A Bacterial Consortium Interacts With Different Varieties of Maize, Promotes the Plant Growth, and Reduces the Application of Chemical Fertilizer Under Field Conditions

The success of beneficial bacteria in improving the crop growth and yield depends on an adequate plant-bacteria interaction. In this work, the capability of Azospirillium brasilense Sp7, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Acinetobacter sp. EMM02, and Sphingomonas sp. OF178A to interact with six maize varieties was evaluated by both single-bacterium application and consortium application. The bacterial consortium efficiently colonized the rhizosphere of the autochthonous yellow and H48 hybrid varieties. Bacterial colonization by the consortium was higher than under single-bacterium colonization. The two maize varieties assayed under greenhouse conditions showed increased plant growth compared to the control. The effect of consortium inoculation plus 50% fertilization was compared with the 100% nitrogen fertilization under field conditions using the autochthonous yellow maize. Inoculation with the consortium plus 50% urea produced a similar grain yield compared to 100% urea fertilization. However, a biomass decrease was observed in plants inoculated with the consortium plus 50% urea compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, the safety of these bacteria was evaluated in a rat model after oral administration. Animals did not present any negative effects, after bacterial administration. In conclusion, the bacterial consortium offers a safety alternative that can reduce chemical fertilization by half while producing the same crop yield obtained with 100% fertilization. Decreased chemical fertilization could avoid contamination and reduce the cost in agricultural practices.

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Technologies for Beneficial Microorganisms Inocula Used as Biofertilizers

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/491206 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

E. Malusá ◽

L. Sas-Paszt ◽

J. Ciesielska

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Nutrition ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Consistent Effect ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Beneficial Microorganisms

The increasing need for environmentaly friendly agricultural practices is driving the use of fertilizers based on beneficial microorganisms. The latter belong to a wide array of genera, classes, and phyla, ranging from bacteria to yeasts and fungi, which can support plant nutrition with different mechanisms. Moreover, studies on the interactions between plant, soil, and the different microorganisms are shedding light on their interrelationships thus providing new possible ways to exploit them for agricultural purposes. However, even though the inoculation of plants with these microorganisms is a well-known practice, the formulation of inocula with a reliable and consistent effect under field conditions is still a bottleneck for their wider use. The choice of the technology for inocula production and of the carrier for the formulation is key to their successful application. This paper focuses on how inoculation issues can be approached to improve the performance of beneficial microorganisms used as a tool for enhancing plant growth and yield.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamal Singh ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

Iram Khan ◽

Rose Rizvi ◽

M. Saquib

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover, Rhizobium leguminosarum influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words: Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles help to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress: A review

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666201016144848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Faizan ◽

Fangyuan Yu ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Ahmad Faraz ◽

Shamsul Hayat

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Main Concern ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Agricultural Yield

: Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is a main concern of environmentalists in the present time. To get food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps to better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are influencing the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-NPs on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative activities in various plants have also been examined properly. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-ZnO-NPs research.

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Moving forward from “biochar revolution” to “biochar evolution”: Shaping a promising mitigation tool demands future research efforts

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.9328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 371-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudia I. Kammann

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Practices ◽

Future Research ◽

N Leaching ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Soil C ◽

Radiative Balance ◽

C Storage ◽

Terra Preta ◽

The Cost

In February 2013, the 2nd Nordic Biochar Seminar was successfully held in Helsinki, Finland. The fruitful meeting, well organized by Priit Tammeorg, offered a broad kaleidoscope of new insights into the novel interdisciplinary research topic of biochar. The papers in this issue clearly show that biochar use in agriculture can deliver benefits such as reductions in N2O emissions or N leaching (Kettunen and Saarnio), in addition to soil C storage without negative effects (Karer et al. , Anders et al. ). However, they also demonstrate that just one biochar addition does not turn each temperate fertile soil into a fertility miracle. In Terra preta sites, the pyrogenic carbon was likely an important ingredient, but it was combined with organic waste inputs and not used pure. Thus, yield-increasing pure-biochar effects in temperate soils are likely not a low-hanging fruit to be harvested without further ado. Rather, problematic soils should be the primary target; combined biochar-organics usage also deserves further research. However, considering the lack of political efforts to restore our planet's radiative balance, or tackle the challenges associated with soil degradation and resource consumption, no emerging chances should be missed. "Biochar" is such a chance – not more, but also not less. Shaping "biochar use in agriculture" into a safe, sustainable and economically feasible tool will only come at the cost of good hard research efforts; but it offers the unique chance to turn agricultural practices from being part of the problem into being part of the solution.

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Bioinoculants in Technological Alleviation of Climatic Stress in Plants

10.5772/intechopen.97340 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafia Younas ◽

Shiza Gul ◽

Rehan Ahmad ◽

Ali Raza Khan ◽

Mumtaz Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Global Climate ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Semi Arid

Global climate change is leading to a series of frequent onset of environmental stresses such as prolonged drought periods, dynamic precipitation patterns, heat stress, and cold stress on plants and commercial crops. The increasing severity of such stresses is not only making agriculture and related economic sector vulnerable but also negatively influences plant diversity patterns. The global temperature of planet Earth has risen to 1.1°C since the last 19th century. An increase in surface temperature leads to an increase in soil temperature which ultimately reduces water content in the soil, thereby, reducing crop growth and yield. Moreover, this situation is becoming more intense for agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid regions. To overcome climatically induced stresses, acclimatization of plant species via bioinoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is becoming an effective approach. The PGPR are capable of colonizing rhizosphere (exophytes) as well as plant organs (endophytes), where they trigger an accumulation of osmolytes for osmoregulation or improving gene expression of heat or cold stress proteins, or by signaling the synthesis of phytohormones, metabolites, proteins, and antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Thus, PGPR exhibiting multiple plant growth-promoting traits can be employed via bioinoculants to improve the plant’s tolerance against unfavorable stress conditions.

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Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15568-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Metin Turan ◽

Ertan Yildirim ◽

Melek Ekinci ◽

Sanem Argin

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Different Characteristics

Plant biostimulants are microorganisms (PGPR) and/or products obtained from different organic substances that positively affect plant growth and efficiency and reduce the negative effects of abiotic challenges. Effects of biostimulants on the plant growth, yield, mineral content, antioxidant enzyme activity, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), sucrose, and proline contents of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme L.) grown in soils with two different characteristics were investigated during a pot study under greenhouse conditions. Soil I was a fertile routinely vegetable-cultivated soil. Soil II had high salinity, high CaCO3 content, and low organic matter content. Commercial biostimulant products Powhumus® (PH), Huminbio Microsense Seed® (SC), Huminbio Microsense Bio® (RE), and Fulvagra® (FU) were used as seed coatings and/or drench solutions. All biostimulant treatments improved the plant growth and yield compared with the control in both soils. All biostimulant applications were more effective in soil II than in soil I. RE was the most effective application for mineral content in soil I, whereas FU was the most effective in soil II. Antioxidant activity, H2O2, MDA, and proline contents were decreased in both soils when biostimulants were used compared with the control. Peroxide (POD) activity was greater with SC1 in soil II. The RE treatment increased the sucrose content in soil II. In conclusion, single and combined use of high-purity fulvic acid and PGPR had positive effects on the growth of cherry tomato in fertile soil and under stressed conditions.

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Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield: a review

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2013-0017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 463-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 167

Author(s):

J. Lipiec ◽

C. Doussan ◽

A. Nosalewicz ◽

K. Kondracka

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Management Practices ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Phenotypic Flexibility ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Management Approaches

Abstract Drought and heat stresses are important threat limitations to plant growth and sustainable agriculture worldwide. Our objective is to provide a review of plant responses and adaptations to drought and elevated temperature including roots, shoots, and final yield and management approaches for alleviating adverse effects of the stresses based mostly on recent literature. The sections of the paper deal with plant responses including root growth, transpiration, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, phenotypic flexibility, accumulation of compounds of low molecular mass (eg proline and gibberellins), and expression of some genes and proteins for increasing the tolerance to the abiotic stresses. Soil and crop management practices to alleviate negative effects of drought and heat stresses are also discussed. Investigations involving determination of plant assimilate partitioning, phenotypic plasticity, and identification of most stress-tolerant plant genotypes are essential for understanding the complexity of the responses and for future plant breeding. The adverse effects of drought and heat stress can be mitigated by soil management practices, crop establishment, and foliar application of growth regulators by maintaining an appropriate level of water in the leaves due to osmotic adjustment and stomatal performance.

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Plant Growth Regulator-Brassinolide for Mitigating Field Waterlogging Stress on Maize

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v30i330178 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Victoria Otie ◽

AN Ping ◽

Ali Ibrahim ◽

Egrinya Eneji

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Radiation Absorption ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Maize Plants

Aim: To assess the pleiotropic role of a plant growth regulator, commercially identified as brassinolide (BR) in mitigating waterlogging stress imposed on maize. Study Design: A factorial combination of two maize varieties [Ikom White (IKW) and Oba-98], two BR levels (0 and 250 ml) and two waterlogging stages of maize growth [control (WL0) and seedling stage (WL1)], arranged as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Place and Duration of Study: Akpabuyo Local Government Area, Cross River State-Nigeria. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the dry seasons of December 2016 and December 2017. Methodology: Waterlogging test was conducted on plots by demarcating them with 3.6 by 1.7 m metal sheets buried to a depth of 60 cm to prevent lateral soil-water movement. Two maize seeds were sown at 25 cm within and 75 cm between rows. The BR (250 ml) was sprayed foliar at 21 DAS. The non-waterlogging plots served as control. Observations were made on growth and yield variables as well as the plant's physiological traits. Results: Waterlogging significantly reduced the growth attributes of maize and increased (p≤0.05) the leaf moisture content. The photosynthetically active radiation on maize plants was substantially reduced (p≤0.05) by the waterlogging stress. Dry matter yield (DMY) and nutrient uptake in the leaves, stems and grains were reduced (p≤0.05) at both silking and at harvest. The effect of the BR was greater in Oba-98 with higher nutrient contents, radiation absorption, dry matter and grain yields than IKW. Conclusion: Treatment of maize plants with BR could induce some tolerance of field waterlogging. Thus, for optimum efficiency in maize production under stressed soil condition of waterlogging, it is recommended that the foliar spray of BR at the 250 ml per plant rate be considered.

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FARMERS' PERCEPTION REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTHERN TURKEY: THE CASE OF MERSIN PROVINCE

New Medit ◽

10.30682/nm2101e ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Human Life ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Production Costs ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Cost

Climate change is responsible for the negative effects in human life causing a decrease in agricultural products, biodiversity, soil fertility, and forest areas. In contrast, climate change increases plant diseases and pests, the cost of agricultural production and risk in food security. This study aims to determine whether climate change is a phenomenon via the analysis of the perceptions of the farmers in the Mersin province conducted over 251 questionnaires. Farmers primarily perceive climate change over production costs and the reduction in yield. Moreover, they are highly aware of its relation to natural events such as floods, drought, and storms. Nevertheless, inappropriate agricultural practices also lead to the negative consequences caused by climate change. In this respect, this study revealed that farmers with high cooperative partnerships and experience perceived climate change significantly.

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The multifaceted plant-beneficial rhizobacteria toward agricultural sustainability

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/130/2020-pps ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 95-111

Author(s):

Olubukola Babalola ◽

Oluwaseun Adeyinka Fasusi

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Modern Method ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Agricultural Sustainability ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Growth Promoting

Agricultural practices depend mainly on the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides which have caused serious health hazards and have also contributed to the pollution of the environment at large. The application of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria in agrarian practices has become paramount in increasing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, ensuring food safety, and increasing crop production to ensure sustainable agriculture. Beneficial rhizobacteria are soil microorganisms that are eco-friendly and serve as a modern method of improving the plant yield, protecting the plant and soil fertility that pose no harm to humans and the environment. This eco-friendly approach requires the application of beneficial rhizobacteria with plant growth-promoting traits that can improve the nutrient uptake, enhance the resistance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress, protect plants against pathogenic microorganisms and promote plant growth and yield. This review article has highlighted the multitasking roles that beneficial rhizobacteria employ in promoting plant growth, food production, bioremediation, providing defence to plants, and maintaining soil fertility. The knowledge acquired from this review will help in understanding the bases and importance of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria in ensuring agricultural sustainability and as an alternative to the use of agrochemicals.

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