scholarly journals La eficiencia térmica de las mezclas de combustibles reciclados de aceites lubricantes y comestibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Marcos Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Heat Value

The energy demand increases with the social, industrial and technological requirements, independent of the sources to supply it. More than half of the total energy consumption is supplied by fossil fuels, which can be replaced by alternative and more environmentally friendly fuels. The present research evaluates thermal efficiency, net output work and energy availability from recycled vegetable-animal and synthetic-mineral substances, in a pure state and blended with neat diesel. The calculation uses mainly the heat value of each fuel and the air properties along each stroke of the diesel cycle. The purpose of the present research consists in the evaluation of the thermal efficiency of alternative fuels in functions of the whole engine cycle and not only Stoichiometric the heat value and quantity of each fuel. It was found that the neat fuel from recycled edible sources provides more net output work and is able to perform longer combustions, while the advantage of higher thermal efficiencies using recycled lubricating oil relies on its use as an additive in a blend with neat diesel. The use of alternative and ecological neat fuels of blends is conditioned by the efforts to produce them and by the resulting thermal efficiency, net output work and remaining energetic availability.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

Experimental Evaluation of Injection Pressure for a Mahua Oil Methyl Ester (MOME) Fueled C.I. Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
B. Kondaiah ◽  
B. Durga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mahua Oil ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Injection Pressures

:The population explosion in India is causing heavy consumption of energy resources. Most of the transportation sector is based on diesel as fuel. In this regard, it is high time for the search of renewable alternative fuels to reduce the dependency of oil imports. The usage of fossil fuels is also causing environment pollution. To minimize the pollution, an alternative to diesel is found to be non edible Mahua oil. In the present work, experiments were carried out on Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) fuel and evaluated its performance at different injection pressures ranging from 190 to 220bar with the increment of 10 bar. The effect of blending of MOME with diesel at different injection pressures were studied experimentally to evaluate the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. It was observed from experimental results that 20% MOME (B20) have higher thermal efficiency at 190 bar compared with pure diesel and also HC and CO emissions were reduced.

Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Deccan Hemp Methyl Ester

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Balasubramanian ◽  
R. Anand ◽  
B. Venkatesh ◽  
G. R. Kannan ◽  
S. P. Sivapirakasam
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Hemp Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The world needs an alternative fuels that could maintain the world running on its wheels due to the increasing energy demand and uncertainty in availability of the fossil fuels. The present investigation analyzes the scope of utilizing the Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel derived from jute seed as an alternative to the diesel. Experimental investigation was carried out at diesel engine with different loads from 0% to 100% and 10% overload condition under a constant speed of 1500 rpm. It was found that the reduction in brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption was observed with biodiesel in comparison with diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions for Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel were reduced by 0.2% vol, 1.6% vol, 62.5%, 36.84% whereas slightly higher smoke emission was observed when compared to diesel fuel. These studies revealed that Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel can be used as a fuel in compression ignition engine without any engine modifications.

Experimental Investigation of Four Stroke Diesel Engine Performance Using Neem Oil and Neem Oil with Hydrogen as a Fuel

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1559-1563
Author(s):  
Thangaraju Rajasekaran ◽  
K. Duraisamy ◽  
K.R. Arvindd ◽  
D. Thamilarasu ◽  
Venkatachalam Chandraprabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Ci Engines

Depletion of fossil fuels, unaffordability of conventional fuels (petrol, diesel) and atmospheric pollution lead researchers to develop alternative fuels. Fuels derived from renewable biological resources used in diesel engines are known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmental friendly liquid fuel similar to petrol and diesel in combustion properties. Increasing environmental concern, diminishing petroleum reserves and agriculture based economy of our country are the driving forces to promote biodiesel as an alternate fuel. Hydrogen seems to be viable fuel to meet sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. Hydrogen has high calorific value and clean burning characteristics which makes it effective fuel for future. It was found that hydrogen usage reduce emissions such as CO2and HC. India is one of the largest producers of neem oil and its seed contains 30% oil content. It is an untapped source in India, so the neem oil usage will be a best option. The investigation made on pure neem oil and neem oil with hydrogen addition at different flow rate (2 lpm & 4 lpm) in CI engines. The result shows that, brake thermal efficiency of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was increased to 7.98% compare to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque and fuel consumption of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was decreased to 13.49% compared to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque.

scholarly journals Role of Biofuels in Energy Transition, Green Economy and Carbon Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12374
Author(s):  
Nida Khan ◽  
Kumarasamy Sudhakar ◽  
Rizalman Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Social

Modern civilization is heavily reliant on petroleum-based fuels to meet the energy demand of the transportation sector. However, burning fossil fuels in engines emits greenhouse gas emissions that harm the environment. Biofuels are commonly regarded as an alternative for sustainable transportation and economic development. Algal-based fuels, solar fuels, e-fuels, and CO2-to-fuels are marketed as next-generation sources that address the shortcomings of first-generation and second-generation biofuels. This article investigates the benefits, limitations, and trends in different generations of biofuels through a review of the literature. The study also addresses the newer generation of biofuels highlighting the social, economic, and environmental aspects, providing the reader with information on long-term sustainability. The use of nanoparticles in the commercialization of biofuel is also highlighted. Finally, the paper discusses the recent advancements that potentially enable a sustainable energy transition, green economy, and carbon neutrality in the biofuel sector.

The Photovoltaic Challenge

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim C. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Energy Technologies

The term “solar energy” refers to a wide variety of techniques for using the energy available as sunlight. Well-known examples are active and passive thermal solar energy and photovoltaic solar energy but, strictly speaking, hydropower, wind energy, and biomass are also forms of solar energy. Today, only hydropower is used in significant quantities, covering approximately 6% of the world's energy demand. Traditional use of biomass, mainly in developing countries, accounts for more than 10% of the total energy consumption, but is sometimes left out of statistics because it falls outside the category of organized and commercial use.The global potential for solar energy is huge, since the amount of energy that reaches the earth's surface every year exceeds the total energy consumption by roughly a factor of 10,000. There are, however, various barriers to the large-scale use of solar energy technologies. Most technologies have in common that the power density of the generator is low; in other words, one needs large areas to generate significant amounts of energy. This is especially true for biomass, with typical conversion efficiencies (solar energy to chemical energy) of 1% or less. Further, many solar energy technologies have proved technically feasible, but have yet to be proved economically feasible. Last, but not least, the large-scale use of solar energy requires substantial modification of our global energy supply system, which is based largely on fossil fuels.

scholarly journals A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF IDEAL DIESEL CYCLES, PROVIDED TO FUTURE MARINE ENGINEERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
IONELA TICU
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Marine Engineers ◽  
The Ideal

Diesel engines are a type of internal combustion engine widely spread in the maritime sector. In a world depending on fossil fuels, the challenge faced by scientists and professionals consists in the efficient use of this kind of fuels. The future of these engines strongly depends on the efficiency enhancement. Future mechanical engineers have to be trained in order to gain engineering judgement and enterprising attitude. In this respect, this paper deals with a theoretical study focused on the improvement of the efficiency of the ideal Diesel cycle. This type of study was recently introduced in Constanta Maritime University, within Thermodynamics seminar activities, delivered to future marine engineers, enrolled in their third semester. This study will reveal the fact that the efficiency of Diesel cycles is affected by the variation of compression ratio, cut off ratio and specific heats ratio. The results obtained will show that, for the ranges taken into discussion, thermal efficiency might be enhanced by the rise of compression ratio and specific heat ratio values and by lowering cut off ratio values. The study is a predecessor of expensive and time costing experiences and it is also a guidance in the hand of future professionals – able to train them for real solutions.

scholarly journals Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
M. A. Mujtaba ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Muhammad Farhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Absolute Percentage Error ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Viscosity Models ◽  
Mass Basis

Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °С and 40 °С, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock’s including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density model and 1.85%, 1.41%, 3.48% and 2.27%, 1.85%, 3.50% for viscosity models were obtained on % volume and % mass basis. These developed correlations are useful for ternary biodiesel blends where alcohols are the part of biodiesel blends. The modeled values of densities and viscosities of ternary blends were significantly comparable with the measured densities and viscosities, which are feasible to avoid the harm of vehicles’ operability.

scholarly journals Studies on PV power plant designing to fulfil the energy demand of small community in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00040
Author(s):  
Ewelina Krawczak
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Although the total energy production from fossil fuels in Poland has been decreasing for the past few years, still at least 80% of the total energy consumption derives from coal. To reduce this high consumption rate alternative energy sources should be developed. One of the most promising is photovoltaics. This paper presents modeling studies of large scale PV power plant design to fulfil the electricity needs of a small community located in Poland. Based on the energy demand prognosis and monthly solar radiation data PV power plant capacity and a number of modules were computed. The distance between rows of the modules was also determined to avoid the shadowing effect. System configuration and energy production simulations were carried out using DDS-Cad software. Results of energy calculations were compared with the yearly energy needs of the studied community. Reduction of greenhouse gases emission was estimated. Modeling results show that proposed 3.1 MWp photovoltaic plant can produce enough energy to fulfil the yearly energy demand of the households in the studied area. Moreover, significant reduction of CO2 emission and other gaseous pollutants were observed.

Africa's energy future will pose challenges

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Electricity Infrastructure

Subject The social and environmental implications of Africa's rising energy demand. Significance Africa’s energy development poses fundamental social and environmental challenges. Rapid population growth combined with industrialisation and urbanisation imply large increases in energy demand, much of which is expected to be met by fossil fuels, undermining sustainability goals. Yet increased energy use is critical for the economic development of a continent much of which still has to move away from a dependence on traditional biomass and gain modern levels of access to electricity. Impacts The poor state of electricity infrastructure will retard large-scale electrification, encouraging recourse to off-grid renewables. Weak infrastructure will also increase the degree to which future energy demand is met by fossil fuels. Distributed solar and micro-solar use will expand most rapidly where mobile banking has already penetrated.

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