with moderate heterogeneity (k = 12, g = 0.671, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 80.91%). The meta-regression was statistically significant (slope = −0.023, p = 0.0022, Qmodel = 5.26, df = 1, p = 0.022). Conclusions Individuals with HF performed more poorly on the MMSE than HC. Larger effect sizes on the MMSE were observed in studies with participants who were younger compared to studies with participants who were older. Future research should continue to delineate the impact of age on global cognition in individuals with HF.

P01-345-Prevalence and impact of cannabis use disorders in adolescents with early onset first episode psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
B. Schimmelmann ◽  
S. Cotton ◽  
P. Conus ◽  
S. Kupferschmid ◽  
P. McGorry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
List Type ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivePrevious studies on the impact of cannabis use disorders (CU) on outcome in psychosis were mostly based on non-representative samples, have often not controlled for confounders and rarely focused on adolescents. Thus, the aims of the present study were to assess;(i) prevalence of CU;(ii) pre-treatment and baseline differences between CU and those without CU (NCU); and(iii) the impact of baseline and course of CU on 18-month outcomes in a representative cohort of adolescents with early onset first episode psychosis (EOP).MethodThe sample comprised 99 adolescents (age 14 to 18) with EOP (onset age 14 to 17), admitted to the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre in Australia. Data were collected from medical files using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsPrevalence of lifetime CU was 65.7%, baseline CU 53.5%, and persistent CU 26.3%. Baseline CU compared to NCU was associated with higher illness-severity, lower functioning, less insight, lower premorbid functioning and longer duration of untreated psychosis. Compared to both NCU and those who decreased or stopped CU during treatment, only persistent CU was linked to worse outcomes and more service disengagement. Effect sizes were medium controlling for relevant confounders. Medication non-adherence did not explain the link between persistent CU and worse outcome.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CU in adolescents with EOP is high, while only persistent CU use was associated with worse outcome with medium effect sizes. Specific needs of adolescent patients with respect to cannabis interventions within integrated care settings should be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Compensatory Interventions for Cognitive Impairments in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Kristi van-der-EL ◽  
Shayden Bryce ◽  
Emma M Parrish ◽  
Susan R McGurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Cognitive compensatory interventions aim to alleviate psychosocial disability by targeting functioning directly using aids and strategies, thereby minimizing the impact of cognitive impairment. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive compensatory interventions for psychosis by examining the effects on functioning and symptoms, and exploring whether intervention factors, study design, and age influenced effect sizes. Methods Electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsychINFO) were searched up to October 2018. Records obtained through electronic and manual searches were screened independently by two reviewers according to selection criteria. Data were extracted to calculate estimated effects (Hedge’s g) of treatment on functioning and symptoms at post-intervention and follow-up. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Results Twenty-six studies, from 25 independent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis (1654 participants, mean age = 38.9 years, 64% male). Meta-analysis revealed a medium effect of compensatory interventions on functioning compared to control conditions (Hedge’s g = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.60, P &lt; .001), with evidence of relative durability at follow-up (Hedge’s g = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.54, P &lt; .001). Analysis also revealed small significant effects of cognitive compensatory treatment on negative, positive, and general psychiatric symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. Estimated effects did not significantly vary according to treatment factors (ie, compensatory approach, dosage), delivery method (ie, individual/group), age, or risk of bias. Longer treatment length was associated with larger effect sizes for functioning outcomes. No evidence of publication bias was identified. Conclusion Cognitive compensatory interventions are associated with robust, durable improvements in functioning in people with psychotic illnesses.

Affective Disgust Predicts Blame for Gay Male Homicide Victims

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quinn ◽  
Allison Louise Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
James Wages
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Victim Blame ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Blame Attribution ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
People’S Perceptions

For certain crimes there is a tendency in the U.S. to blame individuals for their victimization. Previous work has shown that affective states can impact blame attribution. Drawing upon this work, the purpose of the current pre-registered research was to examine the relation between affective disgust and victim blame attribution. In Study 1, as participants’ (N = 203) level of implicit disgust associations with gay men increased, their tendency to blame a gay male homicide victim also increased, whereas their agreement that the homicide qualified as a hate crime decreased. In Study 2, disgust was experimentally induced by exposing participants (N = 431) to disgusting (e.g., vomit, insects) or neutral images (e.g., mug, stapler). Inducing disgust increased victim blame and decreased perceptions that the homicide constituted a hate crime. However, exploratory mediation analyses in both studies showed that the impact of disgust on hate crime applications is best explained as an indirect effect of victim blame. Taken together, these findings suggest that both individual differences in implicit gay-disgust and situational feelings of disgust may underlie people’s perceptions of how blameworthy a victim is for the crime committed against them.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Exercise and Cognitive Training in Virtual Reality Phase 2 Pilot Study: Impact on Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ashwin Sakhare ◽  
Joy Stradford ◽  
Roshan Ravichandran ◽  
Rong Deng ◽  
Julissa Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
The Impact

Background: Aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment have been shown to enhance brain function. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising method for combining these activities in a meaningful and ecologically valid way. Objective: The purpose of this Phase 2 pilot study was to calculate relative change and effect sizes to assess the impact of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training in VR on brain health and cognition in older adults. Methods: Twelve cognitively normal older adults (64.7±8.8 years old, 8 female) participated in a 12-week intervention, 3 sessions/week for 25–50 minutes/session at 50–80%HRmax. Participants cycled on a custom-built stationary exercise bike while wearing a VR head-mounted display and navigating novel virtual environments to train spatial memory. Brain and cognitive changes were assessed using MRI imaging and a cognitive battery. Results: Medium effect size (ES) improvements in cerebral flow and brain structure were observed. Pulsatility, a measure of peripheral vascular resistance, decreased 10.5%(ES(d) = 0.47). Total grey matter volume increased 0.73%(ES(r) = 0.38), while thickness of the superior parietal lobule, a region associated with spatial orientation, increased 0.44%(ES(r) = 0.30). Visual memory discrimination related to pattern separation showed a large improvement of 68%(ES(ηp2) = 0.43). Cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test B) (ES(r) = 0.42) and response inhibition (ES(W) = 0.54) showed medium improvements of 14%and 34%, respectively. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training in VR elicits positive changes in brain volume, vascular resistance, memory, and executive function with moderate-to-large effect sizes in our pilot study.

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