Effects of Adding Eubiotic Lignocellulose on the Growth Performance, Laying Performance, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Two Breeds of Hens

Eubiotic lignocellulose is a new and useful dietary fiber source for chickens. However, few studies have been undertaken on the impacts of its use as a supplement in different chicken breeds. In this experiment, 108 Chinese native breed Bian hens (BH) and 108 commercial breed ISA Brown hens (IBH) were chosen. They were randomly divided into three groups, and 0, 2, or 4% eubiotic lignocellulose was added to their feed during the growing periods (9–20 weeks), respectively. We aimed to observe the impacts of adding eubiotic lignocellulose on the growth and laying performance, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of two breeds of hens. In this study, the addition of eubiotic lignocellulose had no significant effect on the growth performance and gut microbial diversity in the two breeds of chickens (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, adding 4% eubiotic lignocellulose significantly increased the cecum weight, laying performance (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the SCFA of BH (P > 0.05); however, adding 4% significantly inhibited the intestinal development, laying performance, butyrate concentration, and SCFA content of IBH (P < 0.05). Moreover, the relative abundances of the fiber-degrading bacteria Alloprevotella and butyrate-producing bacteria Fusobacterium in the 4% group of BH were significantly higher than those in the 4% group of IBH (P < 0.05), resulting in the concentration of butyrate was significantly higher than those in it (P < 0.05). Combining these results suggests that the tolerance of BH to a high level of eubiotic lignocellulose is greater than that of IBH and adding 2-4% eubiotic lignocellulose is appropriate for BH, while 0–2% eubiotic lignocellulose is appropriate for IBH.

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Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2464

Author(s):

Zhan-Dong Yang ◽

Yi-Shan Guo ◽

Jun-Sheng Huang ◽

Ya-Fei Gao ◽

Fei Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Secondary Bile Acid ◽

Prebiotic Activity ◽

Secondary Bile Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

In vitro experiments have indicated prebiotic activity of isomaltulose, which stimulates the growth of probiotics and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the absence of in vivo trials undermines these results. This study aims to investigate the effect of isomaltulose on composition and functionality of gut microbiota in rats. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the IsoMTL group was given free access to water containing 10% isomaltulose (w/w), and the control group was treated with normal water for five weeks. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that ingestion of isomaltulose increased the abundances of beneficial microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased levels of pathogens, including Shuttleworthia. Bacterial functional prediction showed that isomaltulose affected gut microbial functionalities, including secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Targeted metabolomics demonstrated that isomaltulose supplementation enhanced cholic acid concentration, and reduced levels of lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid. Moreover, the concentrations of propionate and butyrate were elevated in the rats administered with isomaltulose. This work suggests that isomaltulose modulates gut microbiota and the production of SCFAs and secondary bile acids in rats, which provides a scientific basis on the use of isomaltulose as a prebiotic.

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Potential Effects of Acidifier and Amylase as Substitutes for Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Gut Microbiota in Yellow-Feathered Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1858

Author(s):

Yibing Wang ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Xiajing Lin ◽

Zhongyong Gou ◽

Qiuli Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

E Coli ◽

Nutrient Digestion ◽

Zinc Bacitracin ◽

High Level

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acidifier (benzoic acid, BA), amylase (AL) and their combination as substitutes for antibiotics on growth performance, antioxidation, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 1440 twenty-one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to six treatments. Broilers in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, whereas birds in the other five groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (zinc bacitracin, AT, 40 mg/kg), BA (2000 mg/kg), low level AL (AL-L, 300 mg/kg), high level AL (AL-H, 500 mg/kg) and the combination of AL-H and BA (BA+AL-H). The experimental animals were killed at the end of the trial (21 day-63 day) then blood samples were collected from two birds per pen. Bird weight, feed intake and survival rate were recorded on pen basis. Growth performance was not significantly influenced by AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL-H. Plasma uric acid (UA) was decreased from CON by all treatments; the activity of AKP in plasma was also lowered by AT, BA, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Plasma activity of LDH was reduced by BA. In the jejunal mucosa, Na+K+-ATP activity was increased by BA, AL-L, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Mucosal activities of T-AOC and CAT were increased with AL-L and AT supplementation, respectively. Additionally, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the cecal contents was reduced by BA+AL-H and, with the exception of AL-H, all treatments increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. In conclusion, dietary AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL were effective in improving the antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota composition. No significant differences were observed in the tested variables between AT and other treatments, indicating that BA, AL and their combination may be alternatives to dietary inclusion of zinc bacitracin. Dietary addition of 500 mg/kg AL and 2000 mg/kg BA was an optimum supplementation dose.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Gut microbiota-derived short-chain Fatty acids, T cells, and inflammation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725300895.793509795 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Kaunitz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

T Cells ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics ◽

10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.15:52-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Sri Winarti ◽

Agung Pasetyo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

E Coli ◽

Colonic Microbiota ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Lactobacillus Spp ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

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Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180912143434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (27) ◽

pp. 3223-3231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luyao Li ◽

Shiyao Xu ◽

Tingting Guo ◽

Shouliang Gong ◽

Chuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Deficient Mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice using an animal model of diabetes. Methods: Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks. Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora. Results: The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput sequencing. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy homeostasis.

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Impact of oral COMT-inhibitors on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 20-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Grün ◽

Valerie C. Zimmer ◽

Jil Kauffmann ◽

Jörg Spiegel ◽

Ulrich Dillmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Comt Inhibitors ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Junhui Zhang ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Minjie Zhao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Short Chain ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg−1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.

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Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration ◽

10.1186/s13024-021-00427-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Velma T. E. Aho ◽

Madelyn C. Houser ◽

Pedro A. B. Pereira ◽

Jianjun Chang ◽

Knut Rudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate their interrelations and links to clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool and plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 56 controls. Levels of stool SCFAs and stool and plasma inflammatory and permeability markers were compared between patients and controls and related to one another and to the gut microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased and SCFAs decreased in stool in PD in a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory markers in plasma and stool were neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at PD onset was positively correlated with SCFAs and negatively correlated with CXCL8 and IL-1β in stool. Fecal zonulin correlated positively with fecal NGAL and negatively with PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity and composition were linked to levels of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and zonulin in stool. Certain relationships differed between patients and controls and by sex. Conclusions Intestinal inflammatory responses and reductions in fecal SCFAs occur in PD, are related to the microbiota and to disease onset, and are not reflected in plasma inflammatory profiles. Some of these relationships are distinct in PD and are sex-dependent. This study revealed potential alterations in microbiota-host interactions and links between earlier PD onset and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduced SCFA levels, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways which may contribute to PD pathogenesis and clinical presentation and which warrant further investigation.

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The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-021-01727-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominic Salamone ◽

Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽

Claudia Vetrani

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

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Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Shi ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Fan Zhao ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Galia Zamaratskaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tryptophan Metabolites ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

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