scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Sleep Disturbance Among 223,561 Adolescents: A Multi-Country Analysis of Cross-Sectional Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Large Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Reported Data

This study was to investigate the association between food insecurity (FI) and sleep disturbance among adolescents. Based on the cross-sectional data of the Global School-based Student Health Survey, this study analyzed self-reported data from adolescents in 68 countries. Multivariate logistic regression and meta-analysis were used to evaluate the association between FI and sleep disturbance. The final sample included 223,561 adolescents. The prevalence of severe FI and sleep disturbance was 6.4% and 8.0%, respectively. Severe FI was significantly associated with a higher risk of sleep disturbance in 48 of the 68 countries after adjusting for covariates, with a pooled OR (95% CI) of 1.94 (1.79–2.09). Overall, the association between FI and sleep disturbance was similar across countries and gender, though a large level of heterogeneity existed across upper- and middle-income countries. Identifying adolescents suffering from FI and remedying the FI severity may be important to improve sleep quality in global adolescents.

scholarly journals Hand-Washing Practices among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years from 80 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Laurie Butler ◽  
Mark A Tully ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Yvonne Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Prevalence

The objectives were to (1) assess the prevalence of hand-washing practices across 80 countries and (2) assess frequency of hand-washing practice by economic status (country income and severe food insecurity), in a global representative sample of adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2017 were analyzed. Data on age, sex, hand-washing practices in the past 30 days, and severe food insecurity (i.e., proxy of socioeconomic status) were self-reported. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis with random effects based on country-wise estimates were conducted to assess associations. Adolescents (n = 209,584) aged 12–15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 50.9% boys] were included in the analysis. Overall, the prevalence of hand-washing practices were as follows: never/rarely washing hands before eating (6.4%), after using toilet (5.6%), or with soap (8.8%). The prevalence of never/rarely washing hands after using the toilet (10.8%) or with soap (14.3%) was particularly high in low-income countries. Severe food insecurity was associated with 1.34 (95%CI = 1.25–1.43), 1.61 (95%CI = 1.50–1.73), and 1.44 (95%CI = 1.35–1.53) times higher odds for never/rarely washing hands before eating, after using the toilet, and with soap, respectively. A high prevalence of inadequate hand washing practices was reported, particularly in low-income countries and those with severe food insecurity. In light of the present COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid expansion being observed in low- and middle-income locations, interventions that disseminate good hand-washing practices are urgently required. Such interventions may also have cross-over benefits in relation to other poor sanitation-related diseases.

scholarly journals Assessing food insecurity prevalence and associated factors among college students enrolled in a university in the Southeast USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Wooten ◽  
Marsha Spence ◽  
Sarah Colby ◽  
Elizabeth Anderson Steeves
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University System ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Southeast Usa ◽  
Final Sample

AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of food insecurity (FI) among college students enrolled at a large public university system across one US state and identify factors associated with experiencing FI.DesignCross-sectional online survey administered to eligible, enrolled students (n 38 614) across three campuses within the university system, with 5593 students responding (4824 final sample after applying exclusion criteria, 12·5 % response rate). FI was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture’s Adult Food Security Survey Module. Descriptive statistics were conducted to calculate FI status and identify sample characteristics. Associations between FI status and independent variables were assessed using bivariate analyses (χ2 and ANOVA tests) and multivariate logistic regression.SettingLarge public university system, Southeast USA.ParticipantsEnrolled college students (excluding freshman, <18 years of age).ResultsThirty-six per cent of students were classified as FI. After controlling for confounders, factors that were significantly associated with increased likelihood of FI included previous FI (P<0·001; OR=4·78), financial factors and self-reported grade point average ≤3·85. Seniors were significantly more likely experience FI than graduate students (P=0·004, OR=1·41). A significant relationship was not identified between FI and meal plan participation, and no differences in FI were found between graduate students and individuals with sophomore or junior standing.ConclusionsThis research identifies high rates of FI among college students enrolled in a large public university system in the Southeast USA, as well as selected factors related to FI. Programmes to assist college students experiencing FI need to be developed and tested.

Psychiatry as a specialization: influential factors and gender differences among medical students in a low- to middle-income country

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. O. Agyapong ◽  
R. Owusu-Antwi ◽  
A. Ritchie ◽  
G. Agyapong-Opoku ◽  
H. Khinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Career Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Policies And Programs

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the perception of Ghanaian medical students about factors influencing their career interest in psychiatry and to explore gender differences in these perceptions.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 5th and 6th year medical students in four public medical schools in Ghana. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.ResultsResponses were obtained from 545 medical students (response rate of 52%). Significantly, more male medical students expressed that stigma is an important consideration for them to choose or not to choose a career in psychiatry compared to their female counterparts (42.7% v. 29.7%, respectively). Over two-thirds of the medical students perceived that psychiatrists were at risk of being attacked by their patients, with just a little over a third expressing that risk was an important consideration for them to choose a career in psychiatry. There were no gender differences regarding perceptions about risk. Around 3 to 4 out of 10 medical students will consider careers in psychiatry if offered various incentives with no gender differences in responses provided.ConclusionOur study presents important and novel findings in the Ghanaian context, which can assist health policy planners and medical training institutions in Ghana to formulate policies and programs that will increase the number of psychiatry residents and thereby increase the psychiatrist-to-patient ratio in Ghana.

Are low-to-middle-income households experiencing food insecurity in Victoria, Australia? An examination of the Victorian Population Health Survey, 2006–2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Kleve ◽  
Zoe E. Davidson ◽  
Emma Gearon ◽  
Sue Booth ◽  
Claire Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Using Data

Food insecurity affects health and wellbeing. Little is known about the relationship between food insecurity across income levels. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and frequency of food insecurity in low-to-middle-income Victorian households over time and identify factors associated with food insecurity in these households. Prevalence and frequency of food insecurity was analysed across household income levels using data from the cross-sectional 2006–09 Victorian Population Health Surveys (VPHS). Respondents were categorised as food insecure, if in the last 12 months they had run out of food and were unable to afford to buy more. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe factors associated with food insecurity in low-to-middle-income households (A$40000–$80000 in 2008). Between 4.9 and 5.5% for total survey populations and 3.9–4.8% in low-to-middle-income respondents were food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with limited help from friends, home ownership status, inability to raise money in an emergency and cost of some foods. Food insecurity exists in households beyond those on a very low income. Understanding the extent and implications of household food insecurity across all income groups in Australia will inform effective and appropriate public health responses.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Urban Household Food Insecurity in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Bereket Gebremichael ◽  
Biruk Beletew ◽  
Melaku Bimerew ◽  
Demewoz Haile ◽  
Sibhatu Biadgilign ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Household ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and determinants of urban household food insecurity in East Africa. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Setting: Studies conducted in East Africa Participants: Seventeen studies (fifteen cross-sectional and two cohort) that enrolled 156,996 households. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to search electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, African Journals OnLine, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar; date of last search: 10 June 2020) for studies reporting the prevalence and associated factors of urban household food insecurity. Results: A total of 17 studies with 156,996 households from eight countries were used for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of urban household food insecurity in East Africa was 60.91% (95%CI; 47.72–74.11; I2=100%; p<0.001) where the highest (91%) and lowest (36.5%) was observed in Sudan and Burundi, respectively. Household head educational status (illiterate) (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 2.11-2.95, I2=90%; p<0.01), female as household head (AOR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.16-1.75; I2=0.0%; p=0.993), large family size (AOR=1.43;95% CI:1.09-1.76, I2=0.0%; p=0.863) and poorest wealth quantile (AOR=3.95;95% CI: 1.93-5.98; I2= 57.2%, p=0.053) were factors which significantly increased odds of urban household food insecurity in East Africa. Conclusions: The prevalence of urban household food insecurity in East Africa remains high. Therefore, policies and intervention programs should be designed to reduce the high burden of food insecurity among urban households considering the identified factors.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Bullying Victimization Among 170,618 Adolescents in 59 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixin Liang ◽  
Xinli Chi ◽  
Si-Tong Chen ◽  
Cain Craig Truman Clark ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
School Based

Background: Bullying victimization can impose long-lasting impacts on adolescent's current and subsequent well-being. Understanding the correlates of bullying victimization and how to prevent its occurrence is an urgent need. Food insecurity, an indicator of low socioeconomic status, may be related to bullying victimization. However, research on the association between food insecurity and bullying victimization is limited. Using a representative global sample, this study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and bullying victimization in adolescents and whether the association varied between country income levels, sexes, and age groups.Methods: Using cross-sectional, school-based data by 170,618 adolescents in 59 countries from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the overall, country-stratified, sex-stratified, and age-stratified associations.Results: The prevalence of bullying victimization was 33.3%. In the total sample, adolescents with food insecurity showed significantly higher odds for bullying victimization than those without no food insecurity with a pooled odds ratio (OR) being 1.37 (1.28, 1.47). Further, the association was stronger in higher-income countries, females, and older adolescents.Conclusions: Bullying victimization is prevalent among global adolescents with food insecurity being a significant correlate. The identification of adolescents with perceptions of food insecurity and remedying this condition may be important to reduce the prevalence of bullying. This highlights the need to design and implement sex- and age-specific interventions focusing on remedying food insecurity and bullying victimization among in-school adolescents by taking country income levels into account.

scholarly journals Association of the quality of antenatal care with neonatal mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from 60 low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subas Neupane ◽  
David Teye Doku
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the quality of antenatal care (ANC) and its effect on neonatal mortality in 60 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe used pooled comparable cross-sectional surveys from 60 LMICs (n=651 681). Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression models and meta-regression analysis were used to assess the effect of the quality of ANC on the risk of neonatal mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to describe the time-to-event patterns of neonatal survival in each region.ResultsPooled estimates from meta-analysis showed a 34% lower risk of neonatal mortality for children of women who were attended to at ANC by skilled personnel. Sufficient ANC advice lowered the risk of neonatal mortality by 20%. Similarly, children of women who had adequate ANC had a 39% lower risk of neonatal mortality. The pooled multivariable model showed an association of neonatal mortality with the ANC quality index (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.93).ConclusionsImprovement in the quality of ANC can reduce the risk of neonatal mortality substantially. Pursuing sustainable development goal 3, which aims to reduce neonatal mortality to 12 per 1000 live births by 2030, should improve the quality of ANC women receive in LMICs.

Antenatal Care and Provision of Basic Immunization in Children Aged 12-23 Months: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vitri Widyaningsih ◽  
Bhisma Murti ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Child Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: Among the leading causes of global child morbidity and mortality are vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A complete basic immunization for children contains one BCG, three DPT-HB-Hib immunizations, four polio immunizations, and one measles immunizations. Antenatal care visit contributes an important to complete the basic immunization. This study aimed to estimate the effect of antenatal care on the completeness of basic immunization in children aged 12-23 months in Africa using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of antenatal care on the basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Published articles in 2015-2020 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “immunization coverage” OR “vaccination coverage” OR “complete immunization” OR “complete vaccination” OR “full immunization” OR “full vaccination” AND children OR “child immunization” OR “child immunization coverage” NOT “incomplete immunization” OR “incomplete vaccination”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, and using cross-sectional study design. The selected articles were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results:6 studies from Senegal, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa showed that antenatal care increased basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months (aOR=1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.36; p<0.001) with I2 = 95%). Conclusion: Antenatal care increases basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Keywords: basic immunization, antenatal care, children aged 12-23 months Correspondence: Farida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085654415292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125

scholarly journals Prevalence of multimorbidity in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2235042X1987093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Nguyen ◽  
Gergana Manolova ◽  
Christina Daskalopoulou ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Resources Distribution ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: With ageing world populations, multimorbidity (presence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual) becomes a major concern in public health. Although multimorbidity is associated with age, its prevalence varies. This systematic review aimed to summarise and meta-analyse the prevalence of multimorbidity in high, low- and middle-income countries (HICs and LMICs). Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science and Cochrane Library). The term ‘multimorbidity’ and its various spellings were used, alongside ‘prevalence’ or ‘epidemiology’. Quality assessment employed the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Overall and stratified analyses according to multimorbidity operational definitions, HICs/LMICs status, gender and age were performed. A random-effects model for meta-analysis was used. Results: Seventy community-based studies (conducted in 18 HICs and 31 LMICs) were included in the final sample. Sample sizes ranged from 264 to 162,464. The overall pooled prevalence of multimorbidity was 33.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30.0–36.3%). There was a considerable difference in the pooled estimates between HICs and LMICs, with prevalence being 37.9% (95% CI: 32.5–43.4%) and 29.7% (26.4–33.0%), respectively. Heterogeneity across studies was high for both overall and stratified analyses ( I 2 > 99%). A sensitivity analysis showed that none of the reviewed studies skewed the overall pooled estimates. Conclusion: A large proportion of the global population, especially those aged 65+, is affected by multimorbidity. To allow accurate estimations of disease burden, and effective disease management and resources distribution, a standardised operationalisation of multimorbidity is needed.

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