scholarly journals Prospects for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops Utilizing Phyto- and Bio-Stimulants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Rai ◽  
Shashi Pandey Rai ◽  
Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Environmental stressors such as salinity, drought, high temperature, high rainfall, etc. have already demonstrated the negative impacts on plant growth and development and thereby limiting productivity of the crops. Therefore, in the time to come, more sustainable efforts are required in agricultural practices to ensure food production and security under such adverse environmental conditions. A most promising and eco-friendly way to achieve this goal would be to apply biostimulants to address the environmental concerns. Non-microbial biostimulants such as humic substances (HA), protein hydrolysate, plant-based products and seaweed extracts (SWE), etc. and/or microbial inoculants comprising of plant growth-promoting microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fluorescent and non-fluorescent Pseudomonas, Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp. etc. have tremendous potentiality to enhance plant growth, flowering, crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and translocation, as well as enhancing tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses by modifying physiological, biological and biochemical processes of the crop-plants. Similarly, application techniques and timing are also important to achieve the desired results. In this article we discussed the prospects of using seaweed, microbial, and plant-based biostimulants either individually or in combination for managing environmental stresses to achieve food security in a sustainable way. Particular attention was given to the modifications that take place in plant's physiology under adverse environmental conditions and how different biostimulants re-program the host's physiology to withstand such stresses. Additionally, we also discussed how application of biostimulants can overcome the issue of nutrient deficiency in agricultural lands and improve their use efficiency by crop plants.

scholarly journals The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Dongmei Lyu ◽  
Levini A. Msimbira ◽  
Mahtab Nazari ◽  
Mohammed Antar ◽  
Antoine Pagé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

Biofertilizers-Mediated Sustainable Plant Growth and Production Under Adverse Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-457
Author(s):  
Swetika Porwal ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Ashok Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Paras Porwal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

scholarly journals Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants: From Experimental Data to Practical Applications

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Wide Range

Modern agriculture increasingly demands an alternative to synthetic chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in order to respond to the changes in international law and regulations, but also consumers’ needs for food without potentially toxic residues. Microbial (arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Rizhobium spp.) and non-microbial (humic substances, silicon, animal- and vegetal-based protein hydrolysate and macro- and micro-algal extracts) biostimulants represent a sustainable and effective alternative or complement for their synthetic counterparts, bringing benefits to the environment, biodiversity, human health and economy. The Special Issue “Toward a sustainable agriculture through plant biostimulants: from experimental data to practical applications” compiles 34 original research articles, 4 review papers and 1 brief report covering the implications of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants for improving seedling growth and crop performance, nutrient use efficiency and quality of the produce as well as enhancing the tolerance/resistance to a wide range of abiotic stresses in particular salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency and high temperature. The present compilation of high standard scientific papers on principles and practices of plant biostimulants will foster knowledge transfer among researchers, fertilizer and biostimulant industries, stakeholders, extension specialists and farmers, and it will enable a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms and application procedure of biostimulants in different cropping systems.

Smart Fertilizer Strategy for Better Crop Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karthik ◽  
M. Uma Maheswari
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Food security is one of the major concerns for all developing countries of the world. Even though we had attained the highest food production with the use of new technologies, we may not able to feed the burgeoning population adequately in coming years due to stagnant crop productivity. Natural source of nutrients like organic manures and external source of nutrients, viz. fertilizers, are considered as the two eyes in plant nutrient management. Nutrient use efficiency of fertilizer is very low due to numerous pathways of losses such as leaching, denitrification, microbial immobilization, fixation and runoff. It has been estimated that around 40-70% of nitrogen, 80-90% of phosphorus, 50-70% of potassium and more than 95% of micronutrient content of applied fertilizers are lost in to the environment and results in pollution (Kanjana, 2017). Smart fertilizers like slow and controlled release fertilizers, nanofertilizers and bioformulation fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency their by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. The use of slow and controlled release fertilizers increase nutrient use efficiency, minimize the risks like leaf burning, water contamination and eutrophication. Nano-fertilizers are the nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray (Priyanka Solangi et al., 2015). The small size, high specific surface area and reactivity of nano fertilizers increase the solubility, diffusion and availability of nutrients to plants and enhance crop productivity. Bioformulation is microbial preparations containing specific beneficial microorganisms which are capable of fixing or solubilizing or mobilizing plant nutrients for promoting plant growth and crop yield. Smart fertilizers are the better option for the farmers to increase their crop yield with low input cost in sustainable way without degrading natural environment.

Potential of native cold tolerant plant growth promoting bacilli to enhance nutrient use efficiency and yield of Amaranthus hypochondriacus

2018 ◽  
Vol 428 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Pandey ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Negi ◽  
D. K. Maheshwari ◽  
Deepa Rawat ◽  
Deepti Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Tolerant Plant ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Digestates and Combinations of Digestates and Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Use of Brassica juncea (Kai Choy)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Jamison ◽  
Samir Kumar Khanal ◽  
Nhu H. Nguyen ◽  
Jonathan L. Deenik
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes produces solid residues known as digestates, which have potential as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The majority of research on digestate focuses on their fertilizer value. However, there is a lack of information about additional effects they may have on plant growth, both positive and negative. Understanding the effects of digestate on plant growth is essential to optimizing their use in agriculture and helping close the loop of material and energy balances. This greenhouse study evaluated the effects of two different digestates, a food waste digestate (FWD) and a lignocellulosic biomass digestate (LBD); a liquid fertilizer; and various combinations of fertilizer and digestates on plant growth, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of Brassica juncea (kai choy) plants. It also evaluated potential negative attributes of the digestates, including salinity and possible biohazards. Combinations of LBD and fertilizer performed as well or slightly better than the fertilizer control for most parameters, including aboveground biomass and root length. These same combinations had significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency than the fertilizer control. Inhibitory effects were observed in 100% LBD treatments, likely due to the high electrical conductivity of the media from digestate application. Based on this research, LBD could partially replace mineral fertilizers for kai choy at up to 50% of the target nitrogen rate and may lead to increased plant growth beyond mineral fertilizers. FWD could replace up to 100% of the target nitrogen application, without causing significant negative effects on plant growth. Increasing the use of digestates in agriculture will provide additional incentives for the anaerobic digestion process, as it produces two valuable products: biogas for energy and digestate for fertilizer.

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