scholarly journals Paint It Red - A Multimethod Study of the Nudging Effect of Coloured Cycle Lanes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslak Fyhri ◽  
Katrine Karlsen ◽  
Hanne B. Sundfør
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

Many countries colour their cycle lanes, but there is still a lack of research into the impact of this policy. Rather than constraining or regulating movement, coloured asphalt conveys information, and can serve as a good example of a “nudge”. In transport, there are few good examples of effective nudges for improved safety or sustainability. We used a multi-method approach to study the behaviour and experiences of cyclists before and after cycle lanes were coloured using red asphalt. Video data were collected and analysed to measure the extent to which motorists stopped in the cycle lane; motorist distance from the cycle lane on passing; and bicycle placement in the cycle lane. Cyclists (n = 1583) were asked how they experienced the cycle lane in field surveys. GPS data from cyclists (n = 2448) was used to measure whether colouring the cycle lanes resulted in a change of cyclists’ route choice. Video data showed no significant decrease in the share of passing motorists who stopped in the cycle lane. However, there was a significant decrease in the share of motorists stopping in the cycle lane rather than in the car lane or on the pavement. After recoating, motorists also kept a greater distance from the cycle lane; a greater share of cyclists chose to cycle in the cycle lane and a lower share cycled on the pavement. Analysis of survey data showed that visibility, perceived safety and ease of visualisation improved more in the recoated streets than in control streets. Analysis of the GPS data revealed a significant increase in cycling in the first streets to get red asphalt, with mixed results for the later streets. We discuss possible mechanisms behind the effects observed, and whether coloured cycle lanes can be considered as a form of nudging.

scholarly journals Solving Fractions by Applying the Bar Model Concept with the Butterfly Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Jessica Low ◽  
Masitah Shahrill ◽  
Nordiana Zakir
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Teaching Fractions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

This study aims to investigate an intervention in the application of the Butterfly Method Algorithm with the Bar Model Concept on the addition and subtractions of Fractions to Year 9 students in one of the Government secondary schools in Brunei Darussalam. The Butterfly Method is an alternative visual method for teaching fractions where the diagonal and horizontal multiplication of the denominators and numerators are employed by drawing the Butterfly. A mixed-method approach was used to explore the impact of the intervention with data gathered from the students’ written pre- and post-tests and interview transcripts. The tests conducted before and after the intervention were used to analyze students’ errors and misconceptions. The students’ written analyses of the post-test results revealed that not all of the students applied the Butterfly Method. A few students were selected for interviews in order to gain deeper insights into how they developed the errors and misconceptions from both tests. Findings from the students’ interview transcripts revealed they were not confident with the Butterfly Method, and they needed more time to be familiar with the concept. Another factor for not applying the Butterfly Method is due to students’ confusion on subtracting fractions that has the same denominators as well as subtracting a proper fraction from a whole number. This study concluded that students who applied the Butterfly Method helped them to remember the new method from the intervention satisfactorily in comparison to those who lack the confidence in applying it.

scholarly journals Better Use of Data to improve parent Satisfaction (BUDS): protocol for a prospective before-and-after pilot study employing mixed methods to improve parent experience of neonatal care

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Sakonidou ◽  
Izabela Andrzejewska ◽  
Sophia Kotzamanis ◽  
Wendy Carnegie ◽  
Mable Nakubulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Parent Satisfaction ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staff Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staff Workload

IntroductionHaving a baby that requires neonatal care is stressful and traumatic. Parents often report dissatisfaction with communication of clinical information. In the UK neonatal care data are recorded daily using electronic patient record systems (EPR), from which deidentified data form the National Neonatal Research Database (NNRD). We aim to evaluate the impact of sharing neonatal EPR data with parents, on parent-reported satisfaction, parent–staff interactions, staff workload and data completeness.MethodsA prospective, before-and-after, mixed-method study. Participants are parents of inpatient babies (maximum 90) and staff in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, London, UK. The intervention was developed by former neonatal parents, neonatologists and neonatal nurses: a communication tool for parents comprising individualised, written, daily infant updates for parents, derived from EPR data. The intervention will be provided to parents over 6 weeks. Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will inform the tool’s iterative development and improvement. The tool’s impact will be measured using a validated parent survey, staff survey, data completeness measures and interviews.AnalysisPrimary outcome: parent satisfaction ‘with communication of clinical information and involvement in care’. Secondary outcomes: parent–staff interactions, staff workload, data completeness. Baseline survey data will be obtained from clinical service evaluation preceding the intervention. Baseline data completeness will be derived from the NNRD. During the intervention, surveys will be administered biweekly and data completeness assessed daily. We will analyse outcomes using run charts and partially paired statistical tests. Parent and staff interviews will explore information exchange and the communication tool’s impact.DiscussionThis study will evaluate the impact of a parent co-designed intervention on communication with parents in neonatal care and the completeness of routinely recorded electronic clinical data. Better use of routinely recorded clinical data provides the opportunity to improve parent satisfaction and increase the research utility of such data, benefiting clinical care.Ethics and disseminationReviewed and approved by the West Midlands—South Birmingham REC (18/WM/0175).Registration numberISRCTN62718241.

scholarly journals A Multi-Method Approach to a Comprehensive Examination of the Psychiatric and Neurological Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence in Women: A Methodology Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Galovski ◽  
Kimberly B. Werner ◽  
Katherine M. Iverson ◽  
Stephanie Kaplan ◽  
Catherine B. Fortier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

The number of women in the United States that experience blows to the head during assaults by intimate partners is substantial. The number of head blows that result in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is virtually unknown, but estimates far exceed numbers of TBI in parallel populations (e.g., blast exposure, accidents, sports) combined. Research on the impact of TBI on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) is sparse. This methodology paper describes the comprehensive, multi-method approach used by a multi-disciplinary team of investigators from several different fields of expertise to assess the interaction of psychiatric, cognitive, psychological, and physical conditions that result from IPV. Using state-of-the-art instruments, a comprehensive assessment of lifetime trauma exposure, lifetime history of TBI, psychiatric history, and a full assessment of current cognitive, neuropsychological and biomedical function was conducted with 51 female survivors of IPV who screened positive for PTSD. This multi-method assessment included clinician-administered diagnostic interviews modified to specifically assess the sequelae of IPV, standardized self-report surveys, neuropsychological tests, structural, diffusion, and functional neuroimaging and blood-based biomarkers. The specific details and full report of the results of the full study are beyond the scope of this methodology paper. Descriptive characteristics of the complex clinical presentation observed in this unique sample are described. The sample reported high rates of trauma exposure across the lifespan and 80% met full criteria for current PTSD. Women also reported high rates of lifetime subconcussive head injury (88.2%) and TBI (52.9%) from various etiologies (35.3% secondary to IPV). Descriptive findings from the methodological protocol described here have begun to reveal information that will advance our understanding of the impact of subconcussive head injury and TBI on recovery from mental injury among IPV survivors.

Personal, Public and Political Impacts of a New District: Survey Data from Before and After the Creation of Ghana’s Nabdam District

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962093005
Author(s):  
Kevin S Fridy ◽  
Mary R Anderson ◽  
Isaac K Yen
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Government Fragmentation ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

In June 2012 the government of Ghana added 42 new districts to the country’s system of local governance. This paper measures the impact of one new district in terms of private wealth accumulation, access to public services and political engagement. Data analysed comes from a panel survey of residents of the new district capital and two similarly sized villages, one in the new district and one just outside. Proponents of government fragmentation promise personal, public and political gains when government is brought closer to the people. Evidence weighed here suggests that these gains are largely realized by residents.

Police Officer and Supervisor Perceptions of Body-Worn Cameras Pre- and Postimplementation: The Importance of Officer Buy-in

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Snyder ◽  
Matthew S. Crow ◽  
John Ortiz Smykla
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Stakeholder Perceptions ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) are increasingly more common in their use among police officers. Research on BWCs is the focus of an increasing number of studies seeking information on stakeholder perceptions and the impact of the technology on behavior and other related outcomes. Although the emerging research is mixed, several studies find that officers have concerns about the use of BWCs and may not fully support their use. The current study utilizes survey data from two Southern police departments. Police officers and supervisors were surveyed on their perceptions of BWCs prior to the implementation of BWCs, then again after their implementation. The analysis focuses on changes in perceptions before and after BWC implementation and examines the impact of respondent rank on perceptions. Overall, perceptions became more positive toward BWCs after the implementation; however, differences emerged when considering rank. Respondents at the supervisor rank expressed significantly less concern and more support for BWCs than those at the officer level after implementation. These results are discussed in the context of the importance of officer support and buy-in for BWCs. Policy suggestions and future directions are also discussed.

Understanding the Impact of Information Literacy Instruction: A Multi-Method Approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Gross ◽  
Don Latham
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Formal Evaluation ◽  
Information Literacy Instruction ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Multiple Interventions

This presentation summarizes the formal evaluation of an intervention developed for students who test as below proficient in information literacy. Findings demonstrate that the intervention can improve skills, but that the recalibration of self-views of ability and the attainment of competence is a complex problem that may require multiple interventions to be fully achieved.Cette communication résume l’évaluation formelle d’une intervention conçue pour les étudiants qui font preuve d’un manque de compétence informationnelle. Les résultats démontrent que l’intervention peut améliorer les compétences, mais que la recalibration de l’autoperception de la capacité et l’atteinte des compétences est un problème complexe qui nécessite de multiples interventions pour être pleinement corrigé.

Holocene vegetation, climate and human impact in steppes around Lake Sevan (Armenia) based on a multiproxy approach: Pollen, NPPs and brGDGTs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Robles ◽  
Odile Peyron ◽  
Elisabetta Brugiapaglia ◽  
Guillemette Ménot ◽  
Lucas Dugerdil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Lake Sevan ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiproxy Approach ◽  
Method Approach

<p>In the Caucasus Mountains, the role of human influences and climate changes on steppes expansion over the Holocene is still discussed because this region is poorly documented. This study investigates (1) modern pollen-vegetation relationships in Armenia and (2) changes in vegetation, human activity and climate in the Holocene record of Vanevan peat (south-eastern shore of Lake Sevan) located in Armenia. The last 9700 years are recorded in the Vanevan core. We used a multiproxy approach including XRF, Pollen, Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (NPPs) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) to reconstruct changes in vegetation, human impact and climate. The combination of these proxies is innovative and aims to distinguish the impact of human activities and climate change on vegetation. Modern pollen assemblages from semi-desert/steppe regions of Armenia show an abundance of Chenopodiaceae while meadows steppes, subalpine and alpine meadows are dominated by Poaceae. The Holocene vegetation at Vanevan is characterized by steppes dominated by Poaceae, <em>Artemisia</em> and Chenopodiaceae. However, several arboreal taxa, such as <em>Quercus, Betula, Carpinus betulus</em> and <em>Ulmus</em>, are more developed on slopes between 8600 and 5100 cal BP. Regarding the human impact, the presence of agriculture is attested since 5200 cal BP, largely increases during the last 2000 years cal BP (high percentages of <em>Cerealia</em>-type pollen) and correlates with the occupation periods reported in archeological studies. Palaeoclimate changes at Vanevan are estimated from (1) water level changes (2) temperature reconstructions based on brGDGTs (3) climate reconstructions based on pollen (through a multi-method approach: Modern Analogue Technique, Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares regression, Random Forest, and Boosted Regression Trees). Climate reconstructions based on pollen and brGDGTs are rare and the multi-method approach using pollen data is innovative in the region. The results of Vanevan give evidence of high temperatures from 7900 to 5100 cal BP and arid events at 6000, 5000-4500 and 4200 cal BP, in agreement with other regional records.</p>

scholarly journals How Do People Cycle in Amsterdam, Netherlands?: Estimating Cyclists’ Route Choice Determinants with GPS Data from an Urban Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 2662 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique Ton ◽  
Oded Cats ◽  
Dorine Duives ◽  
Serge Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cycle Path

Nowadays, the bicycle is seen as a sustainable and healthy substitute for the car in urban environments. The Netherlands is the leading country in bicycle use, especially in urban environments. Yet route choice models featuring inner-city travel that includes cyclists are lacking. This study estimated a cyclists’ route choice model for the inner city of Amsterdam, Netherlands, on the basis of 3,045 trips collected with GPS data. The main contribution of this study was the construction of the choice set with an empirical approach, which used only the observed trips in the data set to compose the choice alternatives. The findings suggested that cyclists were insensitive to separate cycle paths in Amsterdam, a city characterized by a dense cycle path network in which cycling was the most prominent mode of travel. In addition, cyclists were found to minimize travel distance and the number of intersections per kilometer. The impact of distance on route choice increased during the morning peak when schedule constraints were more prevalent. Furthermore, overlapping routes were more likely to be chosen by cyclists, everything else being the same.

scholarly journals Representative Group Styles: How Ally Immigrant Rights Organizations Promote Immigrant Involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Yukich ◽  
Brad R Fulton ◽  
Richard L Wood
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Immigrant Rights ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractWhy are some organizations more successful than others at involving socially diverse groups of people? Previous research emphasizes the role representative leaders play in recruiting diverse constituencies. This study extends that research by analyzing how an organization’s group style—its customs that shape everyday interactions—influences constituent involvement by either bridging or reinforcing social divides. Our multi-method approach examines ally immigrant rights organizations to assess the relationship between their group styles and their ability to involve immigrants. Ethnographic data reveal that divergent levels of immigrant involvement in two organizations can be explained by differences in the organizations’ group styles—specifically, differences in their religious, class-based, and linguistic practices. Original survey data from a national sample of ally organizations demonstrate the generalizability of our findings. Our analysis shows how having an immigrant-friendly group style can promote immigrant involvement, indicating that an organization’s style is associated with its social composition. Having representative leaders from immigrant groups, though positively associated with immigrant involvement, is insufficient for sustaining immigrant involvement; group style can moderate the effect of having representative leaders. This research suggests that organizations seeking to recruit and retain a diverse social base could benefit from cultivating a representative group style.

scholarly journals The Effective Use of RRI Teaching Methods on a CSR Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Ágnes Zsóka ◽  
Katalin Ásványi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Preference Order ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

Teaching with RRI methods makes a difference. This paper aims to evaluate the application of RRI tools in a CSR course. A course is considered effective when objectives, targeted skills, competences, and expected learning outcomes are communicated and reached. The focus of this research is understanding the impact of a specific international blocked course on the social and environmental sensitivity of students through the application of a mixed-method approach. Q-methodology was used to measure the preferences of students before and after the course regarding their individual behaviour and expectations towards companies. Interviews were conducted after the course to assess individual perceptions about the course and its teaching methods. Results suggest that the RRI approach in teaching is clearly appreciated by students, and its effectiveness is estimated as high. Changes in responsibility-related preference order reflect stronger and weaker impacts alike, helping identify effective RRI tools for teaching, as well as opportunities for further improvement.

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