scholarly journals The Effects of Serendipita indica and Guanidine-Modified Nanomaterial on Growth and Development of Cabbage Seedlings and Black Spot Infestation

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Sana Saleem ◽  
Zuzana Bytešníková ◽  
Lukáš Richtera ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Combined Application

To ensure sustainable agricultural production and protection of crops from various biotic and abiotic stresses, while keeping in view environmental protection, by minimal usage of chemicals, the exploitation of beneficial microorganisms and modern nanotechnologies in the field of agriculture is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Serendipita indica and guanidine-modified nanomaterial on the growth, and other selected parameters, of cabbage, as well as incidence of black spot disease. S. indica was applied in substrate and by seed inoculation. S. indica had a positive impact on the development of plants, and resulted in reduced black spot severity. The maximum plant height (119 mm) and number of leaves (8.3) were observed in S. indica-treated plants. Pigments were enhanced, i.e., chlorophyll a (0.79 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.22 mg/g), and carotenoid content (0.79 mg/g), by substrate treatment. The highest antioxidant capacity (9.5 mM/L), chlorophyll a and b (1.8 and 0.6 mg/g), and carotenoid content (1.8 mg/L) were reported in S. indica seed treatment. S. indica treatment resulted in 59% and 41% disease incidence decrease in substrate and seed treatment, respectively. Guanidine-modified nanomaterial was seen to be effective in improving plant growth and reducing disease incidence; however, it did not perform better than S. indica. Application of nanoparticles resulted in enhanced normalized difference vegetation index and fluorescence by increasing chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid content. Nitrogen content was the highest in plants treated with nanoparticles. However, the effect of the combined application of fungus and nanoparticles was similar to that of S. indica alone in substrate treatment, although negative impacts were reported in the biochemical parameters of cabbage. S. indica has great potential to enhance plant growth and manage Alternaria incidence in cabbage crops.

scholarly journals ВМІСТ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНИХ ПІГМЕНТІВ У ЛИСТКАХ ГРЕЧКИ ЗА ДІЇ БІОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
V. P. Karpenko ◽  
I. I. Mostoviak ◽  
A. A. Datsenko ◽  
R. M. Prytuliak ◽  
O. I. Zabolotnyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effects of different rates of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin under different methods of using the plant growth regulator Radostim (seed treatment before sowing and spraying crops) on the content of chlorophyll a and b in buckwheat leaves of Yelena variety, their sum and carotenoids. Determination of chlorophyll a and b, their sum and carotenoids was performed in selected samples of buckwheat leaves in the field conditions, in the phases of stem branching and the beginning of flowering according to the method described by V.F. Gavrylenko and T.V. Zhyhalova using a spectrophotometer. The pigment concentration was calculated from Holm-Wettstein's equations for 100 % acetone. It was found that the content of photosynthetic pigments in buckwheat leaves is conditioned by the weather, rates and methods of application of the studied microbial preparations and phases of plant development. In particular, the analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the early flowering phase of buckwheat plants showed a significant increase compared to the phase of stem branching, which may be due to increased physiological and biochemical processes in plants, against the background of improving mineral nutrition, growth and plant development. Thus, with the multiple use of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rates of 150, 175 and 200 ml and the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 250 ml / t for seed treatment before sowing, the content of chlorophylls a and b, their sum and carotenoids with increasing application of Diazobacterin increased and the excess relative to control ranged within: 29–31 % for chlorophyll a; 10–11 % for chlorophyll b; 24–26 % for their sum and 23–24 % for carotenoids. At the same time, with a complex application for pre-sowing seed treatment of a mixture of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rate of 200 ml per hectare of seeds with the stimulator of plant growth Radostym in the rate of 250 ml / t followed by spraying on this background crops the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 50 ml / ha buckwheat leaves form the highest content of chlorophyll a in comparison with the control (40 %); chlorophyll b (15 %); the sum of chlorophyll a + b (33 %) and carotenoids (29 %). These data indicate the creation of more favorable conditions for physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including photosynthesis, with the direct positive effect of which, functionally active pigment complex of the leaf apparatus of buckwheat is formed.

scholarly journals Impact of Moroccan Crocus sativus L. tepals, corms, and stigmas extract on growth and photosynthetic pigments in tomato seedling

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Khoulati ◽  
E. Saalaoui
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
By Products ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to study the effect of aqueous extracts of Crocus sativus L. by-products on tomato plants. Three concentrations of tepals and corms were used by fertigation: 1 g/L, 2 g/L, and 3 g/L. The aqueous extract of the stigmas was used as a foliar application at 0.6 g/L. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block with three repetitions for each concentration. The concentration of tepal extract at 3 g/L significantly (p≤0.05) increased the plants' height, the chlorophyll a, b content. The same results were observed for the foliar treatment with stigmas; however, there was no effect of tepal extract on the carotenoid content. On the other hand, the concentration 2 g/L of the corms extract had a positive impact (p≤0.05) in the chlorophyll b content while the concentration of 3 g/L increased the plant's height, the chlorophyll a (p≤0.05). Current results indicate that Crocus sativus by-products could improve certain physiological aspects of the recipient plants and new and natural biostimulants.

scholarly journals Spectral Response Analysis: An Indirect and Non-Destructive Methodology for the Chlorophyll Quantification of Biocrusts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Raúl Román ◽  
Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero ◽  
Borja Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
Beatriz Roncero-Ramos ◽  
Sonia Chamizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reflectance Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

Chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) is a well-proven proxy of biocrust development, photosynthetic organisms’ status, and recovery monitoring after environmental disturbances. However, laboratory methods for the analysis of chlorophyll require destructive sampling and are expensive and time consuming. Indirect estimation of chlorophyll a by means of soil surface reflectance analysis has been demonstrated to be an accurate, cheap, and quick alternative for chlorophyll retrieval information, especially in plants. However, its application to biocrusts has yet to be harnessed. In this study we evaluated the potential of soil surface reflectance measurements for non-destructive Chla quantification over a range of biocrust types and soils. Our results revealed that from the different spectral transformation methods and techniques, the first derivative of the reflectance and the continuum removal were the most accurate for Chla retrieval. Normalized difference values in the red-edge region and common broadband indexes (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were also sensitive to changes in Chla. However, such approaches should be carefully adapted to each specific biocrust type. On the other hand, the combination of spectral measurements with non-linear random forest (RF) models provided very good fits (R2 > 0.94) with a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of about 6.5 µg/g soil, and alleviated the need for a specific calibration for each crust type, opening a wide range of opportunities to advance our knowledge of biocrust responses to ongoing global change and degradation processes from anthropogenic disturbance.

scholarly journals Does Earlier and Increased Spring Plant Growth Lead to Reduced Summer Soil Moisture and Plant Growth on Landscapes Typical of Tundra-Taiga Interface?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Gonsamo ◽  
Michael T. Ter-Mikaelian ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Jiaxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern High Latitude

Over the past four decades, satellite observations have shown intensified global greening. At the same time, widespread browning and reversal of or stalled greening have been reported at high latitudes. One of the main reasons for this browning/lack of greening is thought to be warming-induced water stress, i.e., soil moisture depletion caused by earlier spring growth and increased summer evapotranspiration. To investigate these phenomena, we use MODIS collection 6, Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies third-generation (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g), and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) satellite-based root-zone soil moisture data. The study area was the Far North of Ontario (FNO), 453,788 km2 of heterogeneous landscape typical of the tundra-taiga interface, consisting of unmanaged boreal forests growing on mineral and peat soils, wetlands, and the most southerly area of tundra. The results indicate that the increased plant growth in spring leads to decreased summer growth. Lower summer soil moisture is related to increased spring plant growth in areas with lower soil moisture content. We also found that earlier start of growing season leads to decreased summer and peak season maximum plant growth. In conclusion, increased spring plant growth and earlier start of growing season deplete summer soil moisture and decrease the overall summer plant growth even in temperature-limited high latitude ecosystems. Our findings contribute to evolving understanding of changes in vegetation dynamics in relation to climate in northern high latitude terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamic Changes and Their Response to Ecological Engineering in the Sanjiangyuan Region of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4035
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zhai ◽  
Xiaolei Liang ◽  
Changzhen Yan ◽  
Xuegang Xing ◽  
Haowei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades, the vegetation of the Sanjiangyuan region has undergone a series of changes under the influence of climate change, and ecological restoration projects have been implemented. In this paper, we analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation in this region using the satellite-retrieved normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the global inventory modeling and mapping studies (GIMMS) and moderate resolution imaging and spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets during the past 34 years. Specifically, the characteristics of vegetation changes were analyzed according to the stage of implementation of different ecological engineering programs. The results are as follows. (1) The vegetation in 65.6% of the study area exhibited an upward trend, and in 53.0% of the area, it displayed a large increase, which was mainly distributed in the eastern part of the study area. (2) The vegetation NDVI increased to differing degrees during stages of ecological engineering. (3) The NDVI in the western part of the Sanjiangyuan region is mainly affected by temperature, while in the northeastern part, the NDVI is affected more by precipitation. In the southern part, however, vegetation growth is affected neither by temperature nor by precipitation. On the whole region, vegetation growing is more affected by temperature than by precipitation. (4) The impacts of human activities on vegetation change are both positive and negative. In recent years, ecological engineering projects have had a positive impact on vegetation growth. This study can help us to correctly understand the impact of climate change on vegetation growth, so as to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of regional ecological engineering effectiveness and the formulation of ecological protection policies.

scholarly journals Hybrid Approach of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Assessment of Chlorophyll-a Imagery Using Spectral Indices in Stream, South Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
Sook-Hyun Nam ◽  
Jae-Wuk Koo ◽  
Tae-Mun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The purpose of this study is to compare the spectral indices for a two-dimensional river algae map using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) hybrid system. The UAV and USV hybrid systems can overcome the limitation of not being able to effectively compare images of the same region obtained at different times and under different seasonal conditions, when using a method of comparing and analyzing with absolute values in remote sensing. Radiometric correction was performed to minimize the interference that could distort the analysis results of the UAV imagery, and the images were taken under weather conditions that would minimally affect them. Three spectral indices, namely, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized green–red difference index (NGRDI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE) were compared for the chlorophyll-a images. In field application and correlational analysis, the NDVI was strongly correlated with chlorophyll-a (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.001), and the GNDVI was moderately correlated with chlorophyll-a (R2 = 0.74, p < 0.001). As a result of comparing the chlorophyll-a concentration with the in-situ chlorophyll-a imagery by UAV, we obtained the RMSE of NDVI at 2.25, and the RMSE of GNDVI at 3.41.

scholarly journals Remote Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Chlorophyll-a Analysis in a Eutrophic Reservoir Using Sentinel-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8570
Author(s):  
Manuel Viso-Vázquez ◽  
Carolina Acuña-Alonso ◽  
Juan Luis Rodríguez ◽  
Xana Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have been one of the most challenging ecological problems faced by freshwater bodies for more than a century. The use of satellite images as a tool to analyze these blooms is an innovative technology that will facilitate water governance and help develop measures to guarantee water security. To assess the viability of Sentinel-2 for identifying cyanobacterial blooms and chlorophyl-a, different bands of the Sentinel-2 satellite were considered, and those most consistent with cyanobacteria analysis were analyzed. This analysis was supplemented by an assessment of different indices and their respective correlations with the field data. The indices assessed were the following: Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Differences Vegetation Index (NDVI), green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (gNDVI), Normalized Soil Moisture Index (NSMI), and Toming’s Index. The green band (B3) obtained the best correlating results for both chlorophyll (R2 = 0.678) and cyanobacteria (R2 = 0.931). The study by bands of cyanobacteria composition can be a powerful tool for assessing the physiology of strains. NDWI gave an R2 value of 0.849 for the downstream point with the concentration of cyanobacteria. Toming’s Index obtained a high R2 of 0.859 with chlorophyll-a and 0.721 for the concentration of cyanobacteria. Notable differences in correlation for the upstream and downstream points were obtained with the indices. These results show that Sentinel-2 will be a valuable tool for lake monitoring and research, especially considering that the data will be routinely available for many years and the images will be frequent and free.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China’s Environmental Pressures Based on Satellite NO2 Observation and the Extended STIRPAT Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzheng Cui ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Weishi Zhang ◽  
Haijun Bao ◽  
Bin Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
The Government ◽  
No2 Pollution

China’s rapid urbanization and industrialization have affected the spatiotemporal patterns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution, which has led to greater environmental pressures. In order to mitigate the environmental pressures caused by NO2 pollution, it is of vital importance to investigate the influencing factors. We first obtained data for NO2 pollution at the city level using satellite observation techniques and analyzed its spatial distribution. Next, we introduced a theoretical framework, an extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model, to quantify the relationship between NO2 pollution and its contributing natural and socio-economic factors. The results are as follows. Cities with high NO2 pollution are mainly concentrated in the North China Plain. On the contrary, southwestern cities are characterized by low NO2 pollution. In addition, we find that population, per capita gross domestic product, the share of the secondary industry, ambient air pressures, total nighttime light data, and urban road area have a positive impact on NO2 pollution. In contrast, increases in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed may reduce NO2 pollution. These empirical results should help the government to effectively and efficiently implement further emission reductions and energy saving policies in Chinese cities in a bid to mitigate the environmental pressures.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DINAMIKA KERENTANAN LINGKUNGAN BERDASARKAN KERAPATAN VEGETASI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI TABUNIO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Kadir ◽  
Ichsan Ridwan ◽  
Wahyuni Ilham ◽  
Nurlina Nurlina
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Density Analysis

A Watershed is an ecosystem whose first component consists of natural resources vegetation, land, water, and human resources. Tabunio watershed covering an area of 62,558.56 hectares consists of 10 sub-watersheds. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used in vegetation density analysis. Vulnerability of environmental damage is the condition of a region that has the potential for environmental damage due to human activities and or activities that have the potential to cause environmental impacts.The purpose of vegetation density analysis is carried out for the evaluation of environmental vulnerability dynamics in Tabunio watershed, i.e: 1). Knowing changes in land cover; 2. Knowing the classification of vegetation density; 3. Determine efforts to increase vegetation density. The benefits of this analysis are to obtain directives that can have a positive impact on the control of flood suppliers' vulnerability and environmental vulnerability by determining forest and land rehabilitation techniques.Based on the results of mapping and analysis obtained: 1) changes in land cover in 2005-2020 are dominant in forest land cover, open land, settlements, plantations, swamp farming, shrubs, and mining; 2) Vegetation density in the upstream sub-watershed is dominated by the classification of dense and very tight vegetation density; 3) The green revolution of the upstream watershed is dominated for ecological purposes with dense and very close vegetation, the central part of the watershed is dominated for ecological, economic and social with tight vegetation, downstream green revolution watershed dominated for economic and social interests with dense and sparse vegetation

scholarly journals Chitosan for suppression of fusarium wilt and plant growth promotion of brinjal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
S. Chaterjee ◽  
Rayhanur Jannat ◽  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
M. R. Amin ◽  
M. T. Rubayet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Seedling Mortality

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural compound that has a great potentiality in agriculture for controlling plant diseases. An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolate and effective dose of chitosan against the mycelial growth of the selected pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1 was found to be the most virulent on brinjal in pathogenicity test. Chitosan @ 1.0% concentration was appeared to be the highest inhibitory to the test pathogen at in vitro condition. Additionally, seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal. The field experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments. No treatment was given in T1, the pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in test pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal. On the contrary, pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt were highest in treatment T2 where the soil was inoculated with pathogen without chitosan. Therefore, chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.

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