scholarly journals A Web-Based Tool for Quantification of Potential Gains in Life Expectancy by Preventing Cause-Specific Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Chandran ◽  
Churong Xu ◽  
Jonathan Gross ◽  
Kathryn M. Leifheit ◽  
Darcy Phelan-Emrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Introduction: Local health departments are currently limited in their ability to use life expectancy (LE) as a benchmark for improving community health. In collaboration with the Baltimore City Health Department, our aim was to develop a web-based tool to estimate the potential lives saved and gains in LE in specific neighborhoods following interventions targeting achievable reductions in preventable deaths.Methods: The PROLONGER (ImPROved LONGEvity through Reductions in Cause-Specific Deaths) tool utilizes a novel Lives Saved Simulation model to estimate neighborhood-level potential change in LE after specified reduction in cause-specific mortality. This analysis uses 2012–2016 deaths in Baltimore City residents; a 20% reduction in heart disease mortality is shown as a case study.Results: According to PROLONGER, if heart disease deaths could be reduced by 20% in a given neighborhood in Baltimore City, there could be up to a 2.3-year increase in neighborhood LE. The neighborhoods with highest expected LE increase are not the same as those with highest heart disease mortality burden or lowest overall life expectancies.Discussion: PROLONGER is a practical resource for local health officials in prioritizing scarce resources to improve health outcomes. Focusing programs based on potential LE impact at the neighborhood level could lend new information for targeting of place-based public health interventions.

Local Health Department Activities in Heart Disease Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Clarence L. Brumback ◽  
George Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health Department ◽  
Local Health

scholarly journals Association of Hearing Loss With Total and Cause-specific Mortality in US Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Feng ◽  
Wenzhen Li ◽  
Man Cheng ◽  
Weihong Qiu ◽  
Ruyi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract ObjectivesWe expected to explore the associations of hearing loss and hearing thresholds at different frequencies with total and cause-specific mortality.Methods11,732 individuals derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2012 were included in this study. Data of death was extracted from the NHANES Public-Use Linked Mortality File through December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the associations between hearing loss, hearing thresholds at different frequencies and total or cause-specific mortality. ResultsA total of 1,253 deaths occurred with a median follow-up of 12.15 years. A significant positive dose-response relationship between hearing loss in speech frequency and total mortality was observed, and the HRs and 95% CIs were 1.16 (0.91, 1.47), 1.54 (1.19, 2.00) and 1.85 (1.36, 2.50), respectively for mild, moderate and severe speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) with a P trend of 0.0003. In addition, moderate (HR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.20-3.00) and greater (3.50, 1.38-8.86) SFHL significantly elevated risk of heart disease mortality. Moreover, hearing thresholds of >25 dB at 500, 1000, or 2000 Hz were significantly associated with elevated mortality from all causes (1.40, 1.17-1.68; 1.44, 1.20-1.73; and 1.33, 1.10-1.62, respectively) and heart disease (1.89, 1.08-3.34; 1.95, 1.21-3.16; and 1.89, 1.16-3.09, respectively). ConclusionHearing loss is associated with increased risks of total mortality and heart disease mortality, especially for hearing loss at speech frequency. Preventing or inhibiting the pathogenic factors of hearing loss is important for reducing the risk of death.

Potential and limitations of health policy to improve coronary heart disease prevention and to reduce the burden of disease: A Russian experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1725-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Pogosova ◽  
Rafael Oganov ◽  
Hugo Saner ◽  
Sergey Suvorov ◽  
Olga Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Disease Mortality

Background Mortality from cardiovascular diseases is particularly high in Russia compared with the European average. The National Priority Project ‘Health’, launched in 2005, aimed to promote prevention of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, in primary care and to increase availability of state-of-art cardiovascular disease management. Methods This is a multiregional population based study with analysis of indicators for cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease in Moscow, St Petersburg, the Moscow region and across Russia, including a total population of 143.7 million inhabitants between 2005 and 2013. Data were collected using conventional methodology and originate from open statistical sources. Results The overall age-standardized coronary heart disease mortality decreased in 2005–2013 by 24.7% from 383.6 to 289.0 per 100000 population, but with substantial interregional differences: it declined from 306.1 to 196.9 per 100,000 in Moscow (–35.7%), from 362.1 to 258.9 per 100,000 in St Petersburg (–28.5%) and from 433.8 to 374.3 per 100,000 in the Moscow region (–13.7%). Income in Moscow exceeded the national average 2–3-fold, and Moscow had the highest availability of modern treatments and interventions. Although vegetables, fruits and fish consumption increased overall in Russia, this trend was most prominent in Moscow. Indicators for psychosocial well-being also were best in Moscow. Life expectancy in Moscow is almost six years higher than the Russian average. Conclusion Health policy interventions turned out to be successful but with substantial interregional differences. Lower coronary heart disease mortality and higher life expectancy in Moscow may be due to a more favourable socioeconomic and psychological environment, more healthy eating and greater availability of medical care.

scholarly journals Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Yi Ye ◽  
Yanbo Zhang ◽  
Xiong-Fei Pan ◽  
An Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between weight changes across adulthood and mortality. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-94 and 1999-2014. Participants 36 051 people aged 40 years or over with measured body weight and height at baseline and recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years old) and middle adulthood (10 years before baseline). Main outcome measures All cause and cause specific mortality from baseline until 31 December 2015. Results During a mean follow-up of 12.3 years, 10 500 deaths occurred. Compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those moving from the non-obese to obese category between young and middle adulthood had a 22% (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and 49% (1.49, 1.21 to 1.83) higher risk of all cause mortality and heart disease mortality, respectively. Changing from obese to non-obese body mass index over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. An obese to non-obese weight change pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with increased risk of all cause mortality (1.30, 1.16 to 1.45) and heart disease mortality (1.48, 1.14 to 1.92), whereas moving from the non-obese to obese category over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. Maintaining obesity across adulthood was consistently associated with increased risk of all cause mortality; the hazard ratio was 1.72 (1.52 to 1.95) from young to middle adulthood, 1.61 (1.41 to 1.84) from young to late adulthood, and 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) from middle to late adulthood. Maximum overweight had a very modest or null association with mortality across adulthood. No significant associations were found between various weight change patterns and cancer mortality. Conclusions Stable obesity across adulthood, weight gain from young to middle adulthood, and weight loss from middle to late adulthood were associated with increased risks of mortality. The findings imply that maintaining normal weight across adulthood, especially preventing weight gain in early adulthood, is important for preventing premature deaths in later life.

Gluten Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Findings from the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inken Behrendt ◽  
Mathias Fasshauer ◽  
Gerrit Eichner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACT Background Gluten has been linked to adverse effects on metabolic and vascular health. Objectives The present study determines the association between dietary gluten intake and all-cause (primary objective), as well as cause-specific, mortality in people without celiac disease. Methods Gluten intake was estimated in 159,265 participants of the UK Biobank which is a large multicenter, prospective cohort study initiated in 2006. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used and HRs were determined for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. All models were adjusted for confounders and multiple testing. Results Median (IQR) age was 57 (49–62) y with 52.1% of participants being female. Gluten intake was 8.5 (5.1–12.4) g/d with significantly higher consumption in males [10.0 (6.3–14.1) g/d] than in females [7.2 (4.6–10.7) g/d] (P < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 11.1 (10.6–11.9) y and 1.8 million person-years, 6259 deaths occurred. Gluten intake was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjusting for confounders (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; P = 0.59). Dietary gluten was not significantly associated with cancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; raw P = 0.24) or noncancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; raw P = 0.56) mortality. However, gluten intake was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; raw P = 0.003, Holm-adjusted P = 0.04). Conclusions Gluten intake is not significantly associated with all-cause and cancer mortality in adults without celiac disease. The findings support the hypothesis that limiting gluten intake is unlikely to provide significant overall survival benefits on a population level. The positive association between gluten intake and ischemic heart disease mortality requires further study.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases mortality in the population of Belgrade aged 30-69 years for 1990-2002 period

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Vesna Stefanovic ◽  
Dejana Stanisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

During the period between 1990 and 2002 in Belgrade population, almost every second person aged 30-69 years, died of some cardiovascular disease (CVD). Men, as compared to women, had higher standardized mortality rates from CVD (1.7 times), ischemic heart diseases (2.5 times), other heart diseases (1.6 times), and cerebrovascular diseases (1.3 times). During that period, the mortality from CVD increased by 18.6% in men, and by 10.0% in women. The increase in cerebrovascular disease mortality was 32.6% for men and 17.2% for women. Mortality from ischemic heart disease decreased twice as much in men (17.0%) than in woman (8.5%). In both sexes, the average age-specific mortality rates from CVD creased with the age. In women, the average age-specific mortality rates were 5 years behind those in men. In both sexes aged 30-34 years, the average mortality rate from CVD increased by 22.2% in men and by 14.1% in women, respectively.

Baltimore’s Unrest: Perspectives From Public Health and Emergency Physician Leaders

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joneigh S. Khaldun ◽  
Katherine E. Warren ◽  
Leana S. Wen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Lead Agency ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Physician Leaders ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Medical Situation

AbstractThe tragic April 19, 2015, death of an African American man injured while in police custody spurred several days of protest and civil unrest in Baltimore City. This article outlines the opportunity and role for a local health department during civil unrest, from the perspective of 2 emergency physicians who also led the Baltimore City Health Department through these recent events. Between April 27 and May 8, 2015, the Health Department was a lead agency in the unrest response and recovery activities. Similar to an emergency medical situation, a “public health code” is proposed as a model for centralizing, reacting to, and debriefing after situations of civil unrest. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:293–295)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document