scholarly journals Internal and External Factors’ Influence on Recycling: Insights From a Laboratory Experiment With Observed Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Linder ◽  
Sonny Rosenthal ◽  
Patrik Sörqvist ◽  
Stephan Barthel
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Choice Context ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Spatial Positioning

Internal psychological factors, such as intentions and personal norms, are central predictors of pro-environmental behavior in many theoretical models, whereas the influence from external factors such as the physical environment is seldom considered. Even rarer is studying how internal factors interact with the physical context in which decisions take place. In the current study, we addressed the relative influence and interaction of psychological and environmental factors on pro-environmental behavior. A laboratory experiment presented participants (N = 399) with a choice to dispatch a used plastic cup in a recycling or general waste bin after participating in a staged “yogurt taste test.” Results showed how the spatial positioning of bins explained more than half of the variance in recycling behavior whilst self-reported recycling intentions were not related to which bin they used. Rinsing cups (to reduce contamination) before recycling, on the other hand, was related to both behavioral intention and external factors. These results show that even seemingly small differences in a choice context can influence how well internal psychological factors predict behavior and how aspects of the physical environment can assist the alignment of behavior and intentions, as well as steering behavior regardless of motivation.

Force Evaluation of Tendon Routing for Underactuated Grasping

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Angus B. Clark ◽  
Lois Liow ◽  
Nicolas Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Force Vectors

Abstract While the modelling analysis of the kinetostatic behaviour of underactuated tendon-driven robotic fingers has been largely addressed in the literature, tendon routing is often not considered by these theoretical models. Tendon routing path plays a fundamental role in defining joint torques, and subsequently the force vectors produced by the phalanxes. However, dynamic tendon behaviour is difficult to predict and is influenced by many external factors including tendon friction, the shape of the grasped object, the initial pose of the fingers, and finger contact points. In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of the force performance of nine fingers, with different tendon routing configurations. We use the concept of force-isotropy, in which forces are equal and distributed on each phalanx as the optimum condition for an adaptive grasp. Our results show only some of the finger designs surveyed exhibited a partial adaptive behaviour, showing distributed force for the proximal and distal phalanxes throughout grasping cycles, while other routings resulted in only a single finger remaining in contact with the object.

scholarly journals Black managers' career advancement in a multicultural society

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronel Erwee
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Black Managers ◽  
Systems View

The career progression of black managers in white dominated organizations in South Africa, as has been the case in the United States, has not been rapid. However, a number of different variables in each of the two countries account for this common trend. The various theoretical models which seem to be underlying South African research i.e. physical- environment theories, the cultural hypothesis, personologist approaches and the organizational systems view, are discussed and contrasted.Opsomming Soos in Amerika, toon swart bestuurders in blank-beheerde ondernemings in Suid-Afrika, nie 'n besonder snelle loopbaanvordering nie. Die gemeenskaplike tendens word egter deur verskillende faktore in die twee lande veroorsaak. Die onderskeie teoretiese modelle waarop Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing gebaseer is, naamlik fisiese omgewingsteoriee, kulturele hipoteses, 'n personologie-benadering, en organisatoriese sisteemteorie, word bespreek en gekontrasteer.

Interaction of Psychological and Sociological Factors in Political Behavior

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else Frenkel-Brunswik
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
The Individual

The theoretical models developed to deal with the interaction of sociological and psychological factors in the formation of political behavior indicate a wide divergence of opinion. At one extreme area group of scientists, mainly psychiatrists and anthropologists, who see most social phenomena as deriving from the subjective experiences of the individual. The specific traumata inherent in different methods of upbringing and in the resulting renunciations imposed upon the child are regarded by them as the formative basis for customs, religions, social attitudes, and so forth. Some specific examples of their point of view may be found in attempts to explain war as an expression of the destructive instincts, or capitalism as a manifestation of the anal syndrome. But at the other extreme are proponents of the view that the social structure is independent of the single individual and that individual behavior can be explained and predicted in terms of membership in classes and groups as they have developed historically, mainly on the basis of mode of subsistence.Failing to agree with either of these extreme points of view, one may argue that any speculation about the causal interrelation of sociological and psychological factors in the group and in the individual must recognize the fact that these factors have been artificially isolated and abstracted and that no exclusive factual primacy can be given to any of the aspects in a pattern so closely interwoven.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors of Multiple Debt Repayment Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gagarina ◽  
T. Goroshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Debt Repayment

The article presents a review of the literature and the results of an empirical study of strategies for repayment of multiple debts in a laboratory experiment and their connection with the personality traits of the respondents (N = 348). The main strategies of debt repayment are identified - Rational, Semi-rational, Aversive, Distributive, Chaotic and Ignoring of small numbers. The smallest group in the empirical study is the group of respondents with Rational strategy. Respondents of all the groups, except Rational, were compared among themselves on personal characteristics. Respondents with the Semi-rational strategy, in contrast to respondents with other strategies, demonstrate a greater propensity for risk. An Aversive strategy is characterised by a tendency to reduce the number of debts and is demonstrated by respondents when performing various tasks. Respondents with a Chaotic strategy made multiple mistakes in the simulation and, in comparison with all other respondents, are less open to new experience. Respondents with a strategy for paying off debts Ignoring small numbers turned out to be more benevolent than Chaotic respondents and respondents with the Close to rational strategy.

scholarly journals Resistance to Change and Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles: Empirical evidence from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Gia Ninh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Need For Uniqueness

On the grounds that psychological factors are increasingly used to better explain the purchase intention of customers towards electric vehicles (EVs), this study aims to examine the critical but less explored roles of resistance to change and the need for uniqueness in the purchase intention of EVs besides other conventional factors such as perceived value or personal norms. In doing so, this study would help governments and managers introduce effective measures to persuade customers to change from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to EVs. Data was collected from 175 respondents in Vietnam and PLS-SEM was utilized to analyze the theoretical model. The results illustrate that resistance to change has a significant impact on the purchase intention of EVs. In addition, perceived value has the most significant effects on willingness to pay and purchase intention of EVs. The need for uniqueness also impacts purchase intention through the willingness to pay.

scholarly journals Analysis Factors Related to Behaviour among Madurese Mothers with Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Taqiyatul Izzah ◽  
Mira Triharini ◽  
Retnanyu Pradanie
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Low Rate

Introduction: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low. Internal and external factors mother can cause a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding. This also happens because of the belief and traditional factors that can inhibit exclusive breastfeeding for babies. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of psychological factors, family support, and socio-culture with the behaviour of Madurese ethnic mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.Methods: This study used descriptive-analytical with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample collected 100 respondents with nonprobability sampling method is purposive sampling.Results: There was a moderate correlation between family support (p= 0.000; r = 0.373) and socio-culture (p= 0.000; r = 0.396) with the behaviour of Madurese ethnic mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. The analysis showed no relation between psychological factors and the behaviour of Madurese ethnic mothers in exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.071; r= 0.181).Conclusion: The Behaviour of Madurese ethnic mothers in exclusive breastfeeding in The Sidotopo Wetan Community Health Center, Surabaya, was related to family support and socio-culture. So, the research can be used as this information to optimize factors that increase exclusive breastfeeding behaviour.

scholarly journals Normative Influences on Adolescents’ Self-Reported Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Role of Parents and Friends

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Collado ◽  
Henk Staats ◽  
Patricia Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Role Of Parents

Pro-environmental behavioral patterns are influenced by relevant others’ actions and expectations. Studies about the intergenerational transmission of environmentalism have demonstrated that parents play a major role in their children’s pro-environmental actions. However, little is known about how other social agents may shape youth’s environmentalism. This cross-sectional study concentrates on the role that parents and peers have in the regulation of 12- to 19-year-olds’ pro-environmental behaviors. We also consider the common response bias effect by examining the associations between parents, peers, and adolescents’ pro-environmentalism in two independent data sets. Data Set 1 ( N = 330) includes adolescents’ perceptions of relevant others’ behaviors. Data Set 2 ( N = 152) includes relevant others’ self-reported pro-environmental behavior. Our results show that parents’ and peers’ descriptive and injunctive norms have a direct effect on adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior and an indirect one, through personal norms. Adolescents seem to be accurate in the perception of their close ones’ environmental actions.

What does sport psychology have to offer interpreting?

Babel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
Ildikó Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Control

Abstract Sports psychology has a great deal of potential for interpreting and interpreter training, as stress seems to be one of the major psychological factors influencing an interpreter’s professional behaviour. A competitive sports situation is similar to an interpreting assignment, as both are characterized by the need of the performers, the athlete or the interpreter to achieve. They cannot escape from the situation, and they need to achieve what they have undertaken to do. Their performance on the day depends on external and internal factors that they need to control efficiently. Stress is and has for some time been a widely-researched topic in interpreting studies, as it seems to be a fact of life for interpreters. Stress research in interpreting has, however, focused mainly on the external factors influencing an interpreter’s performance. This paper presents an outline of sports psychology and reviews the literature on the psychology of stress. It then presents research conducted on stress in the context of interpreting. Finally, it examines how we can help our students cope with stress and control the internal factors influencing their performance as interpreters.

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