scholarly journals Why True Believers Make the Ultimate Sacrifice: Sacred Values, Moral Convictions, or Identity Fusion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Alexi Martel ◽  
Michael Buhrmester ◽  
Angel Gómez ◽  
Alexandra Vázquez ◽  
William B. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Personal Gain ◽  
Moral Compass ◽  
Abortion Rights ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Extreme Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Life ◽  
Moral Convictions

Recent research has identified three promising candidates for predicting extreme behavior: sacred values, moral convictions, and identity fusion. Each construct is thought to motivate extreme behavior in unique ways: Sacred values trigger extreme actions when people are asked to compromise cause-related values for personal gain; moral convictions trigger extreme actions when a cause is aligned with one’s moral compass; and identity fusion triggers extreme actions when a cause is inextricably associated (“fused”) with the personal self. In six studies, we asked which of the three constructs (either alone or in combination) was most predictive of sacrifice for a cause. We measured all three constructs with respect to either of two causes: gun rights (Studies 1–3) or abortion rights (4–6). The outcome measure was endorsement of fighting and dying for the cause. Although all three constructs were significant predictors of the outcome measure when considered separately, identity fusion consistently emerged as the strongest predictor of endorsement of self-sacrifice when all three were considered simultaneously. This pattern occurred regardless of the target cause (gun or abortion rights), the participant’s position on the cause (i.e., pro-gun or anti-gun, pro-choice, or pro-life), or nationality (American vs. Spanish). Also, there was no evidence that the predictors interacted to predict the outcome measure. Finally, a manipulation that threatened the validity of the personal self strengthened the relationship between endorsement of self-sacrifice and both (a) identity fusion and (b) moral convictions. The latter finding suggests that threats to the validity of one’s self-views may amplify the extreme behaviors of true believers.

What do I gain from joining crowds? Does self-expansion help to explain the relationship between identity fusion, group efficacy and collective action?

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. O152-O167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Besta ◽  
Michał Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka ◽  
Rafał Lawendowski ◽  
Anna Maria Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Individual- and area-level predictors of self-harm repetition

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Johnston ◽  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Roger Webb ◽  
Navneet Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Ecological Associations ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundNo ecological studies have examined the relationship between area characteristics, individual characteristics and self-harm repetition.AimsTo investigate the association between area-level factors and incidence and repetition of self-harm, and to identify which area-level factors are independently associated with repetition after adjustment for individual factors.MethodProspective cohort study using the Manchester Self-Harm database. Adults who were resident in Manchester and presented to an emergency department following self-harm between 1997 and 2002 were included (n=4743). The main outcome measure was repeat self-harm within 6 months of the index episode.ResultsFour individual factors (previous self-harm, previous psychiatric treatment, employment status, marital status) and one area-based factor (proportion of individuals who were of White ethnicity) were independently associated with repetition.ConclusionsRepetition of self-harm may be more strongly related to individual factors than to area characteristics. We need to better understand the processes underlying ecological associations with suicidal behaviour before embarking on area-based interventions.

scholarly journals Let Others Buy First: Identity Fusion Buffers the Effect of COVID-19 Phobia on Panic Buying Behavior From an Economic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Tai Seih ◽  
Vi Thanh Tra ◽  
Marketa Lepicovsky ◽  
Yi-Ying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths, resulting in the development of COVID-19 phobia. To prevent getting COVID-19, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in many countries encourage people to protect themselves via several strategies, such as wearing face masks or using sanitizers when washing hands. However, at times, such supplies for preventing COVID-19 are limited. In this study, we examine the relationship between COVID-19 phobia and panic buying behavior from an economic perspective and test if identity fusion plays a buffering role for this phenomenon. Data was collected from September 4th to November 1st in 2020 across three countries (the United States, Germany, and Taiwan). A self-report measure of panic buying behavior was developed and culturally cross-validated. Moderation analyses were conducted focusing on the study objectives. Results show that the economic factor in COVID-19 phobia predicts panic buying behavior, and this effect is buffered by identity fusion. It is worthy to note that this buffering effect emerged only in the Taiwanese sample, not in the American or German samples. Implications of identity fusion theory in human behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Plasma Free Cortisol in States of Normal and Altered Binding Globulins: Implications for Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4827-4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Dichtel ◽  
Melanie Schorr ◽  
Claudia Loures de Assis ◽  
Elizabeth M Rao ◽  
Jessica K Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Cortisol ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Operator Curve

Abstract Context Accurate diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is critical because there are risks associated with overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Data using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) free cortisol (FC) assays in states of high or low cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) levels, including cirrhosis, critical illness, and oral estrogen use, are needed. Design Cross-sectional. Objective Determine the relationship between CBG and albumin as well as total cortisol (TC) and FC in states of normal and abnormal CBG. Establish the FC level by LC/MS/MS that best predicts TC of <18 μg/dL (497 nmol/L) (standard adrenal insufficiency diagnostic cutoff) in healthy individuals. Subjects This study included a total of 338 subjects in four groups: healthy control (HC) subjects (n = 243), patients with cirrhosis (n = 38), intensive care unit patients (ICU) (n = 26), and oral contraceptive (OCP) users (n = 31). Main Outcome Measure(s) FC and TC by LC/MS/MS, albumin by spectrophotometry, and CBG by ELISA. Results TC correlated with FC in the ICU (R = 0.91), HC (R = 0.90), cirrhosis (R = 0.86), and OCP (R = 0.70) groups (all P < 0.0001). In receiver operator curve analysis in the HC group, FC of 0.9 μg/dL (24.8 nmol/L) predicted TC of <18 μg/dL (497 nmol/L; 98% sensitivity, 91% specificity; AUC, 0.98; P < 0.0001). Decreasing the cutoff to 0.7 μg/dL led to a small decrease in sensitivity (92%) with similar specificity (91%). Conclusions A cutoff FC of <0.9 μg/dL (25 nmol/L) in this LC/MS/MS assay predicts TC of <18 μg/dL (497 nmol/L) with excellent sensitivity and specificity. This FC cutoff may be helpful in ruling out adrenal insufficiency in patients with binding globulin derangements.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of the relationship between systolic blood pressure variability and multiple sclerosis disability

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myla D Goldman ◽  
Seulgi Min ◽  
Jennifer M Lobo ◽  
Min-Woong Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability and patient-reported outcome measure of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.DesignA retrospective cohort study of individuals with MS who completed a patient-determined disease steps (PDDS) scale between 2011 and 2015 at an MS specialty clinic.ParticipantsIndividuals with MS for whom both a completed PDDS scale and ≥3 SBP measures within the prior 12 months of the survey were available.Main outcome measureParticipants were grouped into three classes of disability (no or mild (PDDS 0–1), moderate (2–3), severe (4–7)). SBP variability was calculated as within-subject SD using all SBP measures taken during the past 12 months. SBP variability was analysed by Tertile groups.ResultsNinety-two subjects were included in this analysis. Mean PDDS score was 2.22±1.89. Compared with subjects in Tertile 1 (lowest variability), the odds of being in a higher disability group was 3.5 times higher (OR=3.48; 95% CI: 1.08 to 11.25; p=0.037) in Tertile 2 and 5.2 times higher (OR=5.19; 95% CI: 1.53 to 17.61; p=0.008) in Tertile 3 (highest variability), independent of mean SBP, age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index and comorbidities (p for trend=0.008). Mean PDDS scores were 1.52±1.18 in Tertile 1, 2.73±1.02 in Tertile 2 and 2.42±0.89 in Tertile 3 after adjusting for the same covariates.ConclusionsOur results show a significant gradient relationship between SBP variability and MS-related disability. More research is needed to determine the underlying pathophysiological relationship between SBP variability and MS disability progression.

Abortion Politics and the Decline of the Separation of Church and State: The Southern Baptist Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Southern Baptist ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Southern Baptist Convention ◽  
Establishment Clause ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Abortion Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ardent Supporter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Life

AbstractBetween the late 1970s and early 1990s, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) altered its First Amendment advocacy, shifting from being an ardent supporter of the strict separation of church and state to being a champion of the government accommodation of religion. At the same time, the denomination also became unswervingly pro-life. In this article, I use the SBC case to identify a previously under-analyzed link between abortion politics and church-state politics. I suggest that pro-life politics played an important role in the SBC's shift away from the separation of church and state. I focus on three areas where abortion politics aided this shift: (1) opposing separationists’ assertions that anti-abortion policies violated the Establishment Clause; (2) becoming allies rather than foes with Catholics; and (3) promoting a greater emphasis on the free exercise of religion. I conclude by discussing the implications for the relationship between religion, law, and politics.

Upper-Extremity Physical-Performance Tests in College Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Taylor ◽  
Alexis A. Wright ◽  
James M. Smoliga ◽  
J. Tyler DePew ◽  
Eric J. Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Division I ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Screening Battery ◽  
Division I Athletes ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Physical-performance tests (PPTs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and injury-prevention settings, yet normative values of upper-extremity PPTs have not been established in high-level athletes.Objective:To establish normative data values for the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) and Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) in college athletes and compare results between sports and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests.Design:Observational.Setting:Laboratory/athletic facility.Participants:257 (118 male, 139 female) Division I athletes participating in basketball, soccer, baseball, lacrosse, volleyball, track and field, and cross-country.Intervention:CKCUEST and UQYBT scores were recorded as part of a comprehensive injury-risk screening battery.Main Outcome Measure:Pearson correlations assessed the relationship between all measures of the CKCUEST and UQYBT. A factorial ANOVA and a repeated-measures ANOVA (arm dominance) were used to assess interactions between sex, year in school, and sport for CKCUEST and UQYBT scores.Results:Normative values for the CKCUEST and UQYBT were established for 9 men’s and women’s college sports. No significant relationships were found between PPT scores. Men scored significantly higher than women for the CKCUEST (P = .002) and UQYBT (P = .010). Baseball players scored significantly higher than athletes from all other sports for the UQYBT (P < .001) but showed nonsignificant trends of lower scores for the CKCUEST than lower-extremity-dominant athletes such as runners (P = .063) and lacrosse players (P = .058).Conclusions:Results suggest that average CKCUEST and UQYBT scores in Division I athletes are distinct from those previously reported in recreationally active populations and that performance differences exist between sexes and sports. In addition, the CKCUEST and UQYBT appear to measure different constructs of performance and may complement each other as part of a screening battery.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity and mortality in an older, rural black South African population cohort with high prevalence of HIV findings from the HAALSI Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e047777
Author(s):  
Alisha N Wade ◽  
Collin F Payne ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Angela Chang ◽  
F Xavier Gómez-Olivé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
African Population ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesMultimorbidity is associated with mortality in high-income countries. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between multimorbidity (≥2 of the following chronic medical conditions: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, anaemia, HIV, angina, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol dependence) and all-cause mortality in an older, rural black South African population. We further investigated the relationship between HIV multimorbidity (HIV as part of the multimorbidity cluster) and mortality, while testing for the effect of frailty in all models.DesignPopulation cohort study.SettingAgincourt subdistrict of Mpumalanga province, South Africa.Participants4455 individuals (54.7% female), aged ≥40 years (median age 61 years, IQR 52–71) and resident in the study area.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was time to death and the secondary outcome measure was likelihood of death within 2 years of the initial study visit. Mortality was determined during annual population surveillance updates.Results3157 individuals (70.9%) had multimorbidity; 29% of these had HIV. In models adjusted for age and sociodemographic factors, multimorbidity was associated with greater risk of death (women: HR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.50; men: HR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.95) and greater odds of dying within 2 years (women: OR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.32 to 4.16; men: OR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.24). HIV multimorbidity was associated with increased risk of death compared with non-HIV multimorbidity in men (HR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.54), but was not statistically significant in women (HR 1.85; 95% CI: 0.85 to 4.04); when detectable, HIV viral loads were higher in men (p=0.021). Further adjustment for frailty slightly attenuated the associations between multimorbidity and mortality risk (women: HR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.26; men: HR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.82), but slightly increased associations between HIV multimorbidity and mortality risk.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is associated with mortality in this older black South African population. Health systems which currently focus on HIV should be reorganised to optimise identification and management of other prevalent chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Mobile App to Enhance Relational Awareness and Change During Cognitive Analytic Therapy: Mixed Methods Case Series

10.2196/19888 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e19888
Author(s):  
Stephen Kellett ◽  
Katherine Easton ◽  
Martin Cooper ◽  
Abigail Millings ◽  
Melanie Simmonds-Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analytic Therapy ◽  
Evaluation Outcome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Analytic Therapy

Background There has been a lack of technological innovation regarding improving the delivery of integrative psychotherapies. This project sought to evaluate an app designed to replace previous paper-based methods supporting relational awareness and change during cognitive analytic therapy (CAT). Objective We aimed to assess patients’ and therapists’ experience of using the technology (ie, the “CAT-App”) and to evaluate the relationship between app usage and clinical outcome. Methods The design was a mixed methods case series. Patients completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure pre- and post-CAT. Mood data plus the frequency and effectiveness of relational awareness and change were collected via the app. Therapists and patients were interviewed about their experiences using the app. Results Ten patients (treated by 3 therapists) were enrolled; seven completed treatment and 4 had a reliable improvement in their mental health. App usage and mood change did not differ according to clinical outcome, but there was a statistically significant difference in app usage between completers and dropouts. The qualitative themes described by the therapists were (1) the challenge of incorporating the technology into their clinical practice and (2) the barriers and benefits of the technology. Clients’ themes were (1) data protection, (2) motivation and engagement, and (3) restrictions versus flexibility. Conclusions The CAT-App is capable of supporting relational awareness and change and is an upgrade on older, paper-based formats. Further clinical evaluation is required.

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