Dose Response of Acute ATP Supplementation on Strength Training Performance

Background: Chronic oral ATP supplementation benefits cardiovascular health, muscular performance, body composition, and recovery while attenuating muscle breakdown and fatigue. A single 400 mg dose of oral ATP supplementation improved lower body resistance training performance and energy expenditure in recreational resistance trained males, however, the minimal effective dose is currently unknown.Materials and Methods: Twenty recreationally trained men (age 28.6 ± 1.0 years, body mass 81.2 ± 2.0 kg, height 175.2 ± 1.4 cm, 1RM 141.5 ± 5.0 kg) consumed a single dose of either 400 mg, 200 mg, or 100 mg ATP (PEAK ATP®, TSI USA LLC, Missoula, MT, USA) or a placebo in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, separated by a one week wash out between treatments. After warm-up, participants performed 4 sets of half-squats using free-weights until movement failure separated by 2 mins of rest between sets.Results: In comparison to placebo, 400 mg ATP significantly increased the number of set 1 repetitions (+13%, p = 0.04), and numerically increased total repetitions (+7%, p = 0.19) and total weight lifted (+6%, p = 0.22). 200 mg ATP numerically increased set 1 repetitions (+4% p = 0.47), while 100 mg ATP showed no improvements over placebo. 100 mg ATP (−4%, p < 0.05) and 400 mg ATP (−4%, p = 0.11) decreased the perceived rate of exertion compared to placebo.Conclusions: In this study, the effective minimal dose of acute oral ATP supplementation during resistance exercise to increase performance was determined to be 400 mg, while as little as 100 mg showed improvements in perceived exertion.

Download Full-text

The Assessment of a Novel Lower Body Resistance Garment As a Mechanism to Increase the Training Stimulus During Running: a Randomised Cross Over Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-954642/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha M Hoffmann ◽

Isaiah Di Domenico ◽

Paul K Collins

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Stimulus ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Lower Body ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Perceived Impact ◽

Garment Design ◽

Post Exercise Recovery

Abstract Background: This study examined the physiological and perceived impact of wearing a novel lower body resistance garment during exercise and recovery.Methods: Using a randomised cross over design, 15 recreationally-active males performed 2x10-minute steady-state runs followed by a 10-minute passive recovery with concomitant monitoring of oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; exercise portion only), wearing either the resistance garment (experimental) or running shorts (control).Results: During exercise, V̇O2 and RPE were higher (4.5% and 7.7% respectively) in experimental than control (V̇O2: r=0.24, p>0.05; RPE: r=0.32, p>0.05) whilst HR was lower (-0.4%, r=-0.05, p>0.05). During recovery, V̇O2 and HR were lower (4.7% and 4.3% respectively) in experimental than control (V̇O2: r=‑0.32, p>0.05; HR: r=-0.27, p>0.05). Conclusions: Though effects were trivial to small, and not statistically significant, these findings provide proof of concept and suggest that this garment design may increase the training stimulus during running and aid post-exercise recovery.

Download Full-text

Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Isotonic Upper and Lower Body Resistance Exercise

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000274919.37077.e4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S483

Author(s):

Fredric L. Goss ◽

Robert J. Robertson ◽

Michael Gallagher ◽

Anne Hays ◽

Kim Weary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lower Body ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Body Resistance

Download Full-text

Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk6010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Christopher G. Ballmann ◽

Georgia D. Cook ◽

Zachary T. Hester ◽

Thomas J. Kopec ◽

Tyler D. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Bench Press ◽

Upper Body ◽

Warm Up ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Repetitions To Failure ◽

Trial Participants ◽

Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Motorized vs Non-Motorized Treadmills on Exercise Economy during Acute Sub-maximal Bouts in Collegiate Cross-Country Female Athletes

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.2p.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nicole C. Dabbs ◽

Miranda J. Reid ◽

Jasmine Wimbish ◽

Jason Ng

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Lower Body ◽

Warm Up ◽

Neuromuscular Activity ◽

Exercise Economy ◽

Cross Country ◽

Treadmill Protocol

Background: Fitness equipment manufacturers have developed non-motorized treadmills (NMT) to better replicate overground running, a characteristic which motorized treadmills (MT) purportedly lack. Because NMTs are novel, limited empirical evidence exists regarding acute physiological and neuromuscular activity responses to its use. Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of walking and running on an NMT and MT on exercise economy (EE), cardiometabolic responses, lower-body muscle activity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in division II female cross-country athletes. Methods: Thirteen female cross-country athletes volunteered to complete a treadmill protocol that consisted of a warm-up walk, a 5-min walk, a 5-min run, and a 5-min cool-down walk on an NMT and MT on two separate occasions. During both treadmill conditions, VO2, RER, neuromuscular activity, HR, and RPE were recorded and analyzed every minute. Results: VO2 (NMT= 36.8 ± 10.0 ml/kg/min; MT= 27.4 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min), RER (NMT= 1.02 ± 0.14; MT= 0.89 ± 0.08), HR (NMT= 167 ± 18 bpm; MT= 142 ± 21 bpm), and RPE (NMT= 12 ± 2; MT= 9 ± 2) measures were significantly (p<0.05 for all) greater on the NMT than the MT in walking and running. Conclusions: The greater VO2, RER, and HR experienced on the NMT indicates higher physical exertion, and the greater RPE on the NMT indicates the participants’ perception of exertion correspond to the physiological responses. While cardiometabolic demand was greater on the NMT, thereby suggesting exercise economy was greater with the MT.

Download Full-text

Exercise referral to promote cardiovascular health in stroke and TIA patients: a pilot feasibility study

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000929

Author(s):

Sheharyar Baig ◽

Bethany Moyle ◽

Jessica Redgrave ◽

Arshad Majid ◽

Ali Ali

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Related Quality ◽

Exercise Programmes

ObjectivesExercise programmes studied after stroke often involve specialist supervision. Determine the feasibility and safety for people with stroke (PwS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) participating in readily accessible, non-stroke specialised, community-based exercise programmes.MethodsParticipants were recruited into a structured, group-based, 12-week programme of aerobic and resistance exercise delivered two times per week at one of five local leisure centres. Completion rates, successful attainment of intended exercise intensity (Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)) and safety outcomes were recorded. Measures of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded at baseline and day 1 post intervention.Results79% of participants completed >75% of the intended sessions, with >90% attainment of intended RPE. Exercise was safe with no serious and very few minor adverse events related to exercise. Exercise led to significant increases in EQ-5D (Best of Health p<0.001), levels of weekly moderate physical activity (p<0.001) and decreases in systolic BP (mean change [95% CI]=−5.4 mmHg [−2.84 to −7.96]; p<0.001).ConclusionGeneralised exercise programmes delivered through existing local services, appears feasible, safe and may improve quality of life, physical activity and systolic BP, for PwS and TIA.

Download Full-text

Influence of Warm-Up Music Preference on Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Division I NCAA Female Athletes

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk6030064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Corinne E. Meglic ◽

Caroline M. Orman ◽

Rebecca R. Rogers ◽

Tyler D. Williams ◽

Christopher G. Ballmann

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Division I ◽

Total Work ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Mean Power ◽

Warm Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred warm-up music on anaerobic sprint performance in Division I NCAA female athletes. Female collegiate athletes (n = 14) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced, crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits, each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred (Pref) or non-preferred (Non-pref). During each visit, participants completed a 3 min standardized cycling warm-up at 50 Watts while listening to Pref or Non-pref music. Following this, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) with a 2 min active recovery period in between tests. Motivation to exercise was measured immediately following the warm-up (WU), WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured after each WAnT. Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 48 h. Mean power, total work, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. Mean power (p = 0.044; d = 0.91) and total work (p = 0.045; d = 0.78) were significantly higher during the Pref music condition versus Non-pref. RPE remained unchanged regardless of condition (p = 0.536; d = 0.01). Motivation was significantly higher with Pref warm-up music compared to Non-pref (p < 0.001; d = 1.55). These results show that listening to Pref warm-up music has an ergogenic benefit during repeated sprints in comparison to Non-pref music and improves motivation to exercise. Listening to warm-up music prior to high-intensity repeated exercise may aid in optimizing performance and training in collegiate athletes.

Download Full-text

Long-term time-course of strength adaptation to minimal dose resistance training: Retrospective longitudinal growth modelling of a large cohort through training records

10.31236/osf.io/eq485 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Steele ◽

James Fisher ◽

Jürgen Giessing ◽

Patroklos Androulakis-Korakakis ◽

Milo Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Time Course ◽

Small Samples ◽

Strength Development ◽

Minimal Growth ◽

Minimal Effective Dose ◽

Minimal Dose

Objective: Public health guidelines for resistance training typically emphasize a minimal effective dose approach. The intention for such guidelines is that individuals engage in these behaviors over the long-term. However, relatively few studies have examined the longitudinal time-course of strength adaptations to resistance training and those which have typically utilize small samples and/or athletic populations. Further, no studies have employed approaches to incorporate participant level random factors into modelling. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the time-course of strength development resulting from continued participation in minimal dose resistance training in a large sample through retrospective training records. Methods: Data was available for analysis from 14,690 participants who had undergone minimal dose resistance training (1x/week, single sets to momentary failure of six exercises) with records ranging up to 352 weeks (~6.8 years) in length. Linear-log growth models examining the development of strength over time were fit allowing random intercepts and slopes by participant. In addition, the interaction of sex and age were examined as fixed effects. Results: All models demonstrated a robust linear-log relationship which on the untransformed time scale clearly demonstrated the presence of a plateau in strength development around ~1 year into training after which strength was essentially maintained with minimal growth. Sex and age had minimal interaction effects. Conclusions: Substantial strength gains are possible with the use of a minimal dose resistance training approach. Though, these begin to plateau after ~1 year of training with little impact from sex or age on the emergence of this plateau. It is unclear if this plateau can be overcome through alternative approaches. Considering this, our results support public health recommendations for minimal dose resistance training to induce and maintain strength adaptations in adults.

Download Full-text

Acute Effects of Salvia Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Athletes During a Fatiguing Cycling Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Study

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.771518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Babault ◽

Ahmad Noureddine ◽

Nicolas Amiez ◽

Damien Guillemet ◽

Carole Cometti

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Digit Span ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Fatiguing Exercise

Background:Salvia (sage) supplementation has been shown to improve the cognition function in healthy individuals or patients (e.g., attention, memory). To date, no study has explored its relevancy in the context of sporting performance. The aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of a combination of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia on cognitive function in athletes performing a fatiguing cycling task.Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were included in this cross-over, randomized, double-bind vs. placebo trial. Two hours before the two experimental sessions (here called SAGE and PLACEBO), volunteers randomly received a supplementation of sage or placebo. During each experimental session, participants were tested at four occasions while cycling during a warm-up, in the middle and at the end of a fatiguing task and after a short 5-min recovery. Tests included a Stroop task, a simple reaction time task, and a backward digit span memory task. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured at the beginning of the four test sessions.Results: Heart rate was significantly greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001) without any supplementation effect. RPE was greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001). Moreover, RPE was significantly lower during the SAGE session as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002). Reaction time was not altered during the exercise but was significantly shorter with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.023). The Stroop task only revealed significantly longer reaction time during warm-up as compared to recovery (P = 0.02) independently of the supplementation. The digit span memory test revealed a significant greater span score with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.044).Conclusion: The combination of Salvia improved the cognitive functions (perceived exertion, working memory, and reaction time). The positive effects were obtained in fresh condition and were maintained with fatigue.

Download Full-text

Validation of Power Measurement Techniques in Dynamic Lower Body Resistance Exercises

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.23.2.103 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 103-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Prue Cormie ◽

Jeffrey M. McBride ◽

Grant O. McCaulley

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Power Output ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Force Plate ◽

Power Measurement ◽

Power Relationship ◽

Lower Body ◽

Position Transducer ◽

Load Power ◽

Body Resistance

The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of power measurement techniques utilizing various kinematic and kinetic devices during the jump squat (JS), squat (S) and power clean (PC). Ten Division I male athletes were assessed for power output across various intensities: 0, 12, 27, 42, 56, 71, and 85% of one repetition maximum strength (1RM) in the JS and S and 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of 1RM in the PC. During the execution of each lift, six different data collection systems were utilized; (1) one linear position transducer (1-LPT); (2) one linear position transducer with the system mass representing the force (1-LPT+MASS); (3) two linear position transducers (2-LPT); (4) the force plate (FP); (5) one linear position transducer and a force plate (1-LPT+FP); (6) two linear position transducers and a force place (2-LPT+FP). Kinetic and kinematic variables calculated using the six methodologies were compared. Vertical power, force, and velocity differed significantly between 2-LPT+FP and 1-LPT, 1-LPT+MASS, 2-LPT, and FP methodologies across various intensities throughout the JS, S, and PC. These differences affected the load–power relationship and resulted in the transfer of the optimal load to a number of different intensities. This examination clearly indicates that data collection and analysis procedures influence the power output calculated as well as the load–power relationship of dynamic lower body movements.

Download Full-text