scholarly journals Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Evidence From Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka ◽  
Hans Hämäläinen ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
Changes Over Time

Evolutionary theory posits that grandparents can increase their inclusive fitness by investing in their grandchildren. This study explored whether the transition to retirement affected the amount of grandchild care that European grandparents provided to their descendants. Data from five waves of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe collected between 2004 and 2015 from 15 countries were used. We executed within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models, which considered individual variations and person-specific changes over time. It was detected that transition to retirement was associated with increased grandchild care among both grandmothers and grandfathers. However, the effect of retirement was stronger for grandfathers than for grandmothers. Moreover, transition to retirement was associated with increased grandchild care among both maternal and paternal grandparents, but there was no significant difference between lineages in the magnitude of the effect of transition to retirement on grandchild care. In public debate retirees are often considered a burden to society but the present study indicated that when grandparents retire, their investment in grandchildren increased. The findings are discussed with reference to key evolutionary theories that consider older adults' tendency to invest time and resources in their grandchildren.

scholarly journals Does Transition to Retirement Promote Grandchild Care? Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka ◽  
Hans Hämäläinen ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
First Time

Grandparental child care is an important form of intergenerational support. Thisarticle explored first time whether the transition to retirement affects the amount of grandchildcare that European grandparents provide to their descendants. The association between entryinto retirement and grandchild care was studied using the longitudinal Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe conducted in 16 countries and four regimes: SouthernEurope, Central Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe. Data collected in five wavesbetween 2004 and 2015 were utilized. We ran panel fixed-effect regression models, whichconsider individual’s variation and person-specific changes over time, providing a test forcausality in the associations between retirement and grandchild care. Transition to retirementwas associated with increased grandchild care among both grandmothers and grandfathers.Grandmothers more often looked after grandchildren than grandfathers, but entry intoretirement increased grandchild care more among grandfathers than grandmothers. Transitionto retirement was associated with increased grandchild care in all parts of Europe, but themagnitude of the effect was strongest in Southern Europe, followed by Northern Europe,Central Europe, and Eastern Europe, respectively. This study indicated that when the roleconflict as grandchild caregivers and employees disappears, the amount of grandchild careolder Europeans provide to their descendants increased. The fact that at retirement older adultshave more time resources to provide informal family support should be carefully acknowledgein policymaking and discussions considering the societal role of older people.

scholarly journals Does transition to retirement increase frequence of volunteering: Findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O Tanskanen ◽  
Hans Hämäläinen ◽  
Bruno Arpino ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Older Europeans ◽  
Over Time

Objectives Several studies have shown that retired older adults volunteer more than their working counterparts. However, there is a lack of research detecting whether the transition to retirement increases the frequency of volunteering over time and the extent to which this potential effect of retirement varies between sociodemographic groups.Methods We used seven waves of data from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected between 2011 and 2018 from 19 countries. Within-person (or panel fixed-effect) regression models, which considered individual variations and person-specific changes over time, were conducted.Results Transition to retirement over time was associated with an increased frequency of volunteering among older Europeans. In addition, transition to retirement was more strongly associated with volunteering in countries with higher overall rates of volunteering, among more highly educated individuals, and among more religious people.Discussion Our findings supported the impact of time substitution and the centrality of social norms in shaping individual behavior. However, we were unable to find support for an influence of social tie replacement. Overall, transition to retirement tends to open up new ways to organize everyday life and increases the time spent volunteering among older Europeans.

Effect of Fixed Minidose Warfarin, Conventional Dose Warfarin and Aspirin on INR and Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2 in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0845-0848 ◽  
Author(s):  
B G Koefoed ◽  
C Feddersen ◽  
A L Gulløv ◽  
P Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prothrombin Fragment ◽  
Conventional Dose ◽  
Dose Warfarin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

SummaryThe efficacy of conventional dose adjusted oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation is well- documented but not considered ideal as primary antithrombotic treatment in elderly patients. The antithrombotic effect of fixed minidose warfarin 1.25 mg/day alone or in combination with aspirin 300 mg/day, of conventional dose adjusted warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0), and of aspirin 300 mg/day have been investigated in outpatients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin and Anticoagulant Therapy Study (AFASAK 2). In order to investigate the effect on the coagulation system of the treatments, the International Normalized Ratio of the prothrombin time (INR) and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 +2) were monitored at baseline and after three months of treatment in 100 patients consecutively included in the trial. At baseline no differences in INR and F1+2 between the four treatment groups were present. After three months of therapy the level of INR increased significantly from baseline in patients receiving warfarin in any dose and the level of F1+2 decreased significantly by combined minidose warfarin-aspirin and by dose adjusted warfarin. When comparing the changes over time in FI +2 (three-month value minus baseline value) during therapy with fixed minidose warfarin, combined minidose warfarin-aspirin and aspirin alone no significant difference between the groups was found. In conclusion, INR was changed by all three warfarin regimens but only dose adjusted warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0) had a marked effect on F1+2.

scholarly journals Association of Calcium Supplementation During Pregnancy with the Birth Weight of Single-Born Neonates in Rural Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1106-1106
Author(s):  
Gao Xiangyu ◽  
Mi Baibing ◽  
Dang Shaonong ◽  
Yan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Birth Weight Percentile ◽  
Weight Percentile

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy with the birth weight of single-born neonates. Methods The survey employed a multistage, stratified and random sampling to investigate 15–49 aged pregnant women in 2010 to 2013 in Shaanxi province. A self - designed questionnaire was utilized. Birth weight between the 10(th) and 90(th) percentile was classified as appropriate for gestational age(AGA) infants. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association of calcium supplementation with single-born neonatal birth weight. Results A total of 28,490 women was enrolled in this study, 17 349 (60.9%) of participants had calcium supplementation during pregnancy. The incidence rates of small and large gestational age infants were 13.5% and 8.3%, respectively. The study conducted that calcium supplementation had a statistically significant difference in SGA (birth weight percentile <10) (P < 0.01). After adjusting the regression models by confounding factors, we found that calcium supplementation was still protective towards SGA birth, the difference was statistically significant (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.96, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the birth to LGA (birth weight percentile <10). Conclusions Calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of SGA, but was not associated with the birth of LGA. Funding Sources

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on the Lipid Profile of Patients with Sjögren Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail P. Migkos ◽  
Theodora E. Markatseli ◽  
Chrisoula Iliou ◽  
Paraskevi V. Voulgari ◽  
Alexandros A. Drosos
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

Objective.Many studies have highlighted the hypolipidemic action of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). We investigated the effect of HCQ on the lipid profile of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS).Methods.The present retrospective observational study included 71 female patients with SS treated with HCQ. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and atherogenic index (TC/HDL) were measured at baseline, after 6 months, and 1, 3, and 5 years after initiation of HCQ treatment. Analysis to investigate changes over time was performed in the entire patient group and in the separate subgroups: those receiving (21 patients) and those not receiving (50 patients) hypolipidemic treatment.Results.For the entire group of patients a statistically significant decrease in TC was noted (levels before treatment 220 ± 41 mg/dl, and at 5 yrs 206 ± 32 mg/dl, p = 0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of HDL (57 ± 14 mg/dl vs 67 ± 17 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). Patients not receiving a hypolipidemic agent during the same period demonstrated a decrease in TC (214 ± 40 mg/dl vs 208 ± 34 mg/dl, p = 0.049), an increase in HDL levels (55 ± 15 mg/dl vs 67 ± 18 mg/dl, p < 0.001), and a decrease in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients receiving hypolipidemic treatment, the respective changes in their lipid profile were not significant in the first years but became significant in the long term.Conclusion.Use of HCQ in patients with SS was related to a statistically significant decrease in TC, an increase in HDL, and improvement in the atherogenic index.

Acute Effects of Pedaling Cadence at Low Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Weili Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTo examine the acute influence of pedaling cadence on arterial stiffness in young men, 15 healthy men (21.8±0.4 years) underwent 3 trials in self-control crossover design: non-cycling control (CON), cycling at 60 (RPM60) and 90 rounds per min (RPM90). Cycling lasted 30 min at intensity of 35% heart rate reserve. Arterial stiffness in cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured at baseline (BL), immediately after (0 min) and 40 min after cycling. There were no significant CAVI changes over time in CON. CAVI in RPM60 decreased immediately after exercise and returned to baseline afterwards (6.1±0.2, 5.6±0.2 and 6.0±0.2 at BL, 0 and 40 min, respectively). RPM90 elicited significant CAVI reduction from 6.2±0.2 at BL to 5.5±0.2 at 0 min, and reverted to 5.7±0.1 at 40 min, maintaining significant difference to its baseline. There was no significant CAVI difference between RPM60 and CON, whereas CAVI in RPM90 was significantly lower than that in CON at 0 min (5.5±0.2 vs 6.1±0.2, P<0.01) and 40 min (5.7±0.1 vs 6.3±0.1, P<0.05). Despite equivalent exercise volume, arterial stiffness improvement induced by cycling was influenced by pedaling cadence. Higher cadence resulted in superior effect on arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Are Entrepreneurs More Likely to Be Obese?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Wang ◽  
Xueling Qu ◽  
Haitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Mcmc Method ◽  
Bayesian Mcmc ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
National Health Care

Background: Entrepreneurs not only promote a nation’s economic growth but also increase employment. The risk of obesity among entrepreneurs may bring heavy economic burdens not only to the entrepreneurs but also to the national health care system. We aimed to examine the association between entrepreneurship and the risk of obesity. Methods: We utilized data from the 2015 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, including 2,802 individuals aged between 45 and 65 with complete data. This study used BMI (Body Mass Index) (kg/m2 ) as an indicator of obesity risk. Entrepreneurs were defined as those respondents who run their own businesses as main jobs. We used multivariate OLS regression models and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to examine the link of entrepreneurship and obesity risk. Results: The multivariate OLS regression results showed that entrepreneurship was positively associated with BMI (P<0.01). The Bayesian MCMC results indicated that the posterior mean was (0.597, 90% HPD CI: 0.319, 0.897), demonstrating that entrepreneurship was indeed significantly positively associated with the risk of obesity. Conclusion: Being an entrepreneur is positively associated with the risk of obesity. As obesity can cause diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, the health departments should take necessary health interventions to prevent entrepreneurs from being obese in order to increase their entrepreneurial success.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

scholarly journals MR Imaging of Intra- and Periarticular Cyst-Like Lesions of the Knee Joint in Workers with Occupational Kneeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Rytter ◽  
Lilli Kirkeskov Jensen ◽  
Jens Peter Bonde ◽  
Niels Egund
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Popliteus Tendon ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluid Collections

Objective. To determine the risk of intra- and periarticular cyst-like lesions of the knee joint in occupational kneeling.Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging of both knees (n=282) was conducted in 92 male floor layers and 49 male graphic designers (referents), with a mean age of 55.6 years (range 42–70 years). The prevalence of cyst-like lesions was computed among floor layers and graphic designers, respectively, and associations with occupation summarized by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using logistic regression, models were adjusted for age, body mass index, knee injuries, and knee-straining sports.Results. Floor layers had a significantly higher prevalence of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint compared to graphic designers (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.50–4.84). Floor layers also had a higher prevalence of fluid collections in the popliteus tendon recess (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99–4.77) and large cystic lesions of the popliteus muscle (OR 3.83, 95% CI 0.78–18.89). The prevalence of cystic lesions in the anterior part of the knee joint was low among floor layers (8.7%) and there was no significant difference between the two trade groups (P=0.34).Conclusions. Occupational kneeling increases the risk of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint.

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