The Use of Virtual Reality Technologies to Reduce Anxiety and Improve Experience in Chemotherapy Patients During Treatment

The study explored the potential benefits of virtual reality as a psychological intervention to induce positive emotions and reduce pain levels in participants receiving IV chemotherapy treatment. Participants in the study had the opportunity to select a nature theme of their choosing during their treatment session. The study provided a noninvasive solution that promoted relaxation to reduce anxiety by shifting an individual’s mood positively during treatment. The objective was met by measuring participants' mood and pain levels before and after the virtual reality experience and participant satisfaction with the use of the technology. The study was conducted in the chemotherapy treatment area at the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute and consisted of a mixed demographic of cancer diagnosed patients. Results of this study showed that participants felt more calm, relaxed, and content, as well as less tense after the use of VR. Participants showed high ratings of feeling immersed and distracted by feeling like they were visiting the places displayed and paid more attention to the said environment than their own thoughts. There was no significant difference in blood pressure, pain levels, feeling upset, or worried. A majority of participants preferred to have VR as part of their future experiences during treatment time.

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What Is the Relationship Among Positive Emotions, Sense of Presence, and Ease of Interaction in Virtual Reality Systems? An On-Site Evaluation of a Commercial Virtual Experience

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres_a_00325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 183-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Federica Pallavicini ◽

Alessandro Pepe ◽

Ambra Ferrari ◽

Giacomo Garcea ◽

Andrea Zanacchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Virtual Experience ◽

Sense Of Presence ◽

Before And After ◽

Site Evaluation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Renewal Project ◽

Urban Renewal Project

Scientific knowledge is still limited about the effect of commercial virtual reality content, such as experiences developed for advertising purposes, on individual emotional experience. In addition, even though correlations between emotional responses and perceived sense of presence in virtual reality have often been reported, the relationship remains unclear. Some studies have suggested an important effect of ease of interaction on both emotions and the sense of presence, but only a few studies have scientifically explored this topic. Within this context, this study aimed to: (a) test the effect of inducing positive emotions of a commercial virtual experience developed for the promotion of an urban renewal project, (b) investigate the relationship between positive emotions and the perceived sense of presence, and (c) explore the association between the ease of interaction of the virtual experience with positive emotions and the sense of presence reported by the users. Sixty-one participants were recruited from visitors to the 2017 Milan Design Week “Fuorisalone” event. A survey was administered before and after the experience to collect information about users' demographics, positive emotions, sense of presence, and the ease of interaction with the virtual content. Results give evidence that: (a) the commercial virtual reality experience was able to induce positive emotions; (b) the positive emotions reported by users were associated with the sense of presence experienced in the virtual environment, with a directional effect from emotion to sense of presence; and (c) the easier the interaction, the more the sense of presence and positive emotions were reported by users.

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Cyber sickness in low-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive virtual reality

Virtual Reality ◽

10.1007/s10055-021-00507-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sergo Martirosov ◽

Marek Bureš ◽

Tomáš Zítka

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual World ◽

Control Group ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Sense Of Presence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Immersive Environment ◽

Grooved Pegboard Test

AbstractIt is known that virtual reality (VR) experience may cause cyber sickness. One aspect of VR is an immersion or otherwise sense of presence, the sense of feeling oneself in a virtual world. In this paper an experiment which was conducted in order to find the link between level of immersion and cyber sickness felt by participants is presented. Eighty-nine participants aged between 19 and 36 years have been equally divided into four groups with different level of VR immersion. The low-immersive group was represented by PC with monoscopic screen, the semi-immersive group was represented by CAVE with stereoscopic projector, the fully immersive group was represented by VR head-mounted display, and the last group was the control group without any kind of immersion. The task for the participants was to navigate through the maze for a specified amount of time (10 min). The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire was used as a subjective measure tool for cyber sickness level and Grooved Pegboard Test for assessing the fine dexterity, both before and after the experiment. Regarding the time spend in VR the fully immersive environment had the biggest problems as more than half of the participants had to stop before 10 min (p < 0.001). Concerning the cyber sickness, the significant increase in nausea score between pre-test and post-test scores has been observed in semi-immersive group (p = 0.0018) and fully immersive group (p < 0.0001). The increase in oculomotor score was smaller. The significant difference was noted only in fully immersive group (p = 0.0449). In spite of great nausea factor after the VR immersion the participants did not show a decrease of fine dexterity in any group (p < 0.001).

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Virtual Reality Hypnosis for Anxiety and Pain Management in Intensive Care Units. A Prospective Randomized Trial Among Cardiac Surgery Patients.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60523/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Floriane Marie Rousseaux ◽

Nadia Dardenne ◽

Paul B Massion ◽

Didier Ledoux ◽

Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

French Speaking

Abstract Background: Although non-pharmacological tools are nowadays commonly used in medical settings, virtual reality and hypnosis are little studied in complex contexts such as intensive care, where patients need significant physical and psychological assistance. The aim of the project is to evaluate the benefits of hypnosis, virtual reality (VR) and the combination of hypnosis and virtual reality (VRH) on anxiety and pain on patients before and after a cardiac surgery.Methods: This prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in the University Hospital of Liege (Belgium). Participants are adults undergoing cardiac surgery, French speaking. Exclusion criteria are patients with psychiatric diseases, claustrophobia, acrophobia, heavy hearing impairment, visual impairment, extreme fatigue, verbal incoherence, surgery cancelled or postponed. The day before the surgery, patients were randomly assigned to four arms (control, hypnosis, VR and VRH) and had 20 minutes of one of the technique. They received the same intervention one day after surgery, in intensive care units. Anxiety, pain, fatigue, relaxation and physiological parameters were evaluated before and after each session.Results: 100 patients (66.38 ± 11.48 years; 76 men, 24 women) were included. Results showed that anxiety decreased from baseline to postoperative day in all groups. Relaxation increased in all groups in preoperative (p = .000) and postoperative period (p = 0.03). There were no significant results for pain and fatigue (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between control group and hypnosis, VR or VRH.Conclusion: Anxiety decreased and relaxation increased in all groups, including control group. We cannot affirm that one technique is better than another is. Nevertheless, this study helps to expand the knowledge regarding application of virtual reality, hypnosis and virtual reality hypnosis in the specific contexts of cardiac surgery and intensive care units. Additional studies are required to compare and evaluate the costs-effectiveness of these techniques for critical care patients and caregivers (see Figure 1).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03820700. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03820700. Registered on January 29 2019. Retrospectively registered.

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The Effect Of Hynotherapy Technique On The Characteristics Nuasea Of Patients That Achieve Chemotherapy In The Mitra Plumbon Hospital Cirebon

Jurnal Kesehatan Mahardika ◽

10.54867/jkm.v5i2.50 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Ahmad Syaripudin

Keyword(s):

Experimental Methods ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Test Design ◽

Test Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

Chemotherapy Patients ◽

The Brain

Background. Hypnotherapy is a hypnotic application in curing psychological disorders and relieving physical disorders. The mechanism of action of hypnosis is based on the subconscious. Some scientists speculate that hypnosis stimulates the brain to release neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain), encephalin, and endorphins and suppress the hypothalamus, which functions to improve mood so that it can change the individual's acceptance of nausea. Purpose. This research aims to determine the effect of hypnotherapy techniques on the characteristics of nausea in patients who underwent chemotherapy in hospitals Mitra Plumbon Cirebon. Method. This study used pre experimental methods with non-randomized one group pre test and post test design performed on patients chemotherapy who experienced nausea. The sample in this study is the entire population of patients who have undergone chemotherapy and experienced nausea in the hospital Mitra Plumbon the total samples are 54 respondent data analysis used Wilcoxon Test. Result. The result of the research on 54 subjects in hypnotherapy showed the nausea characteristics of chemotherapy patients before and after hypnotherapy was 51 people with decreased nausea, 3 people with the result remained nauseous and nobody experienced increased nausea. Wilxocon Signed Ranks Test Test results obtained significancy value 0.000 (p, 0.05), thus there is a significant difference of nausea characteristics before after hypnotherapy. Conclusions. This suggests that hypnotherapy is effective and effective against the reduction of nausea characteristics in chemotherapy patients. It is hoped that the action of hypnotherapy can be made as an intervention in dealing with nausea.

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Comparison between an Acrylic Splint Herbst and an Acrylic Splint Miniscrew-Herbst for Mandibular Incisors Proclination Control

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/173187 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Antonio Manni ◽

Marco Pasini ◽

Laura Mazzotta ◽

Sabrina Mutinelli ◽

Claudio Nuzzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Test Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Herbst Appliance ◽

Base Position ◽

Several Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Skeletal Effects ◽

Cephalometric Measurements

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare dental and skeletal effects produced by an acrylic splint Herbst with and without skeletal anchorage for correction of dental class II malocclusion.Methods. The test group was formed by 14 patients that were treated with an acrylic splint miniscrew-Herbst; miniscrews were placed between mandibular second premolars and first molars; controls also consisted of 14 subjects that were treated with an acrylic splint Herbst and no miniscrews. Cephalometric measurements before and after Herbst treatment were compared. The value ofαfor significance was set at 0.05.Results. All subjects from both groups were successfully treated to a bilateral Class I relationship; mean treatment time was 8,1 months in the test group and 7.8 in the controls. Several variables did not have a statistical significant difference between the two groups. Some of the variables, instead, presented a significant difference such as incisor flaring, mandibular bone base position, and skeletal discrepancy.Conclusions. This study showed that the Herbst appliance associated to miniscrews allowed a better control of the incisor flaring with a greater mandibular skeletal effect.

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124 Virtual Reality for Reducing Pain and Perioperative Anxiety in Pediatric Burn Patients

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S83-S84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heather J Schwartz ◽

Shawn Fagan ◽

Beretta Craft-Coffman ◽

Christopher A Truelove ◽

Robert F Mullins

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Burn Care ◽

Anxiety Control ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment

Abstract Introduction One of the most traumatizing and frightening experiences a child can experience is to sustain a burn injury. As a result, the child may experience excruciating pain and anxiety. The objective of this quality improvement project is use virtual reality as a nonpharmacologic intervention for pain and anxiety control and compare to traditional distractions methods. Methods There were 46 subjects ages 4 to 20 enrolled in a sample of convenience. Participants were given either virtual reality or distraction for dressing changes or minor surgical procedures. Before and after the surgical procedure or dressing change, the participants, their parent and nursing staff completed a Modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS, Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale or Numeric Rating System (NRS). Results There was no significant difference in FLACC, NRS, and mYPAS scale scores pre-treatment. The post treatment NRS scores were significantly different between distraction and virtual reality (p= 0.031). FLACC scores for the distraction group increased 3.5-fold, while the virtual reality group scores decreased (p.0.0008). Mean mYPAS scores decreased again showing a significant difference between distraction and virtual reality with p= 0.004. The score increased with distraction and decreased with virtual reality with a difference of 12. In all cases virtual reality was better than distraction, when measuring pain and anxiety. Conclusions This QI project demonstrates that VR was more effective in reducing both pain and anxiety in burned pediatric patients as opposed to traditional distraction post treatment. Traditional distraction unfortunately was shown to increase both pain and anxiety post treatment. These conclusions suggest that VR may be utilized as a non-pharmacologic treatment option in conjunction with standard treatment to help decrease pain and anxiety in acutely burned children. Applicability of Research to Practice This study increases the knowledge base and advances the evidence-based practice of advanced practice registered nurses in the specialty of burn care. It suggests that a non-pharmacologic intervention such as virtual reality can be used to effectively reduce pain and anxiety in children who are undergoing treatment for their burn injury.

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LO52: Distraction in the ED using Virtual reality for Intravenous Needs in Children to Improve comfort- DEVINCI - a pilot RCT

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S26-S26

Author(s):

E. D. Trottier ◽

E. Osmanlliu ◽

B. Bailey ◽

M. Lagacé ◽

M. Certain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Side Effects ◽

Standard Care ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Procedural Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Standard ◽

Memory Of Pain ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Venipuncture is a frequent cause of pain and distress in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Distraction, which can improve patient experience, remains the most studied psychological intervention. Virtual reality (VR) is a method of immersive distraction that can contribute to the multi-modal management of procedural pain and distress. Methods: The main objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility and acceptability of Virtual Reality (VR) distraction for pain management associated with venipunctures and to examine its preliminary effects on pain and distress in the pediatric ED. Children 7-17 years requiring a venipuncture in the pediatric ED were recruited. Participants were randomized to either a control group (standard care) or intervention group (standard of care + VR). Principal clinical outcome was the mean level of procedural pain, measured by the verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS). Distress was also measured using the Child Fear Scale (CFS) and the Procedure Behavior Check List (PBCL) and memory of pain using the VNRS. Side effects were documented. Results: A total of 63 patients were recruited. Results showed feasibility and acceptability of VR in the PED and overall high satisfaction levels (79% recruitment rate of eligible families, 90% rate of VR game completion, and overall high mean satisfaction levels). There was a significantly higher level of satisfaction among healthcare providers in the intervention group, and 93% of those were willing to use this technology again for the same procedure. Regarding clinical outcomes, no significant difference was observed between groups on procedural pain. Distress evaluated by proxy (10/40 vs 13.2/40, p = 0.007) and memory of pain at 24 hours (2.4 vs 4.2, p = 0.027) were significantly lower in the VR group. Venipuncture was successful on first attempt in 23/31 patients (74%) in the VR group and 15/30 (50%) patients in the control group (p = 0.039). Five of the 31 patients (16%) in the VR group reported side effects Conclusion: The addition of VR to standard care is feasible and acceptable for pain and distress management during venipunctures in the pediatric ED. There was no difference in self-reported procedural pain between groups. Levels of procedural distress and memory of pain at 24 hours were lower in the VR group.

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The Effects of Play Behavior, Feeding, and Time of Day on Salivary Concentrations of sIgA in Calves

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090657 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 657 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katrin Spiesberger ◽

Stephanie Lürzel ◽

Martina Patzl ◽

Andreas Futschik ◽

Susanne Waiblinger

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Play Behavior ◽

Emotional States ◽

Large Variability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A

The focus of animal welfare science has shifted over the last decades from efforts to avoid negative states to ways of allowing animals the experience of positive emotions. They may influence physiological processes in farmed animals, potentially providing health benefits; in addition, the physiological changes might be used as indicators of emotional states. We investigated calves’ salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations with regard to a possible circadian rhythm and two situations that elicit positive emotions. Ten saliva samples of 14 calves were taken on two consecutive days; within the course of a day we observed a significant decline in salivary sIgA concentrations at 14:00 h. Further, we probed the animals before and after milk feeding and, contrarily to our prediction, detected lower sIgA concentrations 5 min after feeding than 15 min before. A probable explanation might be an increase in salivary flow rate caused by milk ingestion. We also took samples before and after we stimulated play behavior in calves. There was no significant difference in sIgA concentrations between samples taken before and after play. Although there was a significant correlation between the change in sIgA concentrations and the amount of play behavior shown, the correlation depended on an unexpected decrease of sIgA in animals that played little, and thus, does not support our hypothesis. In general, the data showed a large variability that might arise from different factors that are difficult to standardize in animals. Thus, the use of salivary sIgA concentrations as a marker of positive emotions in calves is not supported conclusively by the present data.

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Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/071712-584.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 641-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Katie C. Julien ◽

Peter H. Buschang ◽

Phillip M. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

White Spot ◽

White Spot Lesion ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Mandibular Teeth

ABSTRACT Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) on the anterior teeth and, secondarily, to evaluate risk factors and predictors. Materials and Methods: Digital photographs and records of 885 randomly chosen patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Chart information included gender, age, as well as banding and debanding dates. Fluorosis and oral hygiene before and after treatment were also evaluated. Preexisting and posttreatment WSLs were recorded and compared for all 12 anterior teeth. Risk ratios (RR) and absolute risk (AR) were calculated to determine the likelihood and risk of WSL formation. Results: Overall, 23.4% of the patients developed at least one WSL during their course of treatment. Maxillary anterior teeth were affected more than mandibular teeth. The maxillary laterals and canines and the mandibular canines were the most susceptible. There was no significant difference in WSLs between genders. Fluorosis, treatment time in excess of 36 months, poor pretreatment hygiene, hygiene changes during treatment, and preexisting WSLs were all significantly (P < .05) related to the development of WSLs. The highest risk of developing WSLs was associated with preexisting WSLs (RR = 3.40), followed by declines in oral hygiene during treatment (RR = 3.12) and poor pretreatment oral hygiene (RR = 2.83). Conclusions: Nearly 25% of the patients developed WSLs while in treatment, depending on fluorosis, treatment time, preexisting WSLs, and oral hygiene. Orthodontists need to be mindful of these risk factors when making treatment decisions.

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A Systematic Review of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery in Virtual Reality Simulators

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina49010001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chee Lam ◽

Kenneth Sundaraj ◽

Mohd Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Surgical Instruments ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Corneal Incision ◽

Surgery Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Visual Realism ◽

Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery

The aim of this study was to review the capability of virtual reality simulators in the application of phacoemulsification cataract surgery training. Our review included the scientific publications on cataract surgery simulators that had been developed by different groups of researchers along with commercialized surgical training products, such as EYESI® and PhacoVision®. The review covers the simulation of the main cataract surgery procedures, i.e., corneal incision, capsulorrhexis, phacosculpting, and intraocular lens implantation in various virtual reality surgery simulators. Haptics realism and visual realism of the procedures are the main elements in imitating the actual surgical environment. The involvement of ophthalmology in research on virtual reality since the early 1990s has made a great impact on the development of surgical simulators. Most of the latest cataract surgery training systems are able to offer high fidelity in visual feedback and haptics feedback, but visual realism, such as the rotational movements of an eyeball with response to the force applied by surgical instruments, is still lacking in some of them. The assessment of the surgical tasks carried out on the simulators showed a significant difference in the performance before and after the training.

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