scholarly journals Interaction Between Smoking and Internet Gaming Disorder on Spontaneous Brain Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianxin Qiu ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Weina Ding ◽  
Yawen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
The Right

Converging lines of evidence indicates that smoking and internet gaming disorder (IGD) affect spontaneous brain activity, respectively. However, little is known about whether these two factors work together on the human brain. In this study, we investigated the interaction between smoking and IGD on local spontaneous brain activity using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) based on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Forty-six cigarette smokers, 38 IGD individuals, 34 participants with both IGD and cigarette smoking (IGD-Smoking), and 60 healthy individuals involved in the study. Voxel-wise analysis of covariance of ALFF revealed that there were significant interactions between IGD by smoking in the right medial pre-frontal cortex (MPFC)/ventral striatum, bilateral cerebellar, and visual-related regions as well as the left temporal gyrus. In the right MPFC/ventral striatum and left temporal gyrus, ALFF in smoking group was significantly higher than healthy group while there were no significant ALFF differences between IGD-Smoking group and IGD group. While in the bilateral cerebellar and visual-related regions, ALFF in the smoking group was significantly lower than healthy group while ALFF in IGD-Smoking group did not show significant difference with IGD group. In addition, in the smoking group, ALFF of the right MPFC/ventral striatum was associated positively with anxiety and depression scores while the ALFF value in the smoking group had a trend toward negative correlation with SDS scores in the bilateral cerebellar and visual-related regions. The ALFF value in the smoking group was associated positively with anxiety score in the left temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that smoking and IGD interacted with each other in the human brain. Our results, in terms of spontaneous brain activity, may imply the fact that IGD people are more tended to get smoking. Moreover, it is possible to predict that smokers may be more easily to get internet addiction than healthy people.

scholarly journals Brain Activity toward Gaming-Related Cues in Internet Gaming Disorder during an Addiction Stroop Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifen Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Jiaojing Xu ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Resilience as a Protective Factor in Patients with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Resting-State EEG Coherence Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yoon Lee ◽  
Jung-Seok Choi ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Eeg Features

Background: Resilience, an important protective factor against Internet gaming disorder (IGD), is the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and constitutes a flexible adaptation to stress. Despite the importance of resilience in predicting IGD, little is known about the relationships between resilience and the neurophysiological features of IGD patients. Methods: We investigated these relationships using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) coherence, by comparing IGD patients (n = 35) to healthy controls (n = 36). To identify the resilience-related EEG features, the IGD patients were divided into two groups based on the 50th percentile score on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: IGD with low resilience (n = 16) and IGD with high resilience (n = 19). We analyzed differences in EEG coherence among groups for each fast frequency band. The conditional indirect effects of resilience were examined on the relationships between IGD and resilience-related EEG features through clinical symptoms. Results: IGD patients with low resilience had higher alpha coherence in the right hemisphere. Particularly, resilience moderated the indirect effects of IGD on alpha coherence in the right hemisphere through depressive symptoms and stress level. Conclusion: These neurophysiological findings regarding the mechanisms underlying resilience may help to establish effective preventive measures against IGD.

Group independent component analysis reveals alternation of right executive control network in Internet gaming disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Yifen Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group Independent Component Analysis

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) showed attentional bias toward gaming-related cues and exhibited impaired executive functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the alternations in related functional brain networks underlying attentional bias in IGD subjects.MethodsEighteen IGD subjects and 19 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they were performing an addiction Stroop task. Networks of functional connectivity were identified using group independent component analysis (ICA).ResultsICA identified 4 functional networks that showed differences between the 2 groups, which were related to the right executive control network and visual related networks in our study. Within the right executive control network, in contrast to controls, IGD subjects showed increased functional connectivity in the temporal gyrus and frontal gyrus, and reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex, temporal gyrus, and frontal gyrus.ConclusionThese findings suggest that IGD is related to abnormal functional connectivity of the right executive control network, and may be described as addiction-related abnormally increased cognitive control processing and diminished response inhibition during an addiction Stroop task. The results suggest that IGD subjects show increased susceptibility towards gaming-related cues but weakened strength of inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Craving behavioral intervention for internet gaming disorder: remediation of functional connectivity of the ventral striatum

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tao Zhang ◽  
Shan-Shan Ma ◽  
Chiang-Shan R. Li ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Cui-Cui Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Altered Functional Connectivity of the Insula and Nucleus Accumbens in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Resting State fMRI Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Yun Chen ◽  
Ju-Yu Yen ◽  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Gin-Chung Liu ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
The Right

Aims: A possible addiction mechanism has been represented by altered functional connectivity (FC) in the resting state. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FCs of the insula and nucleus accumbens among subjects with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods: We recruited 30 males with IGD and 30 controls and evaluated their FC using functional magnetic imaging scanning under resting, a state with relaxation, closed eyes, with inducement to think of nothing systematically, become motionless, and instructed not to fall asleep. Results: Subjects with IGD had a lower FC with the left insula over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbital frontal lobe and a higher FC with the insula with the contralateral insula than controls. The inter-hemispheric insula connectivity positively correlated with impulsivity. Further, they had lower FC with the left nucleus accumbens over the left DLPFC and with the right nucleus accumbens over the left DLPFC, and insula and a higher FC with that over the right precuneus. Conclusion: The elevated inter-hemispheric insula FC is found to be associated with impulsivity and might explain why it is involved in IGD. The attenuated frontostriatal suggests that the emotion-driven gaming urge through nucleus accumbens could not be well regulated by the frontal lobe of subjects with IGD.

scholarly journals Decreased effective connection from the parahippocampal gyrus to the prefrontal cortex in Internet gaming disorder: A MVPA and spDCM study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziliang Wang ◽  
Haohao Dong ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
Jin-Tao Zhang ◽  
Guang-Heng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is essential for the condition's diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of IGD remain elusive at present. Hence, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to explore this issue. Methods Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 103 IGD subjects (male = 57) and 99 well-matched recreational game users (RGUs, male = 51). Regional homogeneity was calculated as the feature for MVPA based on the support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one- out cross-validation. Mean time series data extracted from the brain regions in accordance with the MVPA results were used for further spDCM analysis. Results Results display a high accuracy of 82.67% (sensitivity of 83.50% and specificity of 81.82%) in the classification of the two groups. The most discriminative brain regions that contributed to the classification were the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PG), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Significant correlations were found between addiction severity (IAT and DSM scores) and the ReHo values of the brain regions that contributed to the classification. Moreover, the results of spDCM showed that compared with RGU, IGD showed decreased effective connectivity from the left PG to the right MFG and from the right PG to the ACC and decreased self-connection in the right PG. Conclusions These results show that the weakening of the PG and its connection with the prefrontal cortex, including the ACC and MFG, may be an underlying mechanism of IGD.

scholarly journals Disrupted dynamic network reconfiguration of the executive and reward networks in internet gaming disorder: Why IGD subjects cannot control their gaming cravings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Weiran Zhou ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that people with internet gaming disorder (IGD) show impaired executive control over their gaming cravings; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In addition, these conclusions were based on the hypothesis that brain networks were temporally stationary and neglected changes in cognitive processes.MethodsResting-state fMRI data were collected from 402 subjects (162 subjects with IGD and 240 recreational game users (RGUs)). The community structure (recruitment and integration) of the executive control network and the basal ganglia network (BGN, representing the reward network) of patients with IGD and healthy controls were analyzed and compared. Mediation effects were analyzed among the different networks.ResultsWhen compared to RGUs, subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient within the right executive control network (ECN). Further analysis showed that only male subjects had a lower recruitment coefficient. Mediation analysis showed that the integration coefficient of the right ECN mediated the relationship between the recruitment coefficients of both the right ECN and the BGN in RGUs.ConclusionsSubjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient than RGUs, and this feature was only observed in male subjects, making them less efficient at impulse control. The meditation results suggest a top-down control mechanism of the ECN is missing in subjects with IGD. All of these findings could explain why subjects with IGD have impaired executive control over their gaming cravings.

Altered effective connectivity from the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex to the laterobasal amygdala mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Ningning Zeng ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Individual with internet gaming disorder (IGD) often experience a high level of loneliness, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that amygdala function is associated with both IGD and loneliness. However, the neurobiological basis underlying these relationships remains unclear. Methods In the current study, Granger causal analysis was performed to investigate amygdalar subdivision-based resting-state effective connectivity differences between 111 IGD subjects and 120 matched participants with recreational game use (RGUs). We further correlated neuroimaging findings with clinical measures. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether amygdalar subdivision-based effective connectivity mediated the relationship between IGD severity and loneliness. Results Compared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed inhibitory effective connections from the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) to the left laterobasal amygdala (LBA) and from the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the left LBA, as well as an excitatory effective connection from the left middle prefrontal gyrus (MFG) to the right superficial amygdala. Further analyses demonstrated that the left pACC-left LBA effective connection was negatively correlated with both Internet Addiction Test and UCLA Loneliness scores, and it mediated the relationship between the two. Conclusion IGD subjects and RGUs showed different connectivity patterns involving amygdalar subdivisions. These findings support a neurobiological mechanism for the relationship between IGD and loneliness, and suggest targets for therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat IGD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Behavioral Changes and Brain Activity between Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder and Student Pro-Gamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Ki Hyeon Kwak ◽  
Hyun Chan Hwang ◽  
Sun Mi Kim ◽  
Doug Hyun Han
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Problematic Behaviors ◽  
One Year

While pro-gamers play according to defined living habits and planned schedules, adolescents with internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit irregular lifestyles and unregulated impulsive gaming behavior. Fourteen IGD adolescents and 12 pro-gaming students participated in this study. At baseline and after one year, demographic data, the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), depressed mood, anxiety, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were assessed. Over the year, IGD adolescents played games as per their usual schedule, while pro-gamer students played according to their school’s team schedule. After one year, the pro-gamers’ scores had decreased in the CBCL-total (total problematic behaviors), CBCL-externalizing (under-controlled behavior, like impulsivity and aggression), and CBCL-internalizing (over-controlled behavior like depression and anxiety) compared to those of the IGD adolescents. Both groups displayed increased brain activity in the parietal lobe (a component of the attention network) over the years. Compared to pro-gamers, IGD adolescents showed higher brain activity within the left orbitofrontal cortex. Brain activity within the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with CBCL-externalizing scores. These results suggest that gaming had increased the attention network’s brain activity, but a well-organized support system could lead to different results, in terms of improved behaviors and suppressing brain activity within the orbitofrontal cortex.

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