scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Different Hand-Held Sprayer Types on a Greenhouse Pepper Crop

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Julián Sánchez-Hermosilla ◽  
Victor J. Rincón ◽  
Francisco C. Páez ◽  
José Pérez-Alonso ◽  
Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

The cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses is characterised by high planting density and environmental conditions that favour the development of pests and diseases. These are mainly controlled using plant protection products applied with a hand-held sprayer. This is inefficient low-tech equipment that is difficult to calibrate. The study evaluates one hand-held spray gun and two hand-held spray lances that are widely used in greenhouse vegetable crops. The tests were carried out on a pepper crop at two different developmental stages. Plant canopy deposition and losses to the ground were quantified using a colorimetric method based on applying a tartrazine solution. The results show that the flat-fan spray lance obtains a more uniform spray distribution in the plant canopy and results in losses to the ground that are between 2 and 2.75 times less than when using the other hand-held sprayers tested.

scholarly journals On-Farm Evaluation of Prescription Map-Based Variable Rate Application of Pesticides in Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Campos ◽  
Montserrat Gallart ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
Paula Ortega ◽  
Ramón Salcedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Variable Rate Application ◽  
Pesticide Distribution ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
High Degree

Canopy characteristics are crucial for accurately and safely determining the pesticide quantity and volume of water used for spray applications in vineyards. The inevitably high degree of intraplot variability makes it difficult to develop a global solution for the optimal volume application rate. Here, the design procedure of, and the results obtained from, a variable rate application (VRA) sprayer are presented. Prescription maps were generated after detailed canopy characterization, using a multispectral camera embedded on an unmanned aerial vehicle, throughout the entire growing season in Torrelavit (Barcelona) in four vineyard plots of Chardonnay (2.35 ha), Merlot (2.97 ha), and Cabernet Sauvignonn (4.67 ha). The maps were obtained by merging multispectral images with information provided by DOSAVIÑA®, a decision support system, to determine the optimal volume rate. They were then uploaded to the VRA prototype, obtaining actual variable application maps after the application processes were complete. The prototype had an adequate spray distribution quality, with coverage values in the range of 20–40% and exhibited similar results in terms of biological efficacy on powdery mildew compared to conventional (and constant) application volumes. The VRA results demonstrated an accurate and reasonable pesticide distribution, with potential for reduced disease damage even in cases with reduced amounts of plant protection products and water.

scholarly journals Evaporation and wettability of fungicide spray, with or without adjuvant, on leaves of vegetables

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Laís MB Precipito ◽  
Gustavo Dario ◽  
João V Oliveira ◽  
Rone B Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Evaporation Time ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

ABSTRACT On tomato, cucumber and bell pepper cultivation, commonly large quantities of plant-protection products are applied, to control pests and diseases, as a way to guarantee better productivity and final product quality. The knowledge of spreading and evaporation time of spray droplets is fundamental to understand the interaction between fungicides and target surface for proper distribution of this fungicide. This study was installed to determine the wetting area and droplet evaporation of sprays containing the fungicide Cabrio Top, with or without adjuvant Nimbus®, deposited on leaves and artificial surfaces (glass slide). A system was used which analyzes images composed of a droplet generator, a stereoscope camera for capturing images and a climatic chamber for controlling temperature and relative air humidity. Droplets of 600 µm in diameter containing spray solution were deposited on leaf surfaces and on glass slide and sequential images were used to quantify the wetting area and the evaporation time. The spray solution and the target surface are determinant for wetness and droplet evaporation after deposition. Evaporation time and surface tension were inversely proportional to the wetting areas. Addition of adjuvant Nimbus® (0.5%, v/v) reduced the surface tension and provided an increase in the wetting surface area, except on tomato leaves which had shown low wetting capacity in both fungicide solutions applied.

scholarly journals Challenge of Utilization Vegetal Extracts as Natural Plant Protection Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8913
Author(s):  
Daniela Suteu ◽  
Lacramioara Rusu ◽  
Carmen Zaharia ◽  
Marinela Badeanu ◽  
Gabriel Mihaita Daraban
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Physical Chemical

Natural plant protection products (known as biopesticides), derived from natural materials (plants, bacterial strains, and certain minerals) that can be used to control pests, are an alternative to plant protection chemicals (known as pesticides) due to certain advantages: less toxic to humans and the environment, no release/leaching of harmful residues, and usually much specific to the target pests. This review focuses on the systematization of information highlighting the main advantages related to the natural plant protection products used, the extractive methods of obtaining them, their physical-chemical analysis methodology, the specific constituents responsible for their pesticide effects, the mechanisms of action, and methods for direct application on vegetable crops or on seeds stored in warehouses, in order to eliminate the adverse effects occurred in the case of plant protection chemicals use. Special attention has been accorded to natural plant protection products from the spontaneous flora of Moldova (Romania’s macroeconomic region NE), which can be considered a resource of valuable secondary metabolites, especially in the form of vegetable essential oils, with biological effects and biopesticide routes of action. All presented information concludes that biopesticides can successfully replace the chemical plant protection products on small farms and especially in silos (seeds and cereals).

Weed control in minor crops in Spain after adoption of European regulation 1107/2009/EC and directive 2009/128/EC

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Santín-Montanyá ◽  
AP Fernández-Getino ◽  
JL Alonso-Prados
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Regulation

Vegetable crops have become a source of great economic importance to many countries, particularly Spain. Crops should be protected from weeds in their early stages of development to prevent yield loss. It must be noted that there are limited registered herbicides for minor regional horticultural crops that generate little commercial interest. In this article, we discuss the implementation of European Regulation (Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticides 2009/128/EC) in National Action Plans regarding horticultural minor use crops and the use of plant protection products with reference to evidence from Spain. The Spanish National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products was implemented in 2012 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Studies of the critical period of competition for weed control are a key component to help in developing a clear scheme that can be used for the design of effective integrated weed management programs. We highlight the urgent need for research and investigation into these areas and specifically ‘minor use’ crops due to the significant reduction of active substances approved in the European Union.

LEGAL REGULATION OF PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES APPLICATION IN VEGETATION IN UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF EU REQUIREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Karpinska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Environmental Goals

The article is devoted to the characterization of phytosanitary legislation of Ukraine through the prism of EU requirements. It is indicated that in Ukraine there is a fairly extensive phytosanitary legislation, based on the Law of Ukraine «On Plant Protection» which contains a legal definition of the basic concept. Based on the analysis of this law, the main features of the legal category «plant protection» are identified and characterized as: systemic, preventive economic and environmental goals, a broad object structure of plant protection relations and protection against biological threats (pests (insects, mites, microorganisms, nematodes) , rodents), pathogens (phytopathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi), weeds (unwanted vegetation in lands, crops, plantations of crops, which competes with them for light, water, nutrients, and contributes to the spread of pests and diseases )). Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the basic requirements for plant protection, which are divided into three groups, namely: technological requirements, environmental and legal requirements. It is established that in contrast to the limited and debatable list of rights of agricultural entities in the field of plant protection, the responsibilities of such entities are quite detailed and presented in the article in three groups: responsibilities for independent action; responsibilities for promoting the actions of others; responsibilities for the handling of plant protection products. It was found that the legislator in formulating the general responsibilities of agricultural entities (in the opinion of the author of the article), missed an important obligation to apply integrated plant protection, and this aspect is quite fundamental. Based on the analysis of EU legislation, the idea that the implementation of the principles of integrated pest management should be mandatory, and the implementation of integrated pest management is the growth of healthy crops with minimal possible disturbances in agroecosystems and the promotion of natural pest control mechanisms. Methods of plant protection are considered and characterized. The conclusion is substantiated that the modern integrated system of measures is based on the complex application of agrotechnical, chemical and biological methods of plant protection, where the main criterion is the optimization of the chemical method of protection.

Foliar Interception and Retention Values after Pesticide Application. A Proposal for Standardized Values for Environmental Risk Assessment (Technical Report)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Linders ◽  
H. Mensink ◽  
G. Stephenson ◽  
D. Wauchope ◽  
K. Racke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The World

In performing risk assessments for plant protection products by applicants or regulators in relation to the registration of the products, an important aspect to take into account is the foliar interception and retention of the active substance of the product on the plant. An overview is given of the approaches to this item in several parts of the world. The relevant circumstances and influencing variables, such as growth phase, planting density, and some physicochemical characteristics (e.g., vapor pressure and Henry's coefficient) are dealt with. Finally, a proposal is presented for how to take into account the phenomenon of foliar interception and retention in the initial phase, first tier, of the risk assessment process.

scholarly journals Management of the pests in the conventional and biological systems for pea growing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Vinelina Yankova ◽  
◽  
Dima Markova ◽  
Slavka Kalapchieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume crop, the seeds of which are used for human food and fodder. The seeds are consumed in a mature or green state. The priorities of the peas as a crop are the following: it is a legume, which enriches the soil with nitrogen; peas are the best possible precursor - clears the areas early; non-particular to soil and growing conditions; high protein content crop. However, the growing process of this crop could be worse by various pests that lead to product quality decay or they could even destroy the pea production. Economically important pests in field cultivation of peas are: pea aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum Harris), pea weevil (Bruchus pisi L.) and pea moths (Laspeyresia nigricana Step. and Laspeyresia dorsana L.). Field experiments on pea variety Paldin were conducted at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv to determine the effectiveness of different plant protection products against a natural background of pest infestation. The biological activity of the insecticides Deca EC 50 ml/da (a. i. deltamethrin), Oasis 5 EC 25 ml/da (a. i. esfenvalerate), Piretro Natura 75 ml/da (a. i. pyrethrins), Neem Azal T/C 0.3% (a. i. azadirachtin), Naturalis 100 ml/da (a. i. Beauveria bassiana), Dipel 2 X 100 g/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain ABTS) and Rapax 100 ml/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, strain EG 2348) against the main pests of peas in conventional and biological production systems was established.

scholarly journals Impact of fungicide and insecticide use on non-target aquatic organisms in rice paddy fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Marília Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽  
Ricardo de David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

ABSTRACT: The intensive use of plant protection products in rice paddy fields ( Oryza sativa L.) has caused concern about the environmental impact on communities of non-target organisms that are natural inhabitants in these agroecosystems. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data currently available in the literature about some important fungicides and insecticides (such as trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam), which are currently used to control pests and diseases in rice paddy fields, as well as their effects on the community of non-target aquatic organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document