scholarly journals Autism Rating Scale: A New Tool for Characterizing the Schizophrenia Phenotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Palumbo ◽  
Giovanni Stanghellini ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Massimo Ballerini ◽  
Giulia Maria Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Psychotic Features

Social dysfunctions (SD) are frequently observed in subjects with schizophrenia. Some of these dysfunctions are also observed in other neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), major depression, bipolar disorder, or Alzheimer disease. Recently, a characterization of a specific type of SD in schizophrenia has been proposed, with the concept of dis-sociality, which form the core aspect of “Schizophrenic Autism” (SA). The present study aimed to explore the presence in people with schizophrenia of SA, independent of other autistic traits, which can be often found in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. We used a structured interview—the Autism Rating Scale (ARS), an instrument devised to detect and measure SA. Fifty-one outpatients affected by schizophrenia (26 remitted, SCZ-r) and 28 affected by bipolar disorder type 1, with psychotic features, in the euthymic phase (BD-e) were recruited. Before assessing the specificity for schizophrenia of SA, we tested the internal consistency, the convergent and divergent validity of the ARS in the schizophrenia sample. Specificity was assessed by examining potential differences in ARS scores between SCZ-r and BD-e subjects. ARS showed good internal consistency, as well as convergent and divergent validity. ARS items were more frequently of moderate severity in SCZ-r than in BD-e subjects. This scale can contribute to establish more precise phenomenal boundaries between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and opens up the possibility of identifying a different type of SD in schizophrenia, independent of autistic traits and negative symptoms, which might benefit from different treatments.

scholarly journals Delusions in a Sample of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: The same or different?

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H M E Azzam ◽  
M A Hamed ◽  
Y A Elhawary ◽  
A H A Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Background Growing evidences indicate that there is overlapping between schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) in neurobiology, phenomenology or even in changing of diagnosis from schizophrenia to bipolar disorder or vice versa. Psychotic symptoms can be observed during manic or depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. While manic or depressive episodes can be observed between or during psychotic episodes in schizophrenia. Aim of the work To describe delusional types present in both groups of study sample: a group of patients with schizophrenia and a group of patients with bipolar disorder accompanied by psychotic features. Also to compare between types of delusions in patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder accompanied by psychotic features. Patients and Methods total 80 patients (40 in group of Schizophrenia and 40 in group of bipolar disorder accompanied by psychotic features) were selected as convenient sampling from patients during the first two weeks of their admission in the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Nature and types of the delusions were assessed by using Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) in study period from 1st of October 2017 till 1st of April 2018. Results Delusion of persecution is the commonest delusion in group of SCZ (37.5%), while delusion of grandiosity is the commonest delusion in group of BP accompanied by psychotic features (32.5%). Monothematic delusions are doubling frequent in group of BP accompanied by psychotic features (75%) if it compared to group of SCZ (35%). Non systematized delusions are the dominant in group of SCZ (45%) while most delusions in other group are some systematized (45%). Delusions of most patients in group of SCZ are incongruent with mood (77.5%). While delusions of most patients in group of BP accompanied by psychotic features are congruent with mood (65%). The presence of delusion is positively correlated to higher score of: SANS (in both groups), PANSS (in both groups) and YMRS (in BP accompanied by psychotic features). Conclusion delusions of schizophrenia are different in nature and types when it compared to delusions of bipolar disorder.

Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in Greek Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110565
Author(s):  
Ioanna Giannopoulou ◽  
Evdokia Pasalari ◽  
Paraskevi Bali ◽  
Dimitra Grammatikaki ◽  
Panagiotis Ferentinos
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

The psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) are established cross-culturally but lacking for the Greek population. The present study examined RCADS internal consistency and validity (structural and concurrent) in Greek adolescents, and tested measurement invariance across sex and age groups. We recruited 619 secondary school students ( n = 321 females), aged 12–18 years ( n = 318, 12–14-year-olds). Besides RCADS, all students completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a subsample ( n = 300) completed Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), whereas a non-overlapping subsample ( n = 219) completed Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). Structural validity was examined with Confirmatory Factor Analysis and measurement invariance was assessed with Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling. Convergent and divergent validity were examined using Spearman correlations between RCADS subscales and DSRS, SCARED, and SDQ validators. The six-factor model fitted the data best, validating the originally proposed RCADS structure. Three items displayed differential item functioning for sex, another three for age group, and one item for both, albeit with trivial effect sizes ( d < 0.2). Cronbach’s alpha was .94. Convergent and divergent validity were also established. In conclusion, the RCADS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing anxiety and depression symptoms in Greek adolescents.

scholarly journals T27. COGNITIVE RESERVE IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING OF PATIENTS DIANOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR BIPOLAR DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S241-S242
Author(s):  
Elena De la Serna ◽  
Patricia Camprodon-Boadas ◽  
Gisela Sugranyes ◽  
Carla Torrent ◽  
Brisa Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Variables

Abstract Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) is defined as the ability of the brain to cope and deal with physiological or pathological brain injuries. In the field of psychiatry, higher levels of CR have been associated with lower levels of psychotic symptoms, higher psycho-social functioning and higher cognitive performance, suggesting that CR should be considered as a protective factor (Barnett et al., 2006; Amoretti et al., 2016). This study aims to compare CR levels in a sample of adolescents and young adult offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who are at high risk of developing these disorders (HR) and compared them with a group of healthy controls (HC). We also assess the utility of CR in predicting clinical and cognitive variables. Methods Participants were 85 HR and 45 HC. A CR proxy was calculated based on premorbid IQ, socio-occupational attainment and social activities. Clinical assessment included: the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Neuropsychological assessment included: Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Memory, attention and executive functioning. A factorial analysis was conducted in order to obtain a single CR measure. Differences between groups in CR were assessed via MANCOVA and linear regressions were conducted to check the effectiveness of CR in predicting clinical and neuropsychological variables. Results No significant differences were observed in age or gender between HR and HC groups. Socioeconomic status was lower in HR subjects (F=8.100, p=0.005).CR was significantly lower in the HR group than in the HC group (F=17.522; p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the CR proxy was able to correctly classify 72.7% of the sample as either HR or HC. Our proxy was able to predict the following clinical variables in the HR group: negative (F=9.269; p=0.002), and total (F=7.290; p=0.009) prodromal symptoms, the YMRS (F=11.597; P&lt;0.001) and the HDRS (F=12.761; p&lt;0.001). In terms of neuropsychological variables, RC predicted WM (F=9.738; p=0.003), PS (F=4.557; p=0.037) and verbal memory [immediate (F=6.999; p=0.010) and delayed recall (F=10.990; P=0.002)] in the HR sample. Discussion HR subjects have lower CR than controls. CR is associated with clinical and neuropsychological variables. To our knowledge no previous studies have assessed CR in high risk samples. Nevertheless, studies conducted in adult first episode psychotic samples have shown an association between CR and the severity of symptoms.

scholarly journals Psychiatric illness and regression in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Kohlenberg ◽  
M. Pilar Trelles ◽  
Brittany McLarney ◽  
Catalina Betancur ◽  
Audrey Thurm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
International Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, speech and language deficits, hypotonia, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. PMS is caused by 22q13.33 deletions or mutations affecting SHANK3, which codes for a critical scaffolding protein in excitatory synapses. SHANK3 variants are also known to be associated with an increased risk for regression, as well as for psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and catatonia. This study aimed to further describe these phenomena in PMS and to explore any relationship between psychiatric illness and regression after early childhood. Methods Thirty-eight people with PMS were recruited to this study through the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation based on caregiver report of distinct development of psychiatric symptoms. Caregivers completed a clinician-administered semi-structured interview focused on eliciting psychiatric symptomatology. Data from the PMS International Registry were used to confirm genetic diagnoses of participants and to provide a larger sample for comparison. Results The mean age of the 38 participants was 24.7 years (range = 13 to 50; SD = 10.06). Females (31 of 38 cases; 82%) and sequence variants (15 of 38 cases; 39%) were over-represented in this sample, compared to base rates in the PMS International Registry. Onset of psychiatric symptoms occurred at a mean age of 15.4 years (range = 7 to 32), with presentations marked by prominent disturbances of mood. Enduring substantial loss of functional skills after onset of psychiatric changes was seen in 25 cases (66%). Symptomst indicative of catatonia occurred in 20 cases (53%). Triggers included infections, changes in hormonal status, and stressful life events. Conclusions This study confirms that individuals with PMS are at risk of developing severe neuropsychiatric illness in adolescence or early adulthood, including bipolar disorder, catatonia, and lasting regression of skills. These findings should increase the awareness of these phenotypes and lead to earlier diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate interventions. Our findings also highlight the importance of genetic testing in the work-up of individuals with intellectual disability and acute psychiatric illness or regression. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence and nature of psychiatric disorders and regression among larger unbiased samples of individuals with PMS.

scholarly journals Three components of individualism

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Realo ◽  
Kati Koido ◽  
Eva Ceulemans ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

In this article, following an assumption that individualism and collectivism are separate factors, we have further established that three central components of individualism can be distinguished. In the first part of the article we examined whether the three proposed components of individualism—autonomy, mature self‐responsibility, and uniqueness—can be distinguished from each other in one cultural context, Estonia. A new scale was developed to measure the three aspects of individualism which demonstrated both the reasonable internal‐consistency reliability as well as convergent and divergent validity with several other measures of individualism and collectivism and related constructs. In the second part of the article we studied whether individualism generalizes across specific contexts or domains of social relationships, namely, across relations with family and close others; friends and peers; state and nation. The results of the three‐mode principal component analysis showed that the individualistic tendencies of the respondents did not differ much while measured toward the three types of social relation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Development of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP)

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Thomas Matlock ◽  
Michael G Aman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

Abstract In this study, the authors developed the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP). Sixty-one caregivers rated 512 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities on the A-SHARP. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors on the Problem Scale: (a) Verbal Aggression, (b) Physical Aggression, (c) Hostile Affect, (d) Covert Aggression, and (e) Bullying. Internal consistency was high, and intercorrelation of subscales suggested logical convergent and divergent validity. Separate scores were also derived for the Provocation Scale, which was developed to reflect motivation for the aggression (reactive vs. proactive). Analyses of demographic variables revealed 1 gender effect, several effects due to age and functional level, and no effect of ethnicity. Normative data are provided for the Problem Scale.

scholarly journals Genomic dissection of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia including 28 subphenotypes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M Ruderfer ◽  
Stephan Ripke ◽  
Andrew McQuillin ◽  
James Boocock ◽  
Eli A Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Psychotic Features

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly heritable disorders that share a significant proportion of common risk variation. Understanding the genetic factors underlying the specific symptoms of these disorders will be crucial for improving diagnosis, intervention and treatment. In case-control data consisting of 53,555 cases (20,129 BD, 33,426 SCZ) and 54,065 controls, we identified 114 genome-wide significant loci (GWS) when comparing all cases to controls, of which 41 represented novel findings. Two genome-wide significant loci were identified when comparing SCZ to BD and a third was found when directly incorporating functional information. Regional joint association identified a genomic region of overlapping association in BD and SCZ with disease-independent causal variants indicating a fourth region contributing to differences between these disorders. Regional SNP-heritability analyses demonstrated that the estimated heritability of BD based on the SCZ GWS regions was significantly higher than that based on the average genomic region (91 regions, p = 1.2×10−6) while the inverse was not significant (19 regions, p=0.89). Using our BD and SCZ GWAS we calculated polygenic risk scores and identified several significant correlations with: 1) SCZ subphenotypes: negative symptoms (SCZ, p=3.6×10−6) and manic symptoms (BD, p=2×10−5), 2) BD subphenotypes: psychotic features (SCZ p=1.2×10−10, BD p=5.3×10−5) and age of onset (SCZ p=7.9×10−4). Finally, we show that psychotic features in BD has significant SNP-heritability (h2snp=0.15, SE=0.06), and a significant genetic correlation with SCZ (rg=0.34) in addition there is a significant sign test result between SCZ GWAS and a GWAS of BD cases contrasting those with and without psychotic features (p=0.0038, one-side binomial test). For the first time, we have identified specific loci pointing to a potential role of 4 genes (DARS2, ARFGEF2, DCAKD and GATAD2A) that distinguish between BD and SCZ, providing an opportunity to understand the biology contributing to clinical differences of these disorders. Our results provide the best evidence so far of genomic components distinguishing between BD and SCZ that contribute directly to specific symptom dimensions.

scholarly journals Abnormal bodily experiences detected by Abnormal Bodily Phenomena questionnaire are more frequent and severe in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder with psychotic features

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini ◽  
Davide Palumbo ◽  
Massimo Ballerini ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Francesco Catapano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Features

Abstract Background: Patients with schizophrenia display experiential anomalies in their feelings and cognitions arising in the domain of their lived body. These abnormal bodily phenomena (ABP) are not part of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. One of the reasons is the difficulty to assess specific ABP for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present study aimed to explore the presence in patients with schizophrenia of specific ABP. Methods: We used a semistructured interview—the Abnormal Bodily Phenomena questionnaire (ABPq), an instrument devised to detect and measure ABP specific to patients with schizophrenia. Fifty-one outpatients affected by schizophrenia and 28 euthymic outpatients affected by bipolar disorder type I with psychotic features (BD-pf-e) were recruited. Before assessing the specificity for schizophrenia of the observed ABP, we tested the internal consistency and the convergent validity of the ABPq in patients with schizophrenia. Specificity was assessed by examining potential differences in ABPq among the patients with schizophrenia in remission (SCZ-r) and BD-pf-e. Results: The ABPq shows strong internal consistency and convergent validity. As to the specificity, ABP measured by ABPq were more frequent and severe in SCZ-r than in BD-pf-e. In particular, all ABPq dimensions, except “Coherence,” had at least mild severity in over 50% of SCZ-r, while dimensions with at least mild severity were observed in 5–10% of the BD-pf-e. Conclusions: These findings can contribute to establish more precise phenomenal boundaries between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, to explore the borders between nonpsychotic and psychotic forms of ABP, between ABP and negative and disorganized symptoms, and to enlighten core aspects of schizophrenia.

De Widlöcher Remmingsschaal, een Nederlandse Schaal Voor het Meten van Psychomotorische Remming

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.C. de Weme ◽  
T. Hoeksema ◽  
J.G. Goekoop
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Dutch Translation ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Sum Scores

SummaryAim: Translation of a specific instrument to measure psychomotor retardation, the “Widlöcher Retardation Rating Scale” and validation of this Dutch translation (Widlöcher remmingsschaal, WRS). Method: In three separate studies, we studied reliability (n = 26), concurrent and divergent validity (n = 25) and predictive validity (n = 28) of the WRS. In- and outpatients with a depressive disorder or schizophrenia participated, and scores on the WRS were compared with those on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and retardation items of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS).Results: The internal consistency was good (Cronbach alpha = 0.86), interrater reliability was sufficient to good, the correlation between the sumscores of both raters was r = 0.84, n = 23, p <0.01 and the kappa's were between 0.23 and 0.80. Convergent and divergent validity showed in comparing the correlation between the sum scores on the WRS and the CPRS retardation items (r = 0.91, n = 25, p < 0.01 ) with the correlation between the sumscores on the WRS and the MADRS (r = 0.40, n = 25, p = 0.1). The decrease of the sum scores on the WRS after two weeks of treatment with antide-pressants predicted remission after six weeks. A subgroup of the patients who were not in remission after six weeks, showed a predominance of retardation signs over mood disturbances. The same clinical picture was seen in a group of patients with a chronic disorder.Conclusion: De Widlöcher Retardation Rating Scale in this Dutch translation is a usefull instrument to measure psychomotor retardation. The connection between remaining retardation symptoms and longterm prognosis deserves further investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document