scholarly journals Alternacja lokatywna w wybranych leksykalnych bazach danych

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2/2020(771)) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Patrycja Pałka
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Principal Objective ◽  
Locative Alternation

The object of interest in this paper is verbs describing situations where substances or objects are being removed from a surface. Such verbs are characterised by being subject to locative alternation, which could be exemplifi ed by constructions such as: Dozorca zamiata śmieci z ulicy. → Dozorca zamiata ulicę (ze śmieci) (The caretaker is sweeping litter from the street. → The caretaker is sweeping the street (to remove litter)). The phenomenon of alternation consists in regular variantivity in the syntactic manifestation of verb arguments, whereas locative alternation, according to Beth Levin, concerns at least two manners of expressing arguments assuming the following properties: 1. ‘an object changing its location’ (locatum argument), and 2. ‘a location’ (location argument) in a sentence (Levin 1993: 50). The principal objective of the paper is to discuss whether and how locative alternation is taken into account and described in selected Polish-, English-, and Russian-language specialist lexicographic publications, such as: the Valence Dictionary (Walenty), FrameNet, and Leksykograf (Lexicographer), a base of Russian verbs. The analysis is also aimed to answer the question if the alternating syntactic structures reveal any change in the communicated content and, more specifi cally, in the manner of illustrating a given situation.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATIVE INTENTION AS A FACTOR OF WORD ORDER IN THE UTTERANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
О.Ю. Дементьева ◽  
Ю. Мао
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
The Russian Language

В статье обсуждаются вопросы о порядке слов в русском языке: что подразумевается под порядком слов, в чем его особенности, какие факторы на него влияют. Рассматривается понятие коммуникативной установки говорящего, а также взаимодействие коммуникативной, семантической и синтаксической структур предложения-высказывания. The article deals with the word order in the Russian language: what is meant by the word order, what are its features. what factors determine the word order. The concept of the communicative intention is considered, as well as the interaction of the communicative, semantic and syntactic structures of the utterance.

scholarly journals CONSIDERATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN TEACHING RUSSIAN GRAMMAR TO MONGOLIANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
I.V. Boyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
The Russian Language

Statement of the problem. Russian and Mongolian languages ​​are unrelated, multi-structured, differing from each other in all linguistic aspects, first of all, in grammar. However, unfortunately, their systemic comparative description is still lacking. Besides, the Russian language which used to be compulsory for study as a foreign language in all educational institutions nowadays is studied only in the 7th-9th grades of comprehensive schools. All this negatively affects the Russian language teachers training, many of whom have linguistic and speech competencies insufficiently formed; therefore, in our opinion, the approach to teaching Russian grammar in the Mongolian audience should be improved. The purpose of the article is as follows: on the basis of the comparative characteristics of verbs, nouns and prepositions, to predict the most acute zones of interference in the construction of syntactic structures and to help avoid negative mutual influence. As a result, the main areas of interference are determined. This is, firstly, the structural mismatch of Russian one-piece sentences with their Mongolian equivalents and, secondly, syntactic models with determinants in general and with subject-object ones, in particular. Knowing this will allow the teacher, when planning, to devote more time to these structures, consistent continuous work with them, which ultimately will help the formation of linguistic and speech competence.

scholarly journals Размышления о грамматике в обучении иностранным языкам

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Stanislav Jelínek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Language Teaching And Learning

The article describes some changes in views on the role and acquisition of grammar as a set of forms and syntactic structures and as a system of rules and paradigms in foreign language teaching and learning. An essential part of the article is devoted to explaining key phases that are used when teaching and learning Russian grammar, mainly by presenting various exercises and focusing on the function of forms and structures in communication. This process is presented based on the example of a textbook for Czech learners of the contemporary Russian language.

scholarly journals Semantic and Syntactic Features of Constructions with the Meaning of Measure and Degree in Russian

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
I. V. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Aspect

The syntactic structures, that are intended in Russian to express the meaning of measure and degree, are discussed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the problems of modern syntax, which is aimed at a multidimensional analysis of syntactic structures and the study of the functions of service words involved in their organization. The work was carried out in the traditions of the Vladivostok scientific school, which applied the “from construction” approach to the analysis of syntactic units. It is indicated that this term is used here in a narrow sense as a structure embedded in a complex sentence, having a certain set of components and a specific means of connecting these components. The novelty of the research is determined by the use of the concept of “construction” as the main tool for analyzing syntactic units with the meaning of measure and degree in the formal grammatical aspect. A features analysis of the formation of the semantics of measure and degree within the framework of syntactic structures is presented, the formal organization of these structures is described in detail: the component composition, the “core” of the structure — service complexes used to link components, the role of clarifiers and the possibility of phraseologization of the structure. It is noted that this study is important both for solving theoretical issues that relate to a versatile description of syntactic structures, and for teaching the syntax of the Russian language to foreign students.

scholarly journals LOCATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES: FACTS OF CONTRASTIVE ASYMMETRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
N. STEPANENKO
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Language

Closely related Ukrainian and Russian languages show similarities and differences that permeate different language levels. This problem, despite its long existence, is still relevant. Among the differences that relate to the compared languages, there are inconspicuous and contrasting. The object of the proposed study was the facts of contrastive asymmetry at the level of structures with a locative type of determination. Using the methods of synchronous descriptive, comparative-historical, comparative methods, as well as the method of complex analysis of semantic- syntactic structures, we stated the facts of contrastive asymmetry between Ukrainian and Russian syntactic structures with spatial meaning in four levels: 1) formal-grammatical, 2) semantic, 3) syntactic and 4) synonymous. The proposed division is somewhat conditional because semantics organically interacts with syntagmatics it is closely related to synonymy. The formal-grammatical contrastive asymmetry includes the same values of the construction V + PO + Nloc (Ukrainian language) and V + PO + Ndat (Russian language). Their functional possibilities, the lexical-semantic spectrum of verb, and adverbial placeholders are clarified. It is emphasized that the constructions V + PO + Nloc (Russian Ndat) enter into intra-singular synonymy in the Ukrainian language and inter-singular synonymy in the Russian language. It is proved that at the level of distributive possibilities contrastive asymmetry covers first of all the instrumental prepositional case as a representative of locativity. The differences also apply to the main carriers of valence (a specific feature of the Ukrainian language is that this function, along with verbs of purposeful, sometimes unfocused movement perform verbatives of specific semantics of physical and sound action), lexical and semantic composition of adverbial nouns (in Ukrainian, it is much wider), which is extrapolated to such semantic types as proper and common names of land routes, names of types of cover, areas covered with low vegetation, continents, states, geographical and administrative areas, devices and mechanisms that serve to transport something. It is established that the semantic asymmetry is manifested by the constructions V + Z-POZA + Ngen, V + Z-POPID + Ngen, V + Z-PONAD + Ngen, V + Z_POSERD + Ngen, V + Z_POMIZH + Ngen, V + POPID + Nасс, V + POPID + Ninst, V + POPERED + Ninst, V + POMIZH + Ninst, which actualize the shade of distributivity with the participation of the preposition component. Constructions with a specific semantic description are also recorded, which function in the Ukrainian language and are absent in the Russian language (V + POVZ + Nass, V + PERED + Nass, V + NAD + Nass, V + MIZH + Nass).

scholarly journals Морфолого-синтаксический состав категории темпоральности в русском языке The morphological and syntactic grammes of the category of temporality

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (43) ◽  
pp. 220-242
Author(s):  
Firdos Karim Boraihi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Moment

В статье проанализированы морфологические и синтаксические граммемы категории темпоральности, определен их статус в составе этой категории. Отмечено, что морфологическую категорию времени формирует система формальних средств выражения настоящего, будущего и прошлого времени, особенный статус прошлого времени (давно минувшего) влияет на проблематичность его определения. Акцентировано внимание на том, что глагольные формы времени, противопоставляясь между собой временными значениями, при этом не противопоставляются по синтаксическими свойствам. Прослежена особенность синтаксической категории времени, состоящая в сравнении с морфологической категорией глагольного времени. Прослежено, что в синтаксисе, в структуре его основной единицы – предложении, категория времени одновременно с категориями особы и модальности является средством реализации предикативности, связывая высказывания с действительностью и реальным временем. Abstract The present paper discusses morphological and syntactic structures of time in Russian language. The morphological and syntactic structures are considered part component of time category in Russian language. The morphological categories of time are formed through a various types of expressions .Tenses generally express time relative to the moment of speaking. In some contexts, however, their meaning may be relativized to a point in the past ,present or future which is established in the discourse .Some languages have different verb forms or constructions and that are opposed in meaning not in syntactic category. Hence, the present study traces and compares the syntactical and morphological categories of time that connects the sentence with the reality of the actual time.

scholarly journals Иллюзия иностранной речи в структуре текстов Михаила Зощенко

2018 ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Jarosław Wierzbiński
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Mikhail Zoshchenko ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Stylistic Device

Mikhail Zoshchenko creates specific configurations of word and stylistic constructions using foreign-language parentheses in form of separate lexems, expressions and syntactic structures inserted into passages of a protagonist’s speech. The phenomenon of compilation of Russian and foreign-language forms [or quasi-foreign — taking into consideration the significant number of distortions] can be illustrated by the short story ‘История с переодеванием’. The interlocutors in the text, who in fact cannot speak any foreign language, pretend to use ‘foreign’ words and expressions, involving themselves in a specific verbal game. Their dialogue consists of collocations carried to absurdity, for example: ‘...их бин ейне шамбер-циммер Испания. Компрене? Испания. Падеспань’; ‘Ву зет Германия, одер, может быть, что-нибудь другое?’. Such words and foreign illogical collocations appear to be a unique stylistic device in Zoshchenko’s texts. Their specific features are determined by foreign lexical units usually belonging to several languages. Most frequent are syntactic structures containing Germanisms and Gallicisms. What is more, in Zoshchenko’s texts the foreign parenthetic words and expressions are used exclusively in Russian graphics, which leads to certain changes and modifications of their semantic and phonetic structures according to the model of the Russian language. Transliteration does not reflect the adequate articulation of foreign words and, consequently, results in grotesque effects.

scholarly journals Usage of the V. Dahl’s linguocultural diversity in the process of teaching Russian language to foreign students at the initial stage

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
Development Of Students

The article describes the main directions of linguistic work in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language on the basis of V. Dahl’s linguistic and cultural dichology. At the present time, “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Living Russian Language” and “Proverbs of the Russian People” remain the most important scientific lexicographic and folklore by the means of enriching the lexical reserve of foreign students, as well as enriching their spiritual and moral education and the development of personal creative potential. In Russian as a foreign language classes at level A 1, as exercises in phonetics and for pronunciation, we offer tongue twisters from the collection of V. Dahl’s proverbs, and folklore texts are given without semantization. Paremiological material is used during the study of grammatical topics (as illustrative material) and for the development of students' speech. The use of proverbs and sayings during the Russian language classes contributes to the development of students' language intuition, helps to develop a serious and responsible attitude to the word, not only as a means of communication but also as a complex mechanism of influence on the listener, on his mental state. The linguistic personality, along with mastering the lexical minimum, the development of skills and abilities to use lexical material following the grammatical and syntactic structures of the language, masters the concepts of the culture of another society. Systematic work with paremias expands the lexical reserve of foreigners, revives their speech. Appeal to the Explanatory Dictionary by V. Dahl is associated with the work on nonequivalent vocabulary in the course of literature. The teacher’s choice of vocabulary volume, illustrative material, and principles of adaptation of the Dahl’s vocabulary “nest” for use in classes with foreigners in each case depends on the level of the group, the plan of the leson and the time allotted by the teacher to work with lexical material and lexicographic works.

scholarly journals Russian Language Speakers: Some Observations on their Communicative Behavior

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Andrei Shatilov
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Communicative Practice ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Data

The paper presents the description of specific communicative practice among the Russian language speakers. This research is based on linguistic and cultural data collected in everyday speech and behavior, as well as in the Russian philosophical and literary tradition. The following elements of verbal communication were analyzed: syntactic structures, lexical units, and phonetics. Sociocultural phenomena, such as role-switching, use of background knowledge, and talk domination were observed too. Generally, the method applied here could be defined as content analysis. The findings of the present study suggest that the typical features of the communicative style in the Russian culture are straightforwardness, familiarity, gender and race intolerance, aggressiveness, rude language, irony, and emotionality

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