scholarly journals Empathizing and Sympathizing With Robots: Implications for Moral Standing

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Santiago Quick
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Moral Consideration ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference

This paper discusses the ethical nature of empathetic and sympathetic engagement with social robots, ultimately arguing that an entity which is engaged with through empathy or sympathy is engaged with as an “experiencing Other” and is as such due at least “minimal” moral consideration. Additionally, it is argued that extant HRI research often fails to recognize the complexity of empathy and sympathy, such that the two concepts are frequently treated as synonymous. The arguments for these claims occur in two steps. First, it is argued that there are at least three understandings of empathy, such that particular care is needed when researching “empathy” in human-robot interactions. The phenomenological approach to empathy—perhaps the least utilized of the three discussed understandings—is the approach with the most direct implications for moral standing. Furthermore, because “empathy” and “sympathy” are often conflated, a novel account of sympathy which makes clear the difference between the two concepts is presented, and the importance for these distinctions is argued for. In the second step, the phenomenological insights presented before regarding the nature of empathy are applied to the problem of robot moral standing to argue that empathetic and sympathetic engagement with an entity constitute an ethical engagement with it. The paper concludes by offering several potential research questions that result from the phenomenological analysis of empathy in human-robot interactions.

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Analysis of the Posthumanized Future Workplace

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Gladden
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Scale

Increasingly, organizations are becoming “technologically posthumanized” through the integration of social robots, AI, virtual reality, and ubiquitous computing into the workplace. Here a phenomenological approach is used to anticipate architectural transformations of the workplace resulting from posthumanization’s challenge to traditional anthropocentric paradigms of the workplace as a space that exists at “human” scale, possesses a trifold boundary, and serves as a spatiotemporal filter.

scholarly journals Motivation Differences behind Knowledge Sharing Behaviour among Instagram Food Bloggers in Bandung

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Sofa Parihah Nurasiah ◽  
◽  
Anggara Wisesa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Product Reviews ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Restaurant Owners

Abstract. Since becoming a "pop culture" for the millennial generation in sharing information and knowledge, social media has been able to open opportunities for culinary industry players, especially restaurant owners and food bloggers, to collaborate using social media to achieve mutually beneficial goals. Food bloggers uniquely connect restaurants and consumers through culinary product reviews, categorised as knowledge sharing. However, the difference in the motivation behind the knowledge sharing process raises questions about the practice of knowledge sharing that is carried out because of monetary motivation and non-monetary motivation. Following that question, this study aims to understand the motivation behind knowledge sharing activity and sustainability carried out by food bloggers as knowledge contributors. Using the phenomenological approach and method, this research was conducted by arranging interviews with notable food blog account owners on Instagram to explore their experiences as a food blogger. The phenomenological analysis is used to reveal the essence of their experience related to motivation to become a food blogger that encourages them to share their knowledge on social media. The study conducted found that the shift from non-professionals to non-professional food bloggers was due to the trend of reviewing food and requests for cooperation from other Instagram users. On the go, no food blogger has purely monetary or non-monetary motivations. Both motivations emerge and have their respective impacts. Monetary motivation allows food bloggers to experience knowledge-sharing process and behaviour adjustments due to cooperation with restaurant owners. In contrast, non-monetary motivation enables food bloggers to carry out knowledge sharing processes and behaviours independently. Keywords: Knowledge sharing quality, monetary motivation, non-monetary motivation, food blogger, social media

scholarly journals On the Juridical Relevance of the Phenomenological Notion of Person in Max Scheler and Edith Stein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galofaro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Units

AbstractThe paper presents a semiotic interpretation of the phenomenological debate on the notion of person, focusing in particular on Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, and Edith Stein. The semiotic interpretation lets us identify the categories that orient the debate: collective/individual and subject/object. As we will see, the phenomenological analysis of the relation between person and social units such as the community, the association, and the mass shows similarities to contemporary socio-semiotic models. The difference between community, association, and mass provides an explanation for the establishment of legal systems. The notion of person we inherit from phenomenology can also be useful in facing juridical problems raised by the use of non-human decision-makers such as machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence applications.

scholarly journals STUDI FENOMENOLOGI PENGALAMAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI MAHASISWA PAPUA DI SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Wijanarko ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Local Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Difference

This study was aimed to explore the Papua students' adaptation experience while they are studying in Surabaya. A qualitative approach with phenomenological method was applied. Seven participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data collected using semi-structural interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results shows that Papua students face many difficulties in adapting to the local society. The difference in physical characteristics, language and cultural habit are the main reasons. These difficulties affect their personal and sosial life. At personal level, inferiority and sensitivity are the main issues, while at the social level, passivity and enclave formation are dominant tendencies. In order to solve the difficulties and its effects, participants apply some strategies, namely avoidance, self control, and active coping. These strategies are chosen by participants to gain self development and wellbeing. It can be concluded from the result that most partisipants are facing adaptation difficulties while they are studying in Surabaya; however, they make some efforts to cope the difficulties.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengalaman penyesuaian dirivmahasiswa Papua di Surabaya. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologis digunakan. Tujuh partisipan berhasil direkrut dengan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mahasiswa Papua di Surabaya mengalami berbagai hambatan dalam menyesuaikan diri ketika sedang menjalani kuliah. Penyebab hambatan itu adalah adalah perbedaan dalam bahasa dan kebiasaan budaya. Partisipan juga mempersepsi perbedaan fisik dan warna kulit sebagai penyebab hambatan interaksi. Hambatan interaksi yang dihadapi menimbulkan dampak personal maupun sosial bagi para partisipan. Inferioritas dan sensitifitas adalah di antara beberapa dampak personal yang dialami. Sedangkan kecenderungan untuk lebih bergaul hanya dengan sesama mahasiswa Papua dan keengganan berhubungan dekat dengan mahasiswa dan masyarakat lokal menjadi dampak sosialnya. Namun, adanya hambatan interaksi dan dampaknya tersebut disadari oleh partisipan cukup merugikan sehingga mereka menjalankan beberapa strategi penyesuaian diri untuk mengatasinya. Beberapa strategi yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah: menghindar dari masalah (avoidance), berupaya mengendalikan emosi, pikiran, dan perilaku (self control), dan menghadapi masalah secara aktif (active coping). Berbagai strategi tersebut dilakukan terutama didorong oleh dua tujuan, yaitu demi pengembangan diri dan untuk menjaga kesejahteraan psikologis mereka. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa partisipan penelitian ini menghadapi berbagai kesulitan dalam beradaptasi dengan masyarakat lokal di mana mereka sedang studi, namun mereka melakukan upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan adaptasi tersebut.

Fulfilment time performance of online retailers – an empirical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingran Zhang ◽  
Sevilay Onal ◽  
Rohit Das ◽  
Amanda Helminsky ◽  
Sanchoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
Order Fulfilment ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Fast fulfilment is a key performance measure in online retail, and some retailers have achieved faster times by adopting new designs in their order fulfilment infrastructure. This research empirically confirms and quantifies the fulfilment time advantage that Amazon has achieved, relative to other online retailers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate three research questions: what is the overall mean fulfilment time difference between the new logistics designs of Amazon and the alternative designs of other retailers? For each order what is the distribution of the fulfilment time difference? What is the difference in fulfilment time by product category, price and size? Design/methodology/approach This research uses an empirical method to evaluate the fulfilment time performance of consumer orders made through the Amazon website and one or more competing online retailers. For 1,000 different products two fulfilment times, one at Amazon and another at a competing omnichannel retailer, are recorded. The analysis is then focused on the comparison between this paired data. Findings The research confirms that the new logistics methods, including physical facilities, distribution networks and intelligent order processing methods, have resulted in faster order fulfilment times. The performance, though, is not universally dominant and for 33 per cent of orders, the difference is 1 day or less. The fulfilment time difference varied by product, category, price or size. Practical implications The ongoing transformation of fulfilment and logistics operations at online retailers has generated several new research questions. This includes the need to confirm the fulfilment efficiency of the new designs and specify time targets. This paper identifies the fulfilment time gap between new and traditional operations. The results suggest that store-based or distribution centre-based fulfilment strategies may not match the new designs. Originality/value The study provides a quantitative analysis of the fulfilment time differentials in online retailing. The critical role of fulfilment logistics in the rapidly growing online retail industry can now be better modelled and studied. The survey method representing a single buyer allows for order pair equivalency and eliminates order bias. The results suggest that new warehousing and logistics designs can lead to significantly faster fulfilment times.

scholarly journals The Weight of a Backpack: A Phenomenological Analysis of Typical Chinese Children's Songs

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Heping Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children's Songs ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose —The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of the weight of a backpack as represented in typical Chinese children's songs through a kind of phenomenological approach. Design/Approach/Methods —The core issue pertaining to Chinese children's songs about backpacks is how the weight sense of backpacks is generated and developed in the field of song phenomenology. Findings —The “whatness” of a backpack in typical songs has varied over the past six decades, meanwhile, the backpack and its songs conceal not only the secrets of childhood but also those of China's educational system. Originality/Value —The originality of this paper embodies the unique perspective to provide a new insight into the current scholarship of the micro-politics of song-singing and the weight sense of backpack.

The Moral Standing of States Revisited

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
World Community ◽  
Central Value ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cold War

“The Moral Standing of States” is the title of an essay Michael Walzer wrote in response to four critics of the theory of nonintervention defended in Just and Unjust Wars. It states a theme to which he has returned in subsequent work. I offer four sets of comments. First, by way of introduction, I describe the controversy between Walzer and his critics and try to identify the central point of contention. Second, I make some observations about the wider conception of global justice suggested by Walzer's remarks, emphasizing the extent of the difference between this conception and the traditional view of a “society of states” to which it stands as an alternative. The central value in Walzer's conception is collective self-determination, so I comment about its meaning and importance. Finally, I consider whether and how concerns about the moral standing of states bear on the kinds of cases of humanitarian intervention that the world community has actually faced since the book and article were written, particularly since the end of the cold war.

Delusional atmosphere and the sense of unreality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Radical Empathy

In this chapter, I begin by outlining Jaspers’ account of ‘delusional atmosphere’ or ‘delusional mood’, focusing upon the ‘sense of unreality’ that is central to it. Then I critically discuss his well-known claim that certain ‘primary delusions’ or ‘delusions proper’ cannot be understood phenomenologically. I reject that view and instead sketch how we might build upon Jaspers’ insights by developing a clearer, more detailed phenomenological analysis of delusional atmosphere, thus further illuminating how certain delusional beliefs arise. However, I concede that this task poses a particular challenge for empathy, and suggest that a distinctive kind of empathy is required in order to overcome it. I call this ‘radical empathy’. I conclude by considering how we might relate a phenomenological approach along these lines to non-phenomenological research on delusions, and tentatively suggest that recent neurobiological work on ‘predictive coding’ might offer a complementary way of explaining them. I do not claim (or seek) to naturalise the phenomenology through neurobiology, but I at least maintain that there is potential for fruitful commerce between the two.

The Subject’s Life and the Life of Manifestation: Towards a Privative Biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Barbaras
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The universal a priori of the correlation between transcendental being and its subjective modes of givenness constitutes the minimal framework for any phenomenological approach. The proper object of phenomenology is then to characterize both the exact nature of the correlation and the sense of being of the terms in relation, that is to say, of subject and world. It involves demonstrating that a rigorous analysis of the correlation unfolds necessarily on three levels and that phenomenology is thus destined to move beyond itself towards a cosmology and metaphysics. The phenomenological correlation that we will establish is essentially a relation between a subject that is desire and a world that is pure transcendence and assumes their common belonging to a φύσίς whose description stems from a cosmology. But the difference of the subject, without which there is no correlation, refers itself to a more originary split that affects the very process of the manifestation and opens the space of metaphysics.

scholarly journals Comparison of influence of selected viral advertising attributes on shopping behavior of Millennials – empirical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Martin Mudrik ◽  
Martin Rigelsky ◽  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Radovan Bačik ◽  
Richard Fedorko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vega 1 ◽  
Research Grant

The study aims to evaluate the impact of selected factors of viral campaigns on Millennials customers’ consumer behavior. This goal was achieved in two steps: in the first step, the authors determined the impact of selected attributes on purchasing behavior in general, and in the second step, they compared the impact of the selected research campaigns – the guerrilla campaign of the company 4KA and the viral campaign of the company ABSOLUT. The inputs to the analyses were obtained through answers from 360 respondents, which completed the questionnaire on a sample of Millennials customers generation (1975–2000) – social generation, which collaborate and cooperate, expect technology to simply work for adventure and passionate about values (Smith, Nichols, 2015). The survey part of the questionnaire consisted of 8 attributes (Novelty, Relevance, Aesthetics, Clarity, Humor, Emotion arousal, Surprise, Design, Purchase intention). Data were collected based on participants’ availability and their will to participate in the questionnaire and quota selection. The PLS PM method was used to assess the impact, and the bootstrap-based parametric method was used to assess the difference in the impact. One of the most important findings is that attributes such as Novelty, Relevance, Humor, and Surprise significantly affect purchasing behavior. Concerning the company 4KA, significant impacts were seen in Relevance and Surprise, and with the company ABSOLUT, significant impacts were seen in Relevance, Humor, and Surprise. When analyzing the difference in the impact, there were no significant differences between the campaigns. Acknowledgment This article is one of the partial outputs under the scientific research grant VEGA 1/0694/20, VEGA 1/0609/19.

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