scholarly journals Challenges in Food Security, Nutritional, and Social Public Policies for Venezuela: Rethinking the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianella Herrera-Cuenca ◽  
Maritza Landaeta Jimenez ◽  
Yaritza Sifontes
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Correct Path ◽  
Security Indicators

Food security in Venezuela presents signs of individual, family, community and national deterioration. The food and nutrition system has been weakened by the decrease in the production and the installation of parallel, irregular and insufficient distribution networks. Economic turmoil, political instability, hyperinflation, and poverty, the highest in recent history, limit the population's income and the access to quality food. The transition from capitalism to state-centered socialism has not been successful in ensuring enough foods for Venezuelans and the effect on the well-being of the population has been detrimental. This study proposes to design a public policy model based on the analysis of food security indicators, to generate an integrated framework of actions. The proposed model considers Dunn's classic public policy approach (2017) and the criteria of the Public Health Tools/Community Nutrition Program-Nutritional Care Process: Nutrition Care Process (NCP) of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012. The World Food Program survey on food security in Venezuela 2019, and the HumVenezuela.com 2020 platform were used. The integrated model includes two levels, one for bringing assistance to the most vulnerable and the other for strategic planning of structural, legal and institutional problems, and health and food safety gaps, in an ethical and moral framework that challenges corruption and promotes education and culture of peace. It is necessary for public policies to have parallel levels of actions to assist those most in need and to face long-term structural changes, which should begin as soon as possible, to ensure the correct path toward development.

scholarly journals Framing policy designs through contradictory emotions: The case of Czech single mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P Durnová ◽  
Eva M Hejzlarová
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

In public policy scholarship on policy design, emotions are still treated as opposed to goals, and their presence is assumed to signal that things have gone wrong. We argue, however, that understanding how and for whom emotions matter is vital to the dynamics of policy designs because emotions are central to the capacity building of policy intermediaries and, with that, to the success of public policies. We examine the case of Czech single mothers in their role as intermediaries in ‘alimony policy’. Our interpretive survey provided single mothers an opportunity to express the way they experience the policy emotionally. The analysis reveals that the policy goal of the child’s well-being is produced at the cost of the mother’s emotional tensions and that policy designs defuse these emotional tensions, implicitly. These contradictory emotions expressed by mothers show us a gateway to problematising policy designs in a novel way, which reconsiders construing policy design as a technical, solution-oriented enterprise to one in which emotional tensions intervene in policy design and are essential for succeeding.

The Social Pedagogy of Youth Policies in Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
José Antonio Pérez Islas ◽  
Luis Antonio Mata Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Young People ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
The Social

This chapter reviews the institutional actions and discourses linked with public policies affecting young people in Latin America, highlighting three large institutions that have impacted this sector in the region: the army, the justice system, and schools, which view young people as a group at risk who must be helped. Next, the chapter discusses youth within the framework of their interactions and well-being, as part of one of the distinctive aspects of social pedagogy—placing it at the center of public policy. Finally, the chapter discusses the relevance of a dialogue between adults and young people that channels the demands, conflicts, and concerns of both in order to produce new youth policies, starting from the recognition of young people through a generational perspective that must be present in all government actions.

The Paternalistic Argument against Abortion1

Hypatia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzel Mayans ◽  
Moisés Vaca
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
The Catholic Church

A dominant trend in the philosophical literature on abortion has been concerned with the question of whether the fetus has moral status and how such a status might or might not conflict with women's liberties. However, a new and powerful trend against abortion requires philosophical examination. We refer to this trend as the paternalistic argument (PA). In a nutshell, this argument holds that, insofar as motherhood is a constitutive end of women's well‐being, abortion harms women; thus, abortion is wrong and should be prohibited, restricted, or avoided when possible regardless of the moral status of the fetus. In this article we undertake three tasks. First, we analyze four variations of this reasoning: what we call the Kantian PA, the Aristotelian PA, the Catholic Church PA, and the Psychological PA. Second, we show how some public policies that regulate or prohibit abortion around the world are now in fact following paternalistic justifications and imposing distinctive paternalistic restrictions (hard, soft, or libertarian); we refer to these policies as “the new abortion laws.” Finally, we argue that both the four paternalistic arguments presented and the new abortion laws are at times ill‐intentioned, comprehensive in nature and thus unsuited for guiding public policy, empirically flawed, or else unjustified.

Healthy Public Policy

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Harris ◽  
Marilyn Wise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
The Social

Healthy public policy (HPP) became an important idea in the 1980s. The concept can be traced primarily to Nancy Milio, who produced a now hard-to-find book, Promoting Health through Public Policy (Philadelphia: Davis, 1981), and was subsequently cemented in the WHO’s Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion as a strategy to use in promoting, protecting, and maintaining the health of populations. HPP is not, however, a modern phenomenon. Historically HPP was embedded in the 16th-century Poor Laws and passed through to 19th- and early-20th-century public health activity and legislation. Across this history is the recognition that improving public health requires addressing the social and economic (and environmental) conditions created by public policy. It follows, as explained by many, that public health practice is inherently political. This bibliography introduces the large literature that falls under the broad pantheon of HPP. Definitions, as this bibliography will show, do matter. Central is the often underrealized truth that “healthy public policy” fundamentally concerns how public policy influences the health of populations. This, in turn, necessitates that HPP practice is interdisciplinary. For knowledge, this means much of the theory and evidence underpinning HPP is to be found in other disciplines that have public policy at their core, political science being the most obvious (public administration another). It is through HPP that societies in general and public health researchers and practitioners in particular seek to create social and economic and environmental conditions for whole populations. Attention thus moves “upstream” to policies and institutions rather than “downstream” to behaviors or health services. Not all healthy public policy is generated with the intention to influence population health directly. Nor are all public policies that impact on the health of populations generated by the health sector, although many are. A core goal of HPP is reducing inequities in health. These inequities are what the 2008 WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health named as a “toxic mix of poor social policies, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics.” Just as policy actors are responsible for policies that have created inequalities, so too are they responsible for developing and implementing policies in that overcome the unfair and unjust distribution of the resources necessary for good health and well-being. Public policies are formed through “contests for power” between the various actors involved in policy-making in part because they are value-laden. The choices actors make are influenced by powerful structures and ideas that are not always explicit. HPP, therefore, can never be “atheoretical” just as it cannot be divorced from a normative position (what is believed “should” happen) concerned with changing political conditions for the betterment of the health of the population in general and disadvantaged in particular. In recent years there has been some confusion (see Oxford Bibliographies article Health in All Policies) whether HiAP replaces HPP as a concept and method. This article errs on the side of history by suggesting HiAP, with intersectoral action, is one recent strategy to achieve HPP.

Inflation–Should We Take Another Look?

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Gene Engel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
State Government ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Priority Needs

Summary:Society has received only modest help from economists on inflation. Besides other effects, inflation redistributes income and wealth in ways not understood or predicted; it increases uncertainties for households, firms, and governments; and it calls into question individuals' expectations of their rightful share of goods and services, i.e., their “entitlement.” Our audiences need less mechanical, more complete and sophisticated explanations of what inflation is and what causes it; information on income, wealth, and equity effects of inflation among and between farmers, agri-industry firms, consumers, investors, savers, local and state government; and information on the consequences of alternative policies to deal with it. Agricultural economists must read and think about both emerging microeconomic and macroeconomic literature.The new inflation of the seventies is mainly chronic, compared to cyclic. Chronic recession has accompanied chronic inflation. That implies the need for novel remedies that include structural changes as well as new monetary measures. The priority needs are outside agriculture, but dominate the interaction of inflation, agriculture, and rural development. Accordingly, agricultural economists cannot accept inflation as a given situation best understood and resolved by others.The recent shifting of the primary monetary emphasis from ‘one eye on interest and one on the money supply’ to “one eye on reserves and one on the money supply” will not be adequate to control inflation. Long-run warfare to reduce inflation requires a comprehensive approach integrating monetary and fiscal measures, structural considerations, sharing of costs, and other public policy changes. Assets and income inflation create a spurious sense of well-being which has severe redistribution effects. Planning and acting on these inflated values further fans inflation. Some structural problems reinforce inflation, for example, the COLA (cost-of-living adjustment). Partial indexing creates widespread inequities, for example, social security recipients obtained a 14.3 percent raise on July 1, 1980 but the average wage earner's deductions increased in 1980 while his wage rate increased a mere 8 percent! Public policy implications include a needed statute to indicate the nation's will, desire, and procedures for containing inflation; automatic price and wage controls when inflation exceeds certain rates; elimination of partial indexing; and the resolve of all public leadership to control inflation.Inflation is chronic, world-wide, unresolved. Comprehensive solutions are needed. Agricultural economists cannot expect others ot “solve” it.

The Position of Mexico in the World

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Ruth Leticia Hidalgo ◽  
Amada Hidalgo ◽  
Ruth Ortiz ◽  
Sergio Demetrio Polo ◽  
Sofía Elizabeth Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Food Security ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

The world's current dilemmas are focused on three alarming situations: environment, poverty, and food security. International community agendas aim to find specific strategies to obtain better practices to reach an improvement for international societies. The United Nations are diligent involving every international actor to promote public policies restructuring in states to generate the necessary and pertinent changes, especially in the less developed countries. Thus, the mechanisms used by United Nations are multilateral meetings in which important agreements are achieved, for example the works of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), from which the authors spotlight the ones at the top of the list: poverty eradication and global primary education. Therefore, this analysis is carried out to contemplate the options to generate structural changes in public policies while observing the possibilities in educational and professional training toward human capital knowledge.

Food security and well-being

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel-Ann Lyons ◽  
Connie Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Well Being

Design as an Agent for Public Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico VAZ ◽  
Sharon PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Context Dependent

Described as units developing public policies in a design-oriented manner, Policy Labs are tasked to innovate to gain in policy effectiveness and efficiency. However, as public policymaking is a context-dependent activity, the way in which these novel organisations operate significantly differs. This study discusses the emergence of design approaches for policy innovation. The purpose is to map how Policy Labs in Europe introduce design approaches at distinct stages of the policymaking cycle. For this study, 30 organisations in Europe operating at various levels of government were surveyed. Based on the public policymaking process model, it investigates which design methods are Policy Labs deploying to innovate public policies. The study exposed a gap in the awareness of the utilised methods' nature. It also showed that the use of design methods is of less importance than the introduction of design mindsets for public policy innovation, namely ‘user-centredness’, ‘co-creation’, and ‘exploration’.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

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