scholarly journals Ideal Anatomical Landmark Points for Thoracic Esophagus Segmentation in the Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
Xiuyu Ji ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Jianxue Zhai ◽  
Tingxiao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Guideline Recommendation ◽  
Esophageal Hiatus ◽  
Thoracic Esophagus ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Lower Border ◽  
Tracheal Bifurcation

Introduction: The standards of esophagus segmentation remain different between the Japan Esophageal Society (JES) guideline and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guideline. This study aimed to present variations in the location of intrathoracic esophageal adjacent anatomical landmarks (EAALs) and determine an appropriate method for segmenting the thoracic esophagus based on the relatively fixed EAALs.Patients and Methods: The distances from the upper incisors to the upper border of the esophageal hiatus, lower border of the inferior pulmonary vein (LPV), tracheal bifurcation, lower border of the azygous vein (LAV), and thoracic inlet were measured in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The median distances between the EAALs and the specified starting points, as well as reference value ranges and ratios, were obtained. The variation coefficients of distances and ratios from certain starting points to different EAALs were calculated and compared to determine the relatively fixed landmarks.Results: This study included 305 patients. The average distance from the upper incisors to the upper border of the cardia, the midpoint between the tracheal bifurcation and esophageal hiatus (MTBEH), LPV, LAV, tracheal bifurcation, and thoracic inlet were 41.6, 35.3, 34.8, 29.4, 29.5, and 20.3 cm, respectively. The distances from the upper incisors or thoracic inlet to any intrathoracic EAALs in men were higher than in women. In addition, the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with the distances. The ratio of the distance between the upper incisors and tracheal bifurcation to the distance between the upper incisors and upper border of the cardia and the ratio of the distance between the thoracic inlet and tracheal bifurcation to the distance between the thoracic inlet and upper border of the cardia possessed relatively smaller coefficients of variation.Conclusion: The distances from the EAALs to the upper incisors vary with height, weight, BMI, and gender. Compared with distance, the ratios are more suitable for esophagus segmentation. Tracheal bifurcation and MTBEH are ideal EAALs for thoracic esophagus segmentation, and this is consistent with the JES guideline recommendation.

scholarly journals Real-Time Back Surface Landmark Determination Using a Time-of-Flight Camera

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6425
Author(s):  
Daniel Ledwoń ◽  
Marta Danch-Wierzchowska ◽  
Marcin Bugdol ◽  
Karol Bibrowicz ◽  
Tomasz Szurmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Postural disorders, their prevention, and therapies are still growing modern problems. The currently used diagnostic methods are questionable due to the exposure to side effects (radiological methods) as well as being time-consuming and subjective (manual methods). Although the computer-aided diagnosis of posture disorders is well developed, there is still the need to improve existing solutions, search for new measurement methods, and create new algorithms for data processing. Based on point clouds from a Time-of-Flight camera, the presented method allows a non-contact, real-time detection of anatomical landmarks on the subject’s back and, thus, an objective determination of trunk surface metrics. Based on a comparison of the obtained results with the evaluation of three independent experts, the accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed. The average distance between the expert indications and method results for all landmarks was 27.73 mm. A direct comparison showed that the compared differences were statically significantly different; however, the effect was negligible. Compared with other automatic anatomical landmark detection methods, ours has a similar accuracy with the possibility of real-time analysis. The advantages of the presented method are non-invasiveness, non-contact, and the possibility of continuous observation, also during exercise. The proposed solution is another step in the general trend of objectivization in physiotherapeutic diagnostics.

Evaluation of the Position of Mental Foramen for Clinical and Forensic Significance in terms of Gender in Dentate Subjects by Digital Panoramic Radiographs

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Mhapuskar ◽  
Shweta Thakare ◽  
Darshan Hiremutt ◽  
Versha R Giroh ◽  
Kedarnath Kalyanpur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Lower Border ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Position ◽  
Inferior Border

ABSTRACT Introduction Evaluation of the position of mental foramen aids in forensic, surgical, endodontic, as well as diagnostic procedures. Thus, in view of this, the present study was conducted among the population of Pune, a central part of India, to determine the most regular location of the mental foramen and to estimate difference in position of mental foramen based on gender. Materials and methods The present retrospective study was commenced on 200 digital panoramic radiographs of dentate patients. The location of the representation of the mental foramen was traced. Measurements for evaluating distance of superior and inferior borders of the foramen in relation to the lower border of the mandible were made using the reference lines drawn from anatomical landmarks. The data so obtained were statistically analyzed using chi-square test. Results The most common position of mental foramen among Pune population in horizontal plane in both male and female patients was in line with second premolar followed by position in between first and second premolar, whereas in the vertical plane, most common position was at or in line with apex of second premolar followed by in between apex of first and second premolar. The variation in length of superior and inferior border of the foramen in relation to lower border of the mandible with respect to gender was found to be significant, with p-value <0.05. Conclusion There was no difference in position of mental foramen in horizontal and vertical planes based on gender. Clinical significance The stability of location of mental foramen and significant difference in length of superior and inferior border of the foramen in relation to lower border of the mandible with respect to gender offer its application in forensic identification of gender. How to cite this article Thakare S, Mhapuskar A, Hiremutt D, Giroh VR, Kalyanpur K, Alpana KR. Evaluation of the Position of Mental Foramen for Clinical and Forensic Significance in terms of Gender in Dentate Subjects by Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):762-768.

scholarly journals Anatomic Landmarks and Morphometric Measurements for Accurate Localization of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion via the Transnasal and Infrazygomatic Approaches: A Cadaveric Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Daisy Sahni ◽  
Anjali Aggarwal ◽  
Tulika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine

ABSTRACT Objective Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block is used for a variety of craniofacial pain syndromes either through the trans-nasal route or via the infrazygomatic approach. Intraoperative imaging can identify the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) but not the exact position of the SPG. Accurate localization of the PG requires knowledge of the relevant anatomical landmarks. Materials and methods Thirty mid sagittal head and neck cadaveric sections were studied and the morphometric data was te correct SPG localization via trans-nasal roach and infrazygomatic approach. Results The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) was located at an average distance of 55 mm from the anterior nasal spine at a mean angle of 22°. It was at or just superior to the midpoint of a line joining the skull base and the hard palate. The SPG was located 4 mm posterior and 4.7 mm lateral to the SPF at a mean distance of 6.3 mm from the SPF at an inclination of about 50° in both the sagittal and coronal planes. In the infrazygomatic approach, the SPG was between 4.5 and 6.3 cm the skin and an angle of about 7° posterior and inferior. Conclusion These morphometric measurements will be of help to the clinician for accurate electrode or needle placement for SPG block and in avoiding complications related to inaccurate needle placement. How to cite this article Gupta T, Aggarwal A, Sahni D. Anatomic Landmarks and Morphometric Measurements for Accurate Localization of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion via the Transnasal and Infrazygomatic Approaches: A Cadaveric Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):14-18.

scholarly journals Relationship of Intraoperative Anatomical Landmarks, the Scapular Plane and the Perpendicular Plane with Glenoid for Central Guide Insertion during Shoulder Arthroplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Jung Han Kim ◽  
Young Kyoung Min
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Glenoid Component ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Perpendicular Plane ◽  
Scapular Plane

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the positional relationship between planes of the glenoid component (the scapular plane and the perpendicular plane to the glenoid) and its surrounding structures.METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) images of both shoulders of 100 patients were evaluated using the 3-dimensional CT reconstruction program (Aquarius®; TeraRecon). We determined the most lateral scapular bony structure of the scapular plane and measured the shortest distance between the anterolateral corner of the acromion and the scapular plane. The distance between the scapular plane and the midpoint of the line connecting the posterolateral corner of acromion and the anterior tip of the coracoid process (fulcrum axis) was also evaluated. The perpendicular plane was then adjusted to the glenoid and the same values were re-assessed.RESULTS: The acromion was the most lateral scapular structure of scapular plane and perpendicular plane to the glenoid. The average distance from the anterolateral corner of the acromion to the scapular plane was 10.44 ± 5.11 mm, and to the plane perpendicular to the glenoid was 9.55 ± 5.13 mm. The midpoint of fulcrum axis was positioned towards the acromion and was measured at 3.90 ± 3.21 mm from the scapular plane and at 3.84 ± 3.17 mm from the perpendicular plane to the glenoid.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicates that the relationship between the perpendicular plane to the glenoid plane and its surrounding structures is reliable and can be used as guidelines during glenoid component insertion (level of evidence: Level IV, case series, treatment study).

The precision and repeatability of a custom-made pointer device for determination of virtual landmarks in canine three-dimensional kinematics

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Malek ◽  
G. J. Monteith ◽  
N. M. M. Moens
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Steinmann Pin

SummaryPlacement of markers on anatomical landmarks represents a large source of error in three-dimensional kinematics. Our objectives were to test the accuracy and precision of a custom-made pointer and compare it to conventional skin markers in dogs. The pointer was first assessed by pointing at the surface of a spherical marker of known dimensions and position in space. Secondly, a point located cranio-distally to the lateral epicondyle was marked in 12 canine elbows with a Steinmann pin and reflective markers. Ability to locate a landmark was compared between the pointer and skin-mounted marker. The distance between experimental and true locations was compared between the two methods. A sphere was mathematically fitted through 29 collected points on the spherical marker. Centre, diameter and volume overlap of the fitted sphere were compared to that of the marker. A 0.729 mm bias was found indicating good accuracy. Residual values were small indicating good precision. The average distance between the true and experimental position of the anatomical landmarks were 9.55 ± 4.20 mm and 9.32 ± 3.28 mm for the pointer and the marker respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two methods. The pointer proved to be accurate and reliable for localizing virtual points and was at least equivalent to skin mounted markers for the detection of anatomical landmarks in the dog. It should prove useful in the localization of anatomical landmarks for kinematic analysis.

scholarly journals Landmarks For Accurate Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Via the Transnasal and Infrazygomatic Approaches: A Cadaveric Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Daisy Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Ganglion Block ◽  
Sphenopalatine Foramen ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Exact Position

Abstract INTRODUCTION Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block is used for a variety of craniofacial pain syndromes either through the transnasal route or via the infrazygomatic approach. Intraoperative imaging can identify the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) but not the exact position of the SPG. Accurate localization of the SPG requires knowledge of the relevant anatomical landmarks. METHODS A total of 30 mid sagittal head and neck cadaveric sections were studied. The specimens were fixed in anatomical position and the morphometric data was collected to facilitate correct SPG localization via trans-nasal approach and infrazygomatic approach. The metrical parameters were taken with the help of a digital vernier caliper accurate up to 0.02 mm. RESULTS The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) was located at an average distance of 55 mm from the anterior nasal spine at a mean angle of 22°. It was at or just superior to the midpoint of a line joining the skull base and the hard palate. The SPG was located 4 mm posterior and 4.7 mm lateral to the SPF at a mean distance of 6.3 mm from the SPF at an inclination of about 50° in both the sagittal and coronal planes. In the infrazygomatic approach, the SPG was between 4.5 and 6.3 cm from the skin and at an angle of about 7° posterior and inferior. These two angles were remarkable in being almost same for all specimens in both the measured planes. CONCLUSION These morphometric measurements will be of help to the clinician for accurate electrode or needle placement for SPG block and in avoiding complications related to inaccurate needle placement.

Skull Localization using Ultrasound for Navigated Neurosurgery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Skull Model ◽  
Tracked Ultrasound ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Image-guided navigation for neurosurgery requires accurate localization of the skull. Localization can be problematic when the patient is in a facedown position. The posterior skull lacks unique identifiable landmarks, which complicates standard localization methods using a tracked pointer. In addition to the lack of anatomical landmarks, trying to access facial surfaces is error-prone when working under the table and problems arise with line-of-sight of the optical tracker. We proposed the use of ultrasound to perform localization and investigated the accuracy of this process. A simulation study was performed to test the feasibility of ultrasound for localization on a plastic skull. An initial localization, using an optically tracked pointer, was performed to partially align pre-operative images and the skull model. Skull surface points were localized by optically tracked ultrasound and used in a surface registration algorithm. Accuracy and reproducibility was then investigated. Evaluation of the proposed localization method found that the average distance of points off the skull surface was 0.6 ± 0.1mm, which meets the same standards set by current commercially available systems for face-up positions. Using tracked ultrasound for registration is feasible for patients in facedown position. We provided a non-invasive method of registration that could be accomplished using one optical tracking camera, and maintains a constant line-of-sight. This project was performed in cooperation with Dr. Gernot Kronreif and the Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology. Dr. Kronreif and his staff are preparing for a clinical test of this localization process.

scholarly journals Predictive formula of cervical lordosis in asymptomatic young population

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Zhu ◽  
Zhongcheng An ◽  
Yingjian Zhang ◽  
Hao Wei ◽  
Liqiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Sagittal Vertical Axis ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Not a large number of previous studies have reported the normal sagittal balance of the cervical spine and physiological cervical lordosis (CL) has not been clearly defined yet. Methods This was a prospective radiological analysis of asymptomatic subjects. The following cervical sagittal parameters were measured: CL, thoracic inlet angle (TIA), T1 slope (T1S), neck tilt (NT), and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (C2–7 SVA). The Pearson correlation test was calculated, and the stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted by using the CL (dependent variable) and the other cervical sagittal parameters (independent variables) to determine the best sets of predictors. A paired sample t test was conducted between the predicted and measured values. Results The mean age of 307 participants was 24.54 + 3.07. The mean CL, TIA, T1S, NT, and C2–C7 SVA was 17.11° ± 6.31°, 67.87° ± 7.78°, 25.84° ± 5.36°, 42.53° ± 6.68°, and 14.60 ± 8.20 mm, respectively. The formula was established as follows: CL = 0.762 × T1S − 0.392 × C2–C7 SVA + 0.25 × TIA − 13.795 (R = 0.812, R2 = 0.660) (stepwise multiple regression) and CL = 0.417 × TIA − 11.193 (R = 0.514, R2 = 0.264) (simple linear regression). There was no statistical difference between the predicted CL and the measured CL (t = 0.034, P = 0.973). Conclusions There was a significant correlation between CL and other cervical sagittal parameters, including TIA, T1S, NT, and C2–C7 SVA in asymptomatic Chinese population. The results of this study may serve as a normal reference value for the study of asymptomatic population.

scholarly journals Anatomical landmarks for localizing the otic ganglion: A possible new treatment target for headache disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251581631985076
Author(s):  
Joan Crespi ◽  
Daniel Bratbak ◽  
David W. Dodick ◽  
Manjit S. Matharu ◽  
Miriam Senger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Mandibular Nerve ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Parasympathetic Innervation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Edge

Background: The otic ganglion (OG) is a cranial parasympathetic ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa under the foramen ovale (FO) and adjacent to the medial part of the mandibular nerve. Parasympathetic innervation of intracranial vessels from the OG has been shown both in animal and human models and evidence suggests that the OG plays an important role in the cranial vasomotor response. We review the evidence that positions the OG as a viable target for headache disorders. The OG is a small structure and not detectable on medical imaging. The FO is easily identifiable on CT scans and the mandibular nerve on MRI, hence, the position of the OG may be predicted if the mean distance from the FO is known. Objective: The objective is to describe the average distance between the FO and the OG in a sample of 18 infratemporal fossae from 21 cadavers. Methods: A total of 21 high definition photographs of 21 infratemporal fossae from 18 cadavers were analyzed. The distance between the inferior edge of the medial part of the FO to the OG was measured. Results: Four photographs of infratemporal fossae of four cadavers were excluded due to the inability to localize the inferior edge of the FO. A total of 15 infratemporal fossae from 17 cadavers were measured. The mean distance from the FO to the OG was 4.5 mm (SD 1.7), range 2.1–7.7 mm. Conclusions: We have described the average distance from the OG to an easily identifiable anatomical landmark that is visible in CT scans, the FO. This anatomical study may aid in the development of strategies to localize the OG in order to explore its role as a therapeutic target for headache disorders.

scholarly journals MRI-Ultrasound Fusion Imaging for Diagnosis of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis – A Critical Appraisal

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. E85-E90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Berger ◽  
Onno Henneman ◽  
Johann Rhemrev ◽  
Maddy Smeets ◽  
Frank Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Fusion Imaging ◽  
Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Calibration Point ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Infiltrating Endometriosis

AbstractIt was the aim of our study to evaluate this procedure using pelvic anatomical landmarks in order to assess the accuracy of fusion imaging and to critically evaluate the applicability in daily practice.In a prospective, single center study, 10 patients with clinical signs of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) were selected. We measured the distance between the landmark organ and the target shown by the software system (measurement 1). Measurement 2 depicts the distance between the landmark and the nearest calibration point. The calibration inaccuracy was measured as a third type of measurement (measurement 3).Measurement 1: the average distance between the organ landmark to the target was 13.6 mm (range: 0–96 mm). Measurement 2: in 31 of the 40 attempts (77.5 %), we could measure the distance from the landmark organ to the nearest calibration point. The average distance was 34.4 mm (range: 0–69 mm).Measurement 3: A perfect match was seen in 6 of 20 attempts (30.0 %). There was a deviation in 14 of the 20 attempts (70.0 %). The mean distance was 11.1 mm (range: 6–23 mm). Conclusion Although very promising, MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging (MUFI) currently cannot be readily implemented into daily practice as a routine evaluation of DIE.

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