scholarly journals Interplay Among the Oral Microbiome, Oral Cavity Conditions, the Host Immune Response, Diabetes Mellitus, and Its Associated-Risk Factors—An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais de Cássia Negrini ◽  
Iracilda Zeppone Carlos ◽  
Cristiane Duque ◽  
Karina Sampaio Caiaffa ◽  
Rodrigo Alex Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This comprehensive review of the literature aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, and host immune response in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review also aimed to investigate how DM related risk factors, such as advanced age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), act in promoting or modifying specific mechanisms that could potentially perpetuate both altered systemic and oral conditions. We found that poorly controlled glycemic index may exert a negative effect on the immune system of affected individuals, leading to a deficient immune response or to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response exacerbating DM-related complications. Hyperglycemia induces alterations in the oral microbiome since poor glycemic control is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with DM. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal diseases and DM has been suggested: DM patients may have an exaggerated inflammatory response, poor repair and bone resorption that aggravates periodontal disease whereas the increased levels of systemic pro-inflammatory mediators found in individuals affected with periodontal disease exacerbates insulin resistance. SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an aggravating factor for individuals with DM. Individuals with DM tend to have low salivary flow and a high prevalence of xerostomia, but the association between prevalence/experience of dental caries and DM is still unclear. DM has also been associated to the development of lesions in the oral mucosa, especially potentially malignant ones and those associated with fungal infections. Obesity plays an important role in the induction and progression of DM. Co-affected obese and DM individuals tend to present worse oral health conditions. A decrease in HDL and, an increase in triglycerides bloodstream levels seem to be associated with an increase on the load of periodontopathogens on oral cavity. Moreover, DM may increase the likelihood of halitosis. Prevalence of impaired taste perception and impaired smell recognition tend to be greater in DM patients. An important interplay among oral cavity microbiome, DM, obesity and hypertension has been proposed as the reduction of nitrate into nitrite, in addition to contribute to lowering of blood pressure, reduces oxidative stress and increases insulin secretion, being these effects desirable for the control of obesity and DM. Women with PCOS tend to present a distinct oral microbial composition and an elevated systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, but the association between oral microbiome, PCOS are DM is still unknown. The results of the studies presented in this review suggest the interplay among the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, host immune response and DM and some of the DM associated risk factors exist. DM individuals need to be encouraged and motivated for an adequate oral health care. In addition, these results show the importance of adopting multidisciplinary management of DM and of strengthening physicians-dentists relationship focusing on both systemic and on oral cavity conditions of DM patients.

Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of diabetes mellitus among the Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Muhammad H Mujammami ◽  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim AlJabri ◽  
Ahmad Alhumaidi Alanazi ◽  
Sultan Sayyaf Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: High prevalence of undiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the last two decades, most patients with DM only become aware of their condition once they develop a complication. Limited data are available regarding the knowledge and awareness about DM and the associated risk factors, complications and management in Saudi society. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge of DM in general Saudi society and among Saudi healthcare workers. Results: Only 37.3% of the participants were aware of the current DM prevalence. Obesity was the most frequently identified risk factor for DM. Most comparisons indicated better awareness among health workers. Conclusion: A significant lack of knowledge about DM in Saudi society was identified. Social media and educational curriculum can improve knowledge and awareness of DM.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Saleem ◽  
Mohamed O’haj ◽  
Faleh Th. Mohammed ◽  
Mutasim E. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods.  Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected.  Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo LIU ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Dongling Zhong ◽  
Yuxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing in China. Both physical and psychological complications occur along with the development of T2DM. The patients with depression account for a significant proportion of T2DM. Depressive symptoms interfere with blood glucose management, leading to poorer treatment outcome and even relate to the occurrence of other serious complications of T2DM population. Among these T2DM patients with depression, early detection and treatment is essential and effective. Knowledge of the current prevalence of depression in T2DM patients as well as associated risk factors may be meaningful for healthcare planning. Therefore, we plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the Chinese prevalence of depression in T2DM and explore associated risk factors.Methods: We will search literatures recorded in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang database (Wanfang Data). The grey literatures and reference list will be manually searched. We will include population-based, cross-sectional surveys that investigated the Chinese prevalence of depression in T2DM or/and researched the possible risk factors. Two reviewers will screen studies, extract data and evaluate quality independently. We will assess inter-rater agreement between reviewers for study inclusion, data extraction, and study quality assessment using Kappa statistics. The primary outcome will be the pooled Chinese prevalence of depression in T2DM patients. The secondary outcome will contain the potential risk factors for depression in patients with T2DM. R software (version 3.6.1) and STATA software (version 12) will be used for data analysis.Discussion: This systematic review will provide comprehensive evidence of the Chinese prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with T2DM. we expect to provide evidence basis for healthcare practitioners and policy makers to pay attention to the mental health of T2DM. Our data will highlight the need and importance of early detection and intervention for depression in patients with T2DM. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020182979.

scholarly journals Immunity and its role in periodontal diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Irina Dumitrache ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Common Chronic Disease

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic disease, with a prevalence between 5% and 30% in adult population aged 25-75. In the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, the host immune response has a great importance and in the last years it has been underlined the role of immunomodulatory therapy in the management of periodontal disease. Septilin is a herbal immunomodulatory with clinical efficacy proven in the periodontal disease.

The morbidity and associated risk factors of cancer in chronic liver disease patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter field survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Kawaguchi ◽  
Motoyuki Kohjima ◽  
Tatsuki Ichikawa ◽  
Masataka Seike ◽  
Yasushi Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Dental fluorosis and associated risk factors in early adolescents in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Astha Chauhan ◽  
Arunoday Kumar ◽  
Siddharth Kumar ◽  
Anjali Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Water Fluoride

AbstractBackgroundDental fluorosis has a negative impact on the facial esthetics of adolescents and is a worldwide oral health concern.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated risk factors for dental fluorosis in early adolescents in India.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out on 800 adolescent school children selected from the Jhabua and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. The children were in the of 12–15-year age group. A total of eight schools from both Jhabua and Dhar districts were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire collected information on demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and various risk factors for dental fluorosis. Water samples were collected from each zone and sent to a laboratory for water fluoride estimation. Dental fluorosis was assessed using the Dean index. Chi-squared (χ2) and logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 40.5% in early adolescents. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 45% in the Jhabua district and 36% in the Dhar district. The water fluoride content was found to be the strongest predictor for dental fluorosis followed by the method of water storage.ConclusionDental fluorosis affects a large number of adolescents in both the Jhabua and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh. Effective policies focusing on oral health education and prevention of dental fluorosis need to be drafted.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of professional hygiene results in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and overweight

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
E. V. Grinenko ◽  
A. Yu. Kropotina ◽  
N. A. Iamanidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Relevance. At present, the problem of the prevalence of overweight is becoming increasingly important in countries with a high standard of living, especially among the urban population. The social significance of this problem is determined by the threat of the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, as well as diabetes mellitus, which in turn are serious risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal pathology. One of the stages in the treatment of periodontal diseases is professional oral hygiene, the tactics of which, the effectiveness and stability of the results obtained also depend on taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism. Objective – to assess the effect of overweight (ICD 10 - K63.5) on the manifestation of periodontal disease and the clinical effectiveness of professional oral hygiene as a stage of initial periodontal therapy in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study involved 83 patients with diabetes mellitus type I aged 25 to 45 years with overweight and normal constitution, with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity. All patients underwent a standard complex of professional oral hygiene. Re-examination was carried out after 1 month. Results. The severity of clinical manifestations of periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus and overweight was higher than in the group of patients with normal constitution. The analysis of the effectiveness of professional oral hygiene as one of the stages of conservative periodontal therapy revealed differences in the response from the organism as a whole, and periodontal tissues in particular in the examined groups, demonstrating the pathological effect of excess body weight on the decrease in the effectiveness of hygiene measures. Conclusion. The identification of differences in the examined groups confirms the importance of overweight as an aggravating component in patients with periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus type I and dictates the need for a more detailed study of this parameter in the management of patients in this group and predicting treatment results, as well as creates the need for development and implementation of a comprehensive treatment and prevention strategy, including the assessment and monitoring of body mass index, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, elimination of modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu G Mangla ◽  
Raman Kapur ◽  
Abhishek Dhindsa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the prevalence, distribution, and associated risk factors of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 12- to 36-month-old children of district Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on a random sample of 510 children, both boys and girls, between 12 and 36 months of age randomly selected from various government-sponsored day-care centers, private day-care centers, and vaccination centers. Caries was recorded using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. A two-sided p value was calculated for each statistical test. Multiple logistic regressions were done to calculate the risk of S-ECC from independent variables. Results In the present study, S-ECC was found in 21% of 510, 12 to 36 months old children of Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The S-ECC was found to be significantly higher in 25 to 36 months old children's age group and was 27.8% in them as compared with 8% in 12 to 24 months old children. Conclusion Providing anticipatory guidance and education to parents is essential for the promotion of optimal oral health of their children. There is a need for moving upstream to propose and implement policies and programs to improve the oral health of the very young, especially in a developing country like India, which lacks much data on S-ECC. How to cite this article Mangla RG, Kapur R, Dhindsa A, Madan M. Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):183-187.

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