scholarly journals A County-Scale Spillover Ecological Value Compensation Standard of Ecological Barrier Area in China: Based on an Extended Emergy Analysis

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Jia He ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Junyin Tan ◽  
Chuanhao Wen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
The Status ◽  
Compensation Standard ◽  
Value Measurement

Ecological compensation (EC) is an important way to solve the imbalance of cross-regional economic development and realize regional coordinated development. How to quantify the standard of EC has become a hot research topic. Firstly, this paper selected the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) as the study area, and constructed a cross-regional spillover ecological value measurement model based on the extended emergy analysis. From the perspective of the “ecology–economy–society” complex ecosystem, this paper used emergy to reflect the social, economic, and ecological function and service value of the TGRR, and estimated the ecosystem emergy supply and consumption in the TGRR. Then, comparing the watershed ecosystem emergy supply and consumption, we can judge the status of the ecological surplus and deficit of the TGRR, and transfer the spillover ecological emergy to spillover ecological value (SEV) by using the emergy currency ratio (ECR). Finally, combined with different actual payment level coefficient, we can obtain a relatively objective and robust compensation standard. The results show that the SEV of the TGRR in 2016 is 2.70 × 1011 USD, which indicates that the TGRR is in the state of ecological surplus. The TGRR should get EC about 2.85 × 1011 USD according to the ECR. Based on the research results, it is suggested to expand the transfer payment to the TGRR. At the same time, it is suggested to formulate different ecological compensation standard (ECS) according to regional differences, which has important practical significance to establish the allocation standard of EC, and provides a typical case basis for other large reservoir areas or typical reservoir areas.

Concerning the abuse of power by an official

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Ihor Oheruk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the application of the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to officials in the context, that defines them by the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative. Results: in the course of research the cause of criminalization of such act as "abuse of power" is considered, the subject of the specified criminal act which has the features of "an official" in the context, that defines it by the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is analyzed and the main ways of committing criminal acts, that are provided for in this article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are identified. Originality. The study found, that one of the key conditions for the opportunity to influence officials, that are authorized to perform government or local self-government functions, is the position held by the official and the related opportunities. Therefore, taking into account the opinion of the scientists, that the subject of crimes, that are provided for by the second and third parts of Article 3692 is special, the peculiarities of which is the cumulative feature, that denotes, that such person is not endowed with the status of an official, well-founded need to specify the criminal legislation of Ukraine in terms of the application the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal code of Ukraine concerning officials in the context, that defines them by the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Practical significance. The research results can be used in lawmaking in the improvement of anti-corruption legislation.

THE NATURE OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Galyna Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Content System ◽  
Legal Restrictions

Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the general theoretical principles and the essential characteristics of legal restrictions in environmental law; defining category of “environmental legal restrictions”, their content, system and the status of the respective legislation. Methodology. The methodology consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of environmental legislation and formulating relevant conclusions on this basis. During the research, the following methods of scientific research were used: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal, structural and functional. Results. The objectively determined necessity of unconditional adherence to the legally established environmental requirements, prohibitions and restrictions as well as their potential scientifically substantiated enhancement in order to achieve environmentally significant goals oriented towards the priorities of sustainable development is substantiated. Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across statutory and regulatory acts of different legal force and even different branches of law, therefore, the need for their systematization and unification as well as generalization of the experience of their practical implementation in order to establish a comprehensive system of environmental restrictions is discussed. In our opinion, the conceptual basis and general essential characteristics of public environmental requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the author defines restrictions in environmental law as a specific sectoral imperative mechanism for regulating relations in the field of environmental safety, which consists in systematically introducing legislation on imperative provisions of environmental law as well as establishing specific legal regimes and mechanisms for their application and implementation. Practical significance. The main conclusions can be used in law-making and law-enforcing activities, as well as in further theoretical and legal research and in the educational process.

scholarly journals Emergy Analysis and Ecological Spillover as Tools to Quantify Ecological Compensation in Xuchang City, Qingyi River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Huiqin Li ◽  
Cuimei Lv ◽  
Minhua Ling ◽  
Changkuan Gu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Complex Relationships

As an effective means to coordinate cost–benefit allocation of ecological protection between upstream and downstream cities, ecological compensation is often used to improve collaborative basin-wide freshwater resources management. Yet, due to the complex relationships between upstream and downstream ecosystem services, calculating eco-compensation is not an easy task. We used ecological spillover (the amount of local ecosystem services not used in the region and thus flows to downstream areas) and emergy analysis to determine the amount of eco-compensation that the city of Xuchang should pay to the upstream city of Xinzheng (Qingyi River Basin, China) from 2010 to 2014. Eco-compensation was determined by deducting the emergy of the local, self-supplied ecosystem services of Xuchang City, calculated using an ecological-water-footprint-based analysis, from the emergy of the total ecosystem services used in Xuchang, and monetized accordingly. The results showed that the self-supplied ecosystem services decreased from 2010 to 2014 and, thus, Xuchang relied more on the ecological spillover services flowing from Xinzheng. As a result, eco-compensation increased from 990 million Chinese Yuan (¥) in 2010 to ¥509 billion in 2014, mostly due to increased demands for water purification and reduced precipitation around Xuchang. This method can be further enhanced by introducing larger datasets and can be replicated elsewhere to accurately determine ecological compensation, ensuring basin-wide collaboration towards the sustainable management of freshwater resources.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

Percezione del management e percezione del cliente: un confronto sui punti di forza dell'impresa

2009 ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Stefano Cabras ◽  
Cinzia Dessě ◽  
Michela Floris
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Analysis Measurement ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Additive Contribution ◽  
Formative Measurement Model ◽  
Value Measurement

Customer value is unanimously considered to be one of the most fundamental concepts in marketing theory. Nonetheless, customer value measurement has been at best sparse or minimal. The authors specify and test a formative measurement model of customer value which describes the additive contribution of four categories of benefits and three categories of sacrifices to customer value formation. The authors present results of measurement scale development process in three consumption contexts, and show that the proposed model, which they call perceived consumption experience value (PCEV), is reliable and valid, and is able to predict customer satisfaction and loyalty better than the Gale method.Keywords: customer value, benefits and sacrifices analysis, measurement Parole chiave: valore per il cliente, analisi benefici/sacrifici, misurazione

scholarly journals MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND VISUAL IMAGE OF THE CITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
A. M. Tormakhova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Asymmetric Structures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City

The aim of the article is to highlight the actual trends associated with architectural construction and identify ways of forming a visual image of a modern city. The solution to this goal involves not only the analysis of certain unique architectural structures, but also the outline of the existing visual practices in the city which correlate with the urban landscape. The research methodology is connected with the use of the method of synthe- sis, the use of tools of cultural analysis. The most extraordinary buildings are rarely residential buildings, much more often they are intended for public use. Their very essence is con- nected with publicity and attraction of a considerable quantity of visitors, tourists. These can be museums, libraries, concert halls, stadiums, shop- ping malls. In addition to these structures, extremely impressive structures are created in the field of transport – bridges, railway stations. The re- equipment of old objects and the creation of new ones becomes such that necessarily creates an occasion for communication, becoming a part of the media. In architecture there is a desire to circumvent the principle of statics that was inherent to it. Manifestations of this tendency in architecture were attempts to "revitalize" the building, giving them mobility through structures that visually convey the idea of fluidity (asymmetric structures, often deprived of straight angles with the prevalence of rounded parts). Creating the effect of architectural variability arises not only at the expense of innovative constructions, but also due to the equipment of the buildings by media facades, which perform as a purely aesthetic and advertising function, providing the opportunity to represent buildings in fundamentally different visual images. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting the specifics of architectural constructions claiming the status of "art" and visual practices that in- teract with them directly. The conclusion is made about the transformation of a modern city. The practical significance of the study is that features of the development of modern architectural constructions are presented and the factors influencing the formation of the visual image of the city are highlighted.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Management of Financial Transfer Payment

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01065
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiangen ◽  
Xing Shuxia ◽  
Qi meng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios ◽  
Great Development ◽  
Financial Transfer

Blockchain technology is considered to be a subversive innovation of computing mode after mainframe, personal computer and Internet. In the financial, medical, supply chain and other industries show great development potential. As an important part of financial management, financial transfer payment system is an important part of modern financial system. This paper combines blockchain technology with the management of financial transfer payment, analyzes the adaptation scenarios of blockchain technology, summarizes the status and development bottleneck of financial transfer payment informatization, tries to establish a financial transfer payment system based on blockchain technology, describes the advantages of blockchain technology in supporting the management of financial transfer payment, and puts forward suggestions on the possible problems.

scholarly journals Application research of the Chinese traditional ecological wisdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Ecological Wisdom

In the transition period of China's urbanization rate reached 60%, the excessive stage from the traditional industrial civilization to ecological civilization is the inevitable choice. In the transition period, we cannot only absorb the western development experiences of eco-city, but also should combine China's traditional ecological wisdom from the agricultural civilization during thousands of years. In this paper, the author analyses the concept and origin of traditional ecological wisdom, the related research status and development trend at home and abroad. Collect and select the technique or technology which is full of ecological value or representative, the ecological engineering which is time tested or benefited by ten thousand generations in certain region of China, establish a case base of the Chinese traditional ecological wisdom. On this basis, research the ecological concept, principles, strategies and methods of these cases. Construct a set of system principle to concise wisdom and draw the outline of urban soul. Finally, combining with China's environmental problems since the industrialization and the various problems encountered in the process of ecological city construction, to explore how to use the ecological wisdom spectrum guiding the sustainable studies, planning, design and management of the contemporary urban. Through the study of this article, it has the theory significance by constructing the principle of traditional ecological wisdom. It has the cultural meaning by inheritancing the traditional culture essence. It also has the practical significance by discovering the power source of the eco-city construction in the future.

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