scholarly journals Issues Relating to the Creation of a Central Database to Support Statistical Property Valuations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-117
Author(s):  
Gabriella Grosz ◽  
Evelyn Herbert ◽  
Gábor Izsák ◽  
Katinka Szász
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Banking Competition ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Property ◽  
Central Database ◽  
The Cost

The valuation of real estate collateral is a long-established area of the lending process that is currently undergoing increasingly dynamic development and in which the use of statistical valuation methods is becoming more and more common instead of on-site valuations. The legal conditions for this have been created by amendments to European and national legislation in the past year, but for the method to be truly widely used and operational and to ensure the accuracy of the resulting valuations, access to detailed, accurate, up-to-date and regularly checked data on real estate must be also created. As the databases currently available for Hungarian real estate are very fragmented, in our study, we propose to create a central database that would provide a uniform, up-to-date set of data, by harmonising the existing separate databases. Such a database would help create a level playing field in the market and automate data transfer in a cost-effective, fast and reliable manner. This would greatly facilitate the uptake of statistical valuation methods, supporting the further spread of digitalisation, increasing banking competition, speeding up administration and reducing the cost of lending for all parties.

scholarly journals Model of the hospitality industry development based on the cost approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10035
Author(s):  
Oksana Pirogova ◽  
Vilena Zasenko
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Forecast Period ◽  
Final Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exponential Smoothing Method ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Significant Factors

Apartments have become a new trend in the market over the past few years. This type of real estate is becoming more and more popular every year, both among investors and tourists. The purpose of the article is to make a forecast of prices for apartments in St. Petersburg. Research methods: description, comparison, analogy, generalization and analysis. In the course of the study, the dynamics of changes in prices per square meter of apartments in St. Petersburg for 2014-2019 is considered; the main factors influencing the price index of apartments in St. Petersburg are identified. The influence of the identified factors on the price indicator is analysed on the basis of multiple linear regression. The study showed that almost all factors have a fairly strong relationship with the resulting indicator. The most significant factors are identified, on the basis of which the final model of the cost of apartments is built. On the basis of the exponential smoothing method, an assessment of changes in factors in the forecast period was made and a forecast of apartment prices was made based on the obtained values. The study shows that apartment prices will rise in the coming period. The forecast of the cost of service apartments developed by the authors can have a positive effect when conducting real estate transactions in St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals Open-Minded Electronic Learning: Towards Enabling Cost-effective Lifelong Learning

10.28945/3040 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olutayo Ajayi ◽  
Ibironke Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Computer Aided Learning

Over the past 20 years, computers and the sharing of information have penetrated nearly every aspect of educational life. Indeed, the reliance on Computer-aided Learning has impact on the economic structure and the cost per learner. The demand for electronic learning (e-learning) today is rapidly growing worldwide with the demand simply over stressing the limited infrastructures and resources available. The developing countries are no exception to the same and demand for elearning is relatively on the rise as well. In this paper, an attempt has been made to critically examine ideals of open source strategies for enabling such technologies and other resources available. The paper also provides key recommendations with regards to the steps that need to be taken to enhance the overall quality of the lifelong learning most especially for adults.

WHERE HAVE YOU GONE, JOSEPH SCALIGER?

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
MICHAEL O’BRIEN
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Order ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Creative People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
Workload Allocation ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

It is said we are in trouble, we humanists. “The humanities are under pressure all over the world, Rens Bod begins (xii). James Turner ends, “Without question, the humanities now face greater flux than they have routinely endured in the past century” (385). The trouble and the flux seem to take two forms. There is the usual business of intellectual disciplines forming and re-forming, of new paradigms restructuring institutions, a process that one might regard as discomforting but sometimes healthy. But there is the other business of universities being governed by anti-intellectuals, aficionados of the spreadsheet, counted beans, and the alumni dinner. These predators roam campuses, sneer at libraries, abolish departments, and plan the day when, the cost-effective triumphant, scholarship will be little more than a digital ghost. At the University of Essex, lately Marina Warner was coldly informed of this new order, defined by a “Tariff of Expectations” (seventeen targets to be met) and a “workload allocation” handed down from on high. There was an indifference to what had gone before, what creative people had once hoped for for Colchester. “That is all changing now,” the executive dean for humanities briskly explained. “That is over.” The past, that is. Fed up, Warner resigned, hearing too loudly “the tick of the deathwatch beetle” in the fabric of the house she wished to inhabit, a university that valued scholarship and the life of the mind, as it once had.

scholarly journals A Strategy toward Realizing Ultrashort Channels and Microstructures Array by Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Jianqiu Chen ◽  
Liao Gan ◽  
Zhipeng Pan ◽  
Honglong Ning ◽  
Zhiqiang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
The Cost

Inkjet printing has been proved to be a powerful tool in the cost-effective ambient deposition of functional materials for the fabrication of electronic devices in the past decades. However, restricted by equipment and inks, the feature size of printed dots or lines with conventional inkjet printing is usually limited to several tens of micrometers, which could not fit the requirements for the fabrication of large-area, high-resolution microscale, even nanoscale, structures. Therefore, various technical means were developed for breaking the equipment limits. Here, we report a strategy for realizing ultrashort channels and homogeneous microstructures arrays by a conventional piezoelectric inkjet printing technique without any additional pre-mask process on the substrate. This strategy extends application of piezoelectric inkjet printing technique to biological and technological areas.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF USING NATURAL RUBBER IN THE MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN AND ASPHALT MIXTURES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulnaser Al-Sabaeei ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yussof ◽  
Madzlan Napiah ◽  
Muslich Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future

A comprehensive review using natural rubber in the modification of bitumen used for road construction is presented in this paper. The sources, types and properties of natural rubber are discussed briefly. The methods used by researchers to add natural rubber as a modifier for bitumen are also discussed. A literature review of the effects of natural rubber on the physical, mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen and the performance of asphalt mixtures over the past three decades is presented along with the cost analysis of using natural rubber as a modifier in comparison to using other polymers. Researchers in the field of the highway and pavement engineering need to find a method to deal with the most common pavement distress by using local additives such as natural rubber. It is expected that a special, cost effective and long lasting natural rubber modified flexible for road pavements, which is also fatigue and rut resistant, will be developed in the near future. This will reduce the amount of expenses required for the annual maintenance of asphalt mixtures around the world.

Low-Field MR Imaging — Development in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Sepponen
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Cost Of Health Care ◽  
The Cost

The development project for application of MR imaging to diagnosis of internal hemorrhages was initiated by the Instrumentarium Corporation in 1978. The goal was to develop a diagnostic tool for emergency clinics. Due to the rapid development of imaging technology, the goal was changed to a cost-effective MR unit. During the past 16 years, several generations of low-field units have been introduced. Consequently, a vast amount of clinical and technical knowledge about low-field MR has been gained. The interest in low-field units is rapidly increasing. A part of this may be explained by the pressure to reduce the cost of health care. There are some features which make the low-field approach clinically interesting. These include the feasibility of open magnet configurations, and the availability of unique contrast parameters such as magnetization transfer and T1ρ. One important aspect is the inherent safety of a low-field MR unit. This article reviews the methods and devices introduced through the development of low-field technology in Finland.

scholarly journals Factors Impacting the Performance of Data Transferred Via VPN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2961-2966
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Virtual Private Network ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Transmission Delays ◽  
Private Network ◽  
The Cost

As a cost effective measure to attain security and confidentiality of data, Virtual Private Network (VPN) is used to interconnect two networks. The research shows that the protocols and algorithms of VPNs adds the overhead and in turn affect the network performance. The two end point hardware appliances are configured with standard configuration to establish site to site VPN. There are different data formats transferred via these tunnels. A research was conducted in a simulation environment of open source technology to identify the various factors impacting the performance of data transfer via VPN tunnels. Empirical measurement shows that performance depends critically on nature of data and compressibility in different internet bandwidth conditions. This was also noticed that nested VPN architecture adds complexity in security at the cost of multifold transmission delays. VPN provide security at the cost of performance; hence application specific cost benefit analysis is essential to choose the optimal architecture.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

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