scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Canine Osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita K. Luu ◽  
Geoffrey A. Wood ◽  
Alicia M. Viloria-Petit
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Canine Osteosarcoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biomarker Research

Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy that frequently metastasizes to the lung and bone. Not only has there been essentially no improvement in therapeutic outcome over the past 3 decades, but there is also a lack of reliable biomarkers in clinical practice. This makes it difficult to discriminate which patients will most benefit from the standard treatment of amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers could aid in the clinical diagnosis of primary OSA and metastasis; while prognostic, and predictive biomarkers could allow clinicians to stratify patients to predict response to treatment and outcome. This review summarizes biomarkers that have been explored in canine OSA to date. The focus is on molecular biomarkers identified in tumor samples as well as emerging biomarkers that have been identified in blood-based (liquid) biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we propose future directions in biomarker research to ensure they can be incorporated into a clinical setting.

The evolution of computer-based analysis of high-resolution CT of the chest in patients with IPF

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200944
Author(s):  
Lucio Calandriello ◽  
Simon LF Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Disease

In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), there is an urgent need of biomarkers which can predict disease behaviour or response to treatment. Most published studies report results based on continuous data which can be difficult to apply to individual patients in clinical practice. Having antifibrotic therapies makes it even more important that we can accurately diagnose and prognosticate in IPF patients. Advances in computer technology over the past decade have provided computer-based methods for objectively quantifying fibrotic lung disease on high-resolution CT of the chest with greater strength than visual CT analysis scores. These computer-based methods and, more recently, the arrival of deep learning-based image analysis might provide a response to these unsolved problems. The purpose of this commentary is to provide insights into the problems associated with visual interpretation of HRCT, describe of the current technologies used to provide quantification of disease on HRCT and prognostication in IPF patients, discuss challenges to the implementation of this technology and future directions.

scholarly journals Molecular Targets for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Romain Cohen ◽  
Thomas Pudlarz ◽  
Jean-François Delattre ◽  
Raphaël Colle ◽  
Thierry André
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Her2 Amplification ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past

Over the past years, colorectal cancer (CRC) was subtyped according to its molecular and genetic characteristics, allowing the development of therapeutic strategies, based on predictive biomarkers. Biomarkers such as microsatellite instability (MSI), RAS and BRAF mutations, HER2 amplification or NTRK fusions represent major tools for personalized therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the routine implementation of molecular predictive tests provides new perspectives and challenges for the therapeutic management of CRC patients, such as liquid biopsies and the reintroduction of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of targeted therapies for metastatic CRC patients, with a focus on new developments for EGFR blockade and emerging biomarkers (MSI, HER2, NTRK).

scholarly journals Clinical Proteomics in Colorectal Cancer, a Promising Tool for Improving Personalised Medicine

Proteomes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Chauvin ◽  
François-Michel Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Clinical Proteomics ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Biomarker Research

Colorectal cancer is the third most common and the fourth most lethal cancer worldwide. In most of cases, patients are diagnosed at an advanced or even metastatic stage, thus explaining the high mortality. The lack of proper clinical tests and the complicated procedures currently used for detecting this cancer, as well as for predicting the response to treatment and the outcome of a patient’s resistance in guiding clinical practice, are key elements driving the search for biomarkers. In the present overview, the different biomarkers (diagnostic, prognostic, treatment resistance) discovered through proteomics studies in various colorectal cancer study models (blood, stool, biopsies), including the different proteomic techniques used for the discovery of these biomarkers, are reviewed, as well as the various tests used in clinical practice and those currently in clinical phase. These studies define the limits and perspectives related to proteomic biomarker research for personalised medicine in colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Psychoeducational Interventions for Family Caregivers of Seniors across Their Life Trajectory: An Evidence-Based Research Program to Inform Clinical Practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Psychoeducational Interventions

Family caregivers of the elderly are growing in number and the care they are called upon to deliver in industrialized countries is becoming increasingly demanding and complex. Empirical research shows that the caregiving situation can have a significant impact on the health of these caregivers often on account of stress, physical and psychological exhaustion, and a sense of being overwhelmed. In this context, the quality of life of these caregivers depends in large part on professional educational and support interventions. The purpose of this paper is to present three innovative psychoeducational intervention programs developed and empirically tested by the research team of the Université de Montréal’s (Québec, Canada) Chair in Nursing Care for Seniors and Their Families over the past fifteen years. These interventions have been developed together with family caregivers experiencing different stressful situations across their care trajectory. The results of evaluative studies of these programs provide evidence to inform professional clinical practice. Future directions for caregiving research are discussed.

scholarly journals Harnessing Synthetic Lethal Interactions for Personalized Medicine

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Grace S. Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Genes ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Lethal Interactions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cancer Medicine

Two genes are said to have synthetic lethal (SL) interactions if the simultaneous mutations in a cell lead to lethality, but each individual mutation does not. Targeting SL partners of mutated cancer genes can kill cancer cells but leave normal cells intact. The applicability of translating this concept into clinics has been demonstrated by three drugs that have been approved by the FDA to target PARP for tumors bearing mutations in BRCA1/2. This article reviews applications of the SL concept to translational cancer medicine over the past five years. Topics are (1) exploiting the SL concept for drug combinations to circumvent tumor resistance, (2) using synthetic lethality to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers, (3) applying SL interactions to stratify patients for targeted and immunotherapy, and (4) discussions on challenges and future directions.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: New Players in Lymphomas

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Navarro-Tableros ◽  
Yonathan Gomez ◽  
Giovanni Camussi ◽  
Maria Felice Brizzi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Tumor Immune Escape ◽  
Clinical Tools

Lymphomas are heterogeneous diseases, and the term includes a number of histological subtypes that are characterized by different clinical behavior and molecular phenotypes. Valuable information on the presence of lymphoma cell-derived extracellular vesicles (LCEVs) in the bloodstream of patients suffering from this hematological cancer has recently been provided. In particular, it has been reported that the number and phenotype of LCEVs can both change as the disease progresses, as well as after treatment. Moreover, the role that LCEVs play in driving tumor immune escape has been reported. This makes LCEVs potential novel clinical tools for diagnosis, disease progression, and chemoresistance. LCEVs express surface markers and convey specific molecules in accordance with their cell of origin, which can be used as targets and thus lead to the development of specific therapeutics. This may be particularly relevant since circulating LCEVs are known to save lymphoma cells from anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)20-induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Therefore, effort should be directed toward investigating the feasibility of using LCEVs as predictive biomarkers of disease progression and/or response to treatment that can be translated to clinical use. The use of liquid biopsies in combination with serum EV quantification and cargo analysis have been also considered as potential approaches that can be pursued in the future. Upcoming research will also focus on the identification of specific molecular targets in order to generate vaccines and/or antibodies against LCEVs. Finally, the removal of circulating LCEVs has been proposed as a simple and non-invasive treatment approach. We herein provide an overview of the role of LCEVs in lymphoma diagnosis, immune tolerance, and drug resistance. In addition, alternative protocols that utilize LCEVs as therapeutic targets are discussed.

scholarly journals Cell-free microRNAs as Non-invasive Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 569-580
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Gablo ◽  
Vladimir Prochazka ◽  
Zdenek Kala ◽  
Ondrej Slaby ◽  
Igor Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Diagnostic Management ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Multimodal Management ◽  
Biomarker Research

Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with an increasing global incidence rate. Unfavorable prognosis largely results from associated difficulties in early diagnosis and the absence of prognostic and predictive biomarkers that would enable an individualized therapeutic approach. In fact, PaC prognosis has not improved for years, even though much efforts and resources have been devoted to PaC research, and the multimodal management of PaC patients has been used in clinical practice. It is thus imperative to develop optimal biomarkers, which would increase diagnostic precision and improve the post-diagnostic management of PaC patients. Current trends in biomarker research envisage the unique opportunity of cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) present in circulation to become a convenient, non-invasive tool for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to treatment. This review analyzes studies focused on cell-free miRNAs in PaC. The studies provide solid evidence that miRNAs are detectable in serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, and stool, and that they present easy-to-acquire biomarkers with strong diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Meeting the Best Practice for Hearing Aid Verification in Children: Challenges and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-894
Author(s):  
Nur Azyani Amri ◽  
Tian Kar Quar ◽  
Foong Yen Chong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Fitting Hearing Aids

Purpose This study examined the current pediatric amplification practice with an emphasis on hearing aid verification using probe microphone measurement (PMM), among audiologists in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frequency of practice, access to PMM system, practiced protocols, barriers, and perception toward the benefits of PMM were identified through a survey. Method A questionnaire was distributed to and filled in by the audiologists who provided pediatric amplification service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. One hundred eight ( N = 108) audiologists, composed of 90.3% women and 9.7% men (age range: 23–48 years), participated in the survey. Results PMM was not a clinical routine practiced by a majority of the audiologists, despite its recognition as the best clinical practice that should be incorporated into protocols for fitting hearing aids in children. Variations in practice existed warranting further steps to improve the current practice for children with hearing impairment. The lack of access to PMM equipment was 1 major barrier for the audiologists to practice real-ear verification. Practitioners' characteristics such as time constraints, low confidence, and knowledge levels were also identified as barriers that impede the uptake of the evidence-based practice. Conclusions The implementation of PMM in clinical practice remains a challenge to the audiology profession. A knowledge-transfer approach that takes into consideration the barriers and involves effective collaboration or engagement between the knowledge providers and potential stakeholders is required to promote the clinical application of evidence-based best practice.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

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