scholarly journals Public and Commercial Medical Insurance Enrollment Rates of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhu Wang ◽  
Anran Liu ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Commercial Insurance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Insurance Enrollment ◽  
Temporary Migrants ◽  
Commercial Medical Insurance

Objectives: Large-scale rural-to-urban migration of China has provoked heated discussion about the health of migrants and whether they have equal access to the health resources. This article aimed to compare the public and commercial medical insurance enrollment rates between temporary, permanent migrants and urban natives.Methods: Average marginal effects (AME) of the weighted logistic regression models using 2017 China General Social Survey from 2,068 urban natives, 1,285 temporary migrants, and 1,295 permanent migrants.Results: After controlling for the demographic and socio-economic characteristics, our results show that while the temporary and permanent migrants have a similar public insurance enrollment rate compared with the urban natives, both temporary and permanent migrants have significantly lower commercial insurance enrollment rates (7.5 and 5.3%, respectively) compared with the urban natives.Conclusions: The results highlight significant institutional barriers preventing the temporary migrants from gaining access to public medical insurance and the adverse impact of disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds on the access of temporary migrants to both public and commercial insurance.

Insurance Coverage of Facial Gender Affirmation Surgery: A Review of Medicaid and Commercial Insurance

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982199773
Author(s):  
Enrique Gorbea ◽  
Sunder Gidumal ◽  
Aki Kozato ◽  
John Henry Pang ◽  
Joshua D. Safer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Commercial Insurance ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Gender Affirmation Surgery ◽  
Commercial Medical Insurance

Objective To provide a portrait of gender affirmation surgery (GAS) insurance coverage across the United States, with attention to procedures of the head and neck. Study Design Systematic review. Setting Policy review of US medical insurance companies. Methods State policies on transgender care for Medicaid insurance providers were collected for all 50 states. Each state’s policy on GAS and facial gender affirmation surgery (FGAS) was examined. The largest medical insurance companies in the United States were identified using the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Market Share report. Policies of the top 49 primary commercial medical insurance companies were examined. Results Medicaid policy reviews found that 18 states offer some level of gender-affirming coverage for their patients, but only 3 include FGAS (17%). Thirteen states prohibit Medicaid coverage of all transgender surgery, and 19 states have no published gender-affirming medical care coverage policy. Ninety-two percent of commercial medical insurance providers had a published policy on GAS coverage. Genital reconstruction was described as a medically necessary aspect of transgender care in 100% of the commercial policies reviewed. Ninety-three percent discussed coverage of FGAS, but 51% considered these procedures cosmetic. Thyroid chondroplasty (20%) was the most commonly covered FGAS procedure. Mandibular and frontal bone contouring, rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and facial rhytidectomy were each covered by 13% of the medical policies reviewed. Conclusion While certain surgical aspects of gender-affirming medical care are nearly ubiquitously covered by commercial insurance providers, FGAS is considered cosmetic by most Medicaid and commercial insurance providers, potentially limiting patient access. Level of Evidence Level V.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Rugang Liu ◽  
Yuxun Zhang ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Anli Leng ◽  
Elizabeth Maitland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Target Intervention

(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.

scholarly journals Helping Students FIG-ure It Out: A Large-Scale Study of Freshmen Interest Groups and Student Success

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110218
Author(s):  
Lovenoor Aulck ◽  
Joshua Malters ◽  
Casey Lee ◽  
Gianni Mancinelli ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Racial Minority Students ◽  
Freshman Seminars ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

Freshman seminars are a ubiquitous offering in higher education, but they have not been evaluated using matched comparisons with data at scale. In this work, we use transcript data on over 76,000 students to examine the impact of first-year interest groups (FIGs) on student graduation and retention. We first apply propensity score matching on course-level data to account for selection bias. We find that graduation and re-enrollment rates for FIG students were higher than non-FIG students, an effect that was more pronounced for self-identified underrepresented racial minority students. We then employ topic modeling to analyze survey responses from over 12,500 FIG students to find that social aspects of FIGs were most beneficial to students. Interestingly, references to social aspects were not disproportionately present in the responses of self-identified underrepresented racial minority students.

45 Application of Machine Learning Models to Thermal Burn Patient Outcome Predictions in the Aftermath of a Nuclear Event

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S33-S34
Author(s):  
Morgan A Taylor ◽  
Randy D Kearns ◽  
Jeffrey E Carter ◽  
Mark H Ebell ◽  
Curt A Harris
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Burn Patient

Abstract Introduction A nuclear disaster would generate an unprecedented volume of thermal burn patients from the explosion and subsequent mass fires (Figure 1). Prediction models characterizing outcomes for these patients may better equip healthcare providers and other responders to manage large scale nuclear events. Logistic regression models have traditionally been employed to develop prediction scores for mortality of all burn patients. However, other healthcare disciplines have increasingly transitioned to machine learning (ML) models, which are automatically generated and continually improved, potentially increasing predictive accuracy. Preliminary research suggests ML models can predict burn patient mortality more accurately than commonly used prediction scores. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of various ML methods in assessing thermal burn patient mortality and length of stay in burn centers. Methods This retrospective study identified patients with fire/flame burn etiologies in the National Burn Repository between the years 2009 – 2018. Patients were randomly partitioned into a 67%/33% split for training and validation. A random forest model (RF) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were then constructed for each outcome, mortality and length of stay. These models were then compared to logistic regression models and previously developed prediction tools with similar outcomes using a combination of classification and regression metrics. Results During the study period, 82,404 burn patients with a thermal etiology were identified in the analysis. The ANN models will likely tend to overfit the data, which can be resolved by ending the model training early or adding additional regularization parameters. Further exploration of the advantages and limitations of these models is forthcoming as metric analyses become available. Conclusions In this proof-of-concept study, we anticipate that at least one ML model will predict the targeted outcomes of thermal burn patient mortality and length of stay as judged by the fidelity with which it matches the logistic regression analysis. These advancements can then help disaster preparedness programs consider resource limitations during catastrophic incidents resulting in burn injuries.

scholarly journals Influence of Commercial Insurance Purchase on the Health Status of Chinese Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Chang Xu ◽  
Xiu-Juan Li ◽  
Meng-Yao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Research Result ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Commercial Insurance ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Better Than

Under the context of rapid economic and social development, and growing demands for a better life, Chinese residents have been increasingly concerned with their health status and issues. In this study, the internal relations between the purchase of commercial insurance by residents and their health status are analyzed and studied with a polytomous logit model based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2015. According to the research result, purchase of commercial insurance significantly improved the health status of residents, with an improving effect for rural residents apparently better than that among urban residents. In addition, purchase of commercial insurance can promote the health status of residents by increasing their household income. This research will provide an effective reference for the innovative development and medical reform of the commercial insurance of China in the future, which is theoretically and practically significant to the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.

Cultural Capital and Volunteering: A Multilevel Study From China

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110573
Author(s):  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Haiwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects

In this article, we extend Wilson and Musick’s concept of cultural capital, which was defined as the culture of benevolence, to a multilevel concept and build a multilevel cultural capital theory about individual (nonmandatory) volunteering based on religious beliefs, political values, belief in social justice, and belief in social trust in the context of volunteering in China. Data from the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, China’s national and comprehensive large-scale social survey project, are used to empirically investigate the influences of individual-level cultural capital (values of benevolence) and contextual-level cultural capital (cultural climate of benevolence) on individual volunteering. In terms of individual-level cultural capital, membership in the Chinese Communist Party (China’s ruling party), belief in social justice, and belief in social trust have significant positive relationships with individual volunteering. In terms of contextual-level cultural capital, the religious climate and justice climate in a province have significant positive effects on individual volunteering.

The gender gap in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani ◽  
Vurain Tabvuma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Data Limitations

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the gender gaps in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations. Due to data limitations, the studies of work–life balance satisfaction have generally relied on researcher collected data. As a result, large-scale studies encompassing all occupations in the same social and policy context are rare. In several cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey, the respondents are directly asked about their work–life balance (WLB) satisfaction. The present paper takes advantage of this unique opportunity to compare the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations in Canada. Design/methodology/approach This paper pools four cross-sectional datasets (N = 37,335). Multivariate regression analysis is used. Findings Women in management and education are found to have a lower WLB satisfaction than their male counterparts. Conversely, and rather surprisingly, a WLB satisfaction advantage is found for women in transport over males in this occupation. Further investigation shows that the female WLB advantage in transport is driven by the relatively low WLB satisfaction of males in this occupation, while the opposite is true for education. Social implications The findings are discussed in light of the WLB policies and their increasing gender-blindness. Originality/value This paper is the first large-scale study which compares the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations, in a given policy context.

scholarly journals Outpatient Visits among Older Adults Living Alone in China: Does Health Insurance and City of Residence Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4256
Author(s):  
Jianyun Wang ◽  
Yaolin Pei ◽  
Renyao Zhong ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Basic Medical Insurance ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Basic Medical

This study aimed to examine the association between health insurance, city of residence, and outpatient visits among older adults living alone in China. A sample of 3173 individuals was derived from “Survey on Older Adults Aged 70 and Above Living Alone in Urban China” in five different cities. Logistic regression models indicated that older adults living alone who had urban employee basic medical insurance, urban resident basic medical insurance, and public medical insurance were more likely to have outpatient visits than those without any health insurance. After controlling the number of chronic diseases, only those with public medical insurance were more likely to have outpatient visits than uninsured older adults. Additionally, older adults who resided in Shanghai and Guangzhou were more likely to have outpatient visits than those in Chengdu, whereas older adults who were in Dalian and Hohhot were less likely to have outpatient visits. To improve the equity of outpatient visits among older adults living alone in China, policy efforts should be made to reduce fragmentation of different health insurance plans, expand the health insurance coverage for older adults, provide programs that consider the needs of this special group of older adults, and reduce the inequality in health resources and health insurance policies across cities.

scholarly journals Application of Urinary Polyphenol Biomarkers Measured by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Assess Polyphenol Intake and Their Association with Overweight and Obesity in Free-Living Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyue Yang ◽  
Helu Xiu ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Hongna Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Polyphenol Intake ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Although some polyphenol biomarkers in serum or urine have been identified by untargeted metabolomics and proved to reflect dietary polyphenol intake, only a few of them have been validated in different studies and populations with simple and reliable targeted methods. In the present study, a targeted metabolomics method by LC/MS/MS for the measurement of twenty-two polyphenol biomarkers in urine samples was established and validated to effectively assess the habitual polyphenol intake in free-living healthy Chinese subjects. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess relationships of biomarkers with overweight and obesity after adjusting for potential confounders. The levels of urinary polyphenol biomarkers, especially gut microbial metabolites of polyphenols, were inversely associated with overweight and obesity, and this association was more pronounced in the inflammatory groups, suggesting that it is of great importance to maintain polyphenol biomarkers at high levels or intake-sufficient polyphenols in obesity with chronic inflammation than others. The measurement of these biomarkers may offer a valid alternative or complementary addition to self-reported survey for the evaluation of polyphenol intake and investigation into their relationships with chronic disease-related endpoints in large-scale clinical and epidemiologic studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document