scholarly journals Towards Fully Purposing Universities to Deliver Public Benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tyndale ◽  
Sarah Chaytor ◽  
G. David Price
Keyword(s):  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Mutual Knowledge ◽  
The Many

In leadership positions at UCL, we have spent more than a decade seeking to fulfil our university's founding commitment—inspired almost two centuries ago by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham—to innovation, accessibility, and relevance for the benefit of humanity. Our guiding principle has been to make our institution and its activities greater than the sum of its parts. To enable us to have most impact in “sustainable human progress,” we have focused our approach on cross-disciplinarity—by which we mean collaboration between experts in different disciplines that transcends subject boundaries—because the problems faced by society cannot be solved by research from one discipline alone. In recent years we have come to understand the boundaries between disciplines to be a subset of the many types of barriers—such as those between communities (disciplinary, academic and otherwise) and between different kinds of activity—that can inhibit the fulfilment of our vision to maximise our public benefit. In order to address crucial challenges—from the local to the global—we need to form collaborations across society that increase our mutual knowledge and engagement. We need to understand how the translation and application of knowledge will change in different settings and according to different practicalities. And we need to better reflect and enhance our role as convenors of different stakeholders to promote greater shared dialogue, co-creation and action.

scholarly journals Ageism on Campus: Opportunities to Include Age in Diversity and Inclusion Efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Cassandra Barragan ◽  
Stephanie Wladkowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Abstract Diversity and inclusion are essential perspectives on university campuses. In recent years, there has been a nationwide decline in admissions resulting in changes to traditionally FTIAC driven college campuses. An environmental scan was completed at a mid-sized midwestern university to explore age-inclusive barriers and opportunities for change. In-depth interviews were held with 28 EMU stakeholders representing a wide variety of ages in leadership positions across campus. Students aged 40 and above (N=248) were also surveyed about their experiences on campus. Qualitative analysis revealed ageist attitudes about older adults and older students from at all levels of the university. Results demonstrate that initial responses to ‘age-friendly’ focused on stereotypes of older adults, but attitudes adjusted when reframed as older learners and further refined when older learners were defined as 40 and above. Additionally, there was a distinct disconnect between ageist perceptions towards older adults and older students which highlights the importance of intergenerational opportunities as an approach to combat ageist attitudes on campus. While these barriers require long-term and complicated solutions, participants described the many benefits that older learners bring to enrich the campus. Results of this research revealed opportunities to reframe aging in the context of diversity and inclusion efforts on campus. Adopting diversity efforts to include age can benefit universities in not only admissions, classroom experiences, and connections to surrounding communities.

scholarly journals An Iterative Multi-Source Mutual Knowledge Transfer Framework for Machine Reading Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jinsong Su ◽  
Yubin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Mutual Knowledge ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Knowledge Distillation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Machine Reading

The lack of sufficient training data in many domains, poses a major challenge to the construction of domain-specific machine reading comprehension (MRC) models with satisfying performance. In this paper, we propose a novel iterative multi-source mutual knowledge transfer framework for MRC. As an extension of the conventional knowledge transfer with one-to-one correspondence, our framework focuses on the many-to-many mutual transfer, which involves synchronous executions of multiple many-to-one transfers in an iterative manner.Specifically, to update a target-domain MRC model, we first consider other domain-specific MRC models as individual teachers, and employ knowledge distillation to train a multi-domain MRC model, which is differentially required to fit the training data and match the outputs of these individual models according to their domain-level similarities to the target domain. After being initialized by the multi-domain MRC model, the target-domain MRC model is fine-tuned to match both its training data and the output of its previous best model simultaneously via knowledge distillation. Compared with previous approaches, our framework can continuously enhance all domain-specific MRC models by enabling each model to iteratively and differentially absorb the domain-shared knowledge from others. Experimental results and in-depth analyses on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.

The Greatest Beauty for the Greatest Number

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Anton Howes
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Masses

This chapter introduces Henry Cole, who was heavily influenced by the ideas of the philosopher Jeremy Bentham and became the conduit for utilitarianism into the Royal Society of Arts. It analyzes Bentham's proposed alternative that based everything on a fundamental guiding principle of achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. It also mentions utilitarian reformers inspired by Bentham that introduced improvements for the benefit of “the masses” or the “people.” The chapter talks about Rowland Hill, a utilitarian reformer who tried to create a national prepaid postage system. It examines Hill's scheme to replace the messy postal system that favoured only the rich and powerful by promoting a flat rate so that any letter weighing under an ounce might be sent to anywhere in the country for just a penny.

scholarly journals AN INTERVIEW WITH ASSAR LINDBECK

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorvaldur Gylfason
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Sweden has a long and distinguished tradition in economics, beginning with Knut Wicksell and continuing with Gustav Cassel, Eli Heckscher, Erik Lindahl, Gunnar Myrdal, Bertil Ohlin, and Erik Lundberg, all of whom are now gone. Yet, for several of these men, economics was not enough: Wicksell spoke out on moral issues and served time in jail, and Myrdal was for many years a high official at the United Nations and, briefly, a cabinet minister, as was Ohlin, who made his mark at home primarily as leader of the opposition in a country governed mostly by Social Democrats, serving in parliament for 32 years. For Assar Lindbeck, however, economics has been broad enough: he has devoted a long and distinguished career to economics, and to economics alone, with unfailing enthusiasm and energy over half a century. Not that he was not wanted elsewhere: over the years, he has declined challenging job offers from an international organization and a Swedish daily newspaper, to name but two examples, as well as from universities outside Sweden. Assar has managed to harness his varied and wide-ranging talents within the many mansions of economics. He is one of the most versatile economists of his generation. Indeed, he is one of the few who, for clarity, need to divide their bibliography into categories by subject: Macroeconomics and monetary economics, Public economics, Labor economics, International economics, Economic systems and economic structures, Methodology and history of economic thought, and Swedish economy. His work on these different subjects has ranged from pure theory to applied policy-oriented and empirical studies. In addition to the numerous scientific publications listed at the end of this interview, his bibliography includes nearly 200 articles for magazines and newspapers. His ivory tower has always been equipped with a high-speed elevator. But, as he points out in the conversation to follow, all his research work, as well as his journalism, is driven by an overarching interest in bettering economic policy and organization—in other words, boosting economic and social efficiency for the purpose of lifting ordinary people's standard of life. This has been, and remains, a guiding principle—a Leitmotiv, if you prefer—from which he has never swerved. Assar Lindbeck is a towering figure in Swedish economics and in Swedish national life.

scholarly journals AACSB International’s 2013 accreditation standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan P. Miles ◽  
Geralyn McClure Franklin ◽  
Kirk Heriot ◽  
Linda Hadley ◽  
Mary Hazeldine
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Business Faculty ◽  
Senior Faculty ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Accreditation Standards ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Professional Leadership ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of the 2013 Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) Accreditation Standards for both business faculty and their deans who are responsible for implementing these changes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a speculative viewpoint on the implications of the 2013 AACSB standards by a set of a co-authors that include AACSB deans who are active in accreditation reviews and serve as mentors to schools in the accreditation process and senior faculty who have written self-studies for AACSB and served as consultants for schools seeking AACSB accreditation internationally. Findings – The implications of the 2013 AACSB business accreditation standards are arguably positive for active scholars holding a relevant doctoral degree. For example, active and engaged scholarly faculty should appreciate the ability to use additional indicators of the impact of their career’s intellectual contributions (IC) including, but not limited to, citations, editor ships, professional leadership positions and other measures of professional esteem. Research limitations/implications – The implications of the 2013 AACSB accreditation standards for deans are potentially less positive. The new standards codify one of the deans’ major duties – that of ensuring that the faculty have resources adequate to support the school’s mission. Originality/value – This paper represents a starting point for understanding the implications of the 2013 AACSB accreditation standards, and that as the standards are operationalized over the subsequent years that these standards, like the previous changes in AACSB standards, will stimulate additional research on business school accreditation. The implications for both faculty and deans are speculative, but are grounded both by the literature and experience of the authors. The paper uses a set of tables to illustrate the impact of the new AACSB standards with examples for each guiding principle and standard.

S and T Fellowship Experiences in Washington, D.C.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Hutzel ◽  
Diana D. Glawe
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Members ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Technical Discipline ◽  
The Many ◽  
Motivating Factor

The currency of the engineering profession is knowledge. The knowledge gained by an engineer immersed in public policy is commonly undervalued because it is seen as not being applicable to the technical discipline. However, knowledge of the policymaking process is exactly what is needed to understand and communicate technical data in a way that decision-makers can leverage in developing prudent policies. So exposure to policy in effect enables engineers to apply their knowledge for public benefit — the genesis of the engineering discipline. This is only one of the many compelling reasons why interaction between engineers and policymakers should be valued by industry and academia. It was a motivating factor for two faculty members who recently made a temporary transition away from their respective universities to pursue Science and Technology fellowships in Washington, DC. Both individuals had tremendous experiences, professionally and personally, and encourage other engineers to make a similar adventure in Washington, DC one of their career goals.

Leadership skills as construed by nonprofit chief executives

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Kearns ◽  
Jonathan Livingston ◽  
Shelley Scherer ◽  
Lydia McShane
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Grid Technique ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
The Many

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how chief executives of 20 nonprofit organizations construe and prioritize the skills they use to perform typical leadership tasks. Design/methodology/approach – The in-depth interview protocol used in the study is based on the Repertory Grid Technique, which elicits assumptions, beliefs, and values of respondents without imposing the researchers’ implicit frame of reference. Findings – The interviews generated 285 skill constructs. Respondents in this study report that they utilize a mix of technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills. Interpersonal skills, especially communication and trust building, appear to be particularly prevalent among the many skills used by executives to perform their leadership tasks. Research limitations/implications – Because this is an exploratory study, its findings cannot yet be generalized to other contexts. Therefore, the paper concludes with some propositions for further research. Practical implications – The study may have implications for the design of curricula to prepare people to assume leadership positions in nonprofit organizations. Originality/value – This study uses a distinctive methodology to elicit from nonprofit leaders their assumptions and beliefs about the skills they use to perform leadership tasks. In this respect, the findings are grounded in the frames of reference of the subjects, not those of the researchers.

Of Debatable Benefit

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-181
Author(s):  
Nathan S. French
Keyword(s):  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

Though an individual may possess the correct intention for martyrdom-seeking, Jihadi-Salafi jurists argue that such intentionality does not secure the permissibility of a martyrdom-seeking operation. The operation as a legitimate tactic of war and struggle in God’s cause must also be debated. Beginning with a discussion of the permissibility of immersing oneself into a superior enemy force, and a question of the permissibility of striking human shields, this chapter argues that Jihadi-Salafi jurisprudence on the subject of martyrdom operations reveals a rearrangement of the objectives of the law. Such a rearrangement, the chapter concludes, suggests that for Jihadi-Salafis, it is to the public benefit of the umma to put the preservation of religion ahead of life, reason, lineage, or property. Such a move demands a comparison with Western utilitarian approaches, such as that of Jeremy Bentham.

Samuel Bentham’s Panopticon

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The World ◽  
1 Samuel ◽  
The Many

Credit for devising the Panoptical ‘inspection principle’ for prison design is attributed, perhaps now irrevocably, to Jeremy Bentham. However Jeremy always insisted that the original conception came from his younger brother Samuel – ‘After all, I have been obliged to go a-begging to my brother, and borrow an idea of his’. 1 Samuel was to have been an equal partner in the running of Jeremy’s Panopticon penitentiary. What is more, while Jeremy failed to get the penitentiary built in England despite twenty years’ lobbying and a large expense of his own money, Samuel actually erected a Panoptical ‘school of arts’ in Russia in 1807. In this paper I describe this remarkable Russian building, which has received only passing mention in the literature of architectural history and Bentham studies. The building admittedly in its short life had little influence outside Russia; but it anticipated in its geometry the many ‘radial prisons’ built across the world in the later Nineteenth Century. Indeed Samuel’s design avoided some of the contradictions that beset Jeremy’s own detailed penitentiary scheme of 1791 – contradictions which led to the failure of several of those prisons that put Jeremy’s plan directly into practice.

Consultations on a Constitution for Tripoli, between Jeremy Bentham and Hassuna D'Ghies, 1823

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Many

If Britain had needed a written constitution, the country would not have been short of draftsmen to prepare fundamental laws defining the legislature and the executive and delegating to them appropriate powers of government. However, their services have not been required. It has been mainly in the past twenty-five years that they have found an outlet for their talents through the drafting of constitutions for the many sovereign states that emerged during a period of imperial fission. Although these constitutions have differed in content, they have one thing in common: all of them include constitutional concepts and principles derived from the work of Jeremy Bentham.It is surprising, however, to find that Jeremy Bentham himself drafted a constitution for the ‘Barbary State’ of Tripoli in 1823. At the time, Tripoli was part of the Ottoman Turkish realm; a form of Islamic state in which concepts of government and law differed so clearly from those of the secular nation-states of Europe that comparison cannot be made succinctly. However, comparisons are unnecessary for present purposes. The operative point in 1823 was that Muslim law and Ottoman tradition left no room for the introduction of a secular constitution in one of its provinces. Nothing short of provincial secession or political revolution at the centre-the two most trodden paths to constitutional reform—could bring about what Bentham would have liked to achieve with his pen. He was not unaware of the difficulties that faced the project and this is reflected in the form he gave to his draft; for it is open to question whether it amounted to what is usually expected of a ‘constitution’.

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