scholarly journals Chitosan for suppression of fusarium wilt and plant growth promotion of brinjal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
S. Chaterjee ◽  
Rayhanur Jannat ◽  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
M. R. Amin ◽  
M. T. Rubayet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Seedling Mortality

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural compound that has a great potentiality in agriculture for controlling plant diseases. An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolate and effective dose of chitosan against the mycelial growth of the selected pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1 was found to be the most virulent on brinjal in pathogenicity test. Chitosan @ 1.0% concentration was appeared to be the highest inhibitory to the test pathogen at in vitro condition. Additionally, seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal. The field experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments. No treatment was given in T1, the pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in test pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal. On the contrary, pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt were highest in treatment T2 where the soil was inoculated with pathogen without chitosan. Therefore, chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.

scholarly journals Role of Chitosan in Disease Suppression, Growth and Yield of Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
R. Jannat ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
M. A. R. Khan ◽  
M. T. Rubayet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Mortality Incidence

An attempt was made for controlling of Rhizoctonia canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani and southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in pot and field experiments under inoculated condition and also to increase the growth promoting factors and yield of carrot through the application of chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolates of R. solani and S. rolfsii and effective dose of chitosan on mycelial growth inhibition of virulent isolates of test pathogens. In the pathogenicity test, R. solani isolate R-1 and S. rolfsii isolate S-1 were found to be the most virulent against carrot seedlings. In vitro application of 1.0% chitosan was found to inhibit 100% mycelial growth of both tested pathogens. The field experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design with four treatments, where no treatment was done in T1, pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as seed treatment or soil amendment significantly reduced post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of diseases and enhanced seedling growth and also yields of carrot. On the contrary, post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight of carrot were highest in treatment T2 where soil was inoculated with pathogens. Chitosan could be used as an alternative of fungicide to suppress Rhizoctonia canker and southern blight in sustainable agriculture and improvement the yield of carrot.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Trichoderma Fortified Organic Amendments on Fusarium Wilt Suppression, Growth and Yield of Eggplant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
V. Govardhan Rao ◽  
D. N. Dhutraj ◽  
K. D. Navgire ◽  
K. T. Apet
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Pot Culture

Trichoderma harzianum is commonly used as effective biological control agent against phytopathogens especially the soil-borne fungi while some isolates are able to ameliorate plant growth. In the present study, Trichoderma fortified with different organic amendments were evaluated to reduce the pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, diseases of stem and root of eggplant caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen. Two experiments were set up, one at pot culture and second in the field under natural epiphytotic conditions. Among the nine Trichoderm harzianum fortified amendments tested, neem seed cake recorded significant and superior effect as pre-sowing soil application against Fusarium wilt with respect to seed germination (92.33%), pre-emergence seed rot (7.66%) and post-emergence seedling mortality (15.33%) in pot culture. However, cotton cake recorded least efficacy in all respect. Similar trend observed in wilt incidence under field experiments during autumn 2018 (17.47%) and 2019 (18.60%) with T. harzianum fortified neem cake soil application against Fusarium wilt with mean inhibition of disease incidence (58.43%) and also observed excellent enhancement of mean yield (54.63%). It is observed that organic amendment at higher concentrations further increase the microbial populations and stimulate the microbial activity in soil against Fusarium oxysporum resulted to decrease the pathogen populations. Moreover, yield and yield related attributes increased remarkably due to fortified amendments providing adequate nutrient reservoir to the bioagents thereby enhancing its survival in a hostile environment.

Physiological attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) influenced by different sources of nutrients (NPK) in Madhupur tract region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 736-748
Author(s):  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
◽  
S. Yesmin ◽  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Sources

An experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm from April to June 2017 in Kharif season to evaluate the performance of two mungbean varieties under different NPK fertilizers doses in field conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising six treatments with three replications. In the experiment, varieties used were BARI mung-6 and BARI mung-5 and the combination of the treatment were T0 = (control), T1 (10-40-25 NPK kg ha-1), T2 (10-60-45 NPK kg ha-1), T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1), T4 (30-40-25 NPK kg ha-1) and T5 (30-40-45 NPK kg ha-1), respectively. Mungbean cultivars responded noticeably to the supplementary NPK fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizers. Data were recorded on plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed, and straw yield at different days after sowing. Of the two varieties, BARI mung-6 gave the highest seed yield (1.72 t ha-1) next to the higher plant growth and straw yield On the contrary, BARI mung-5 cultivar produced the lowest seed yield (1.57t ha-1), plant growth, and straw yield. The results showed that T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) treatment was the best treatment as regards plant growth and yield parameters. The highest seed yield was produced by treated plot T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) over the untreated control plot, T1, T2, T4, and T5, respectively. As for the combined effect, V1T3 (BARI mung-6 and T3 = 20kg N + 50kg P + 35kg K ha-1) performed the best results in all growth and development characters. Therefore, the combined application of 20-50-35 kg NPK ha-1 might be considered to be found optimal to get a considerable seed yield of mungbean variety BARI mung-6.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
A. T. FARIA ◽  
E. A. FERREIRA ◽  
P. R. R. ROCHA ◽  
D. V. SILVA ◽  
A. A. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

ABSTRACT Growth regulators can be used to further retard or inhibit vegetative growth. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and number of trinexapac-ethyl applications on the growth and yield of sugarcane. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were in a 3 x 2 + 2 factorial arrangement, where factor A corresponded to the application times of the plant growth regulator (120, 200 and 240 days after bud burst (DAB) of sugarcane) and factor B to the number of applications (one or two applications). In addition, two controls (one with three applications and another application without the regulator) were added. The application of trinexapac-ethyl decreased the number and the distance between buds, height, root volume and sugarcane yield. The sequential application (2 or 3 times) induced an increase in stem diameter and three applications of the product increased the number of plant tillers. The use of growth regulators applied at 240 DAB has reduced plant height, however without changing the number of buds. It can be concluded that trinexapac-ethyl changes sugarcane growth and yield, regardless of season and number of applications.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440
Author(s):  
N. M. Abood ◽  
E. M. SHALAL ◽  
M. I. HAMDAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three cultivars (Mabrouk, Buhooth 70 and Giza 113). The results showed in both seasons significant interaction between cultivars and growth inhibitors in most of the studied traits. The plants of the variety Giza 113 sprayed with Ethiphon recorded the lowest period of reaching physiological maturity, the highest average dry matter yield, and the highest weight of 1000 grains (89.00 days, 17.32 ton ha-1, and 39.33 gm) respectively. The same variety recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in the leaves and the highest grain yield due to the effect of Mebiquat (49.50 spad, 3.93 ton ha-1. The cultivar Buhooth 70 with the effect of Cycocel achieved the highest average of dry matter yield of 33.27 ton ha-1.

scholarly journals Response of growth and yield of two soybean varieties to seed pre-treatment applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
N Herawati ◽  
A R Aisah ◽  
I Mardian ◽  
B N Hidayah ◽  
B T R Erawati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Plant growth is influenced by seed quality. Seeds need to be treated to prevent pest and disease disorders or to increase seed germination. Soybean planting was carried out in this study by the treatment of varieties and seed pre-treatment application before planting. The study aimed to measure the growth and yield of soybeans by varieties and seed treatment before planting, carried out in the Village of Nggembe, District of Bolo, Bima Regency. The study used factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was soybean varieties consisting of two levels, namely Devon and Dena varieties, and the second factor was the application of pre-planting seed treatments consisting of four levels namely Cruiser, Marshall, Agrisoy, and without seed treatment, each treatment was repeated three times. Observations were made on the performance of agronomic crops and soybean yields. The results showed that the treatment of soybean varieties and the application of seed treatment had a significant influence on plant height and soybean productivity, and both treatments had interactions on parameters of plant height, number of filled pods, weight of 100 seeds, and soybean productivity with the best results successively produced by a combination of Devon-Control, Devon-Marshall, Devon-Agrisoy, and Dena-Cruiser.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment With Systemic Fungicides: Time for Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulla S. Ayesha ◽  
Trichur S. Suryanarayanan ◽  
Karaba N. Nataraja ◽  
Siddegowda Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Ramanan Uma Shaanker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Seed Endophytes

Pre-sowing seed treatment with systemic fungicides is a firmly entrenched practice for most agricultural crops worldwide. The treatment is intended to protect the crop against seed- and soil-borne diseases. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that fungicidal applications to manage diseases might inadvertently also affect non-target organisms, such as endophytes. Endophytes are ubiquitously present in plants and contribute to plant growth and development besides offering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In seeds, endophytes may play a role in seed development, seed germination, seedling establishment and crop performance. In this paper, we review the recent literature on non-target effects of fungicidal applications on endophytic fungal community and discuss the possible consequences of indiscriminate seed treatment with systemic fungicide on seed endophytes. It is now well recognized that endophytes are ubiquitously present in all parts of the plant, including the seeds. They may be transmitted vertically from seed to seed as in many grasses and/or acquired horizontally from the soil and the environment. Though the origins and evolution of these organisms in plants are a matter of conjecture, numerous studies have shown that they symbiotically aid in plant growth and development, in nutrient acquisition as well in protecting the plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Against this background, it is reasonable to assume that the use of systemic fungicides in seed treatment may not only affect the seed endophytes but also their attendant benefits to seedling growth and establishment. While there is evidence to indicate that fungicidal applications to manage plant diseases also affect foliar endophytes, there are only few studies that have documented the effect of seed treatment on seed-borne endophytes. Some of the convincing examples of the latter come from studies on the effect of fungicide application on rye grass seed endophyte AR37. More recently, experiments have shown that removal of seed endophytes by treatment with systemic fungicides leads to significant loss of seedling vigour and that such losses could be partially restored by enriching the seedlings with the lost endophytes. Put together, these studies reinforce the importance of seed endophytes to seedling growth and establishment and draw attention on how to trade the balance between the benefits of seed treatments and the direct and indirect costs incurred due to loss of endophytes. Among several approaches, use of reduced-risk fungicides and identifying fungicide-resistant endophytes are suggested to sustain the endophyte contribution to early seedling growth.

scholarly journals Effect of different application forms of efficient microorganisms on the agricultural productive of two bean cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 8927-8935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Calero Hurtado ◽  
Yanery Pérez Díaz ◽  
Dilier Olivera Viciedo ◽  
Elieni Quintero Rodríguez ◽  
Kolima Peña Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Soil Inoculation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Common ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The use of Efficient Microorganisms (EM) can be an effective alternative to improve plant growth and yield in the bean cultivation. Therefore, different forms of application of efficient microorganisms were evaluated in the production of two cultivars of the common bean from November of 2013 to March of 2014. Two factors were studied; the first one was comprised of the two cultivars, Velazco Largo (VL) and Cuba Cueto (CC-25-9-N). The second factor consisted of four treatments with EM; without EM (control), soil inoculation (100 mL L-1), foliage applications (100 mL L-1), and the combined soil inoculation (100 mL L-1) plus foliar applications (100 mL L-1). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in factorial outline 2×4, with three repetitions. The agronomic indicators were evaluated as the number of leaves per plant, the height of plants, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, the mass of 100 seeds (g) and the yield (t ha-1). The results showed that the different forms of application of efficient microorganisms stimulated the agronomic indicators evaluated in both crops. The associated applications between the inoculation of the soil and foliage applications of efficient microorganisms provided better results, producing increments in the yield of 1.13 t ha-1 in VL and 2.15 t ha-1 in CC-25-9-N.

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