scholarly journals Travel Reduction Control of Distributed Drive Electric Agricultural Vehicles Based on Multi-Information Fusion

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Chenyang Sun ◽  
Pengfei Sun ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Jiawen Mao
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
The Impact

In agricultural vehicles with internal combustion engines, owing to the use of rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, it is difficult to obtain information regarding the slip of the driving wheels. Excessive wheel slip, an inevitable phenomenon occurring during agricultural activities, can easily damage the original soil surface and result in excessive energy consumption. To solve these problems, a distributed drive agricultural vehicle (DDAV) based on multi-information fusion was proposed. The actual travel reduction of each wheel was calculated by determining the vehicle parameters in order to deliver the required torque to the four drive wheels via sliding mode control (SMC) and incremental proportional-integral (PI) control. Through this process, the vehicle always operates in a straight line. Test results show that, on a uniform surface, the travel reduction of each wheel can be maintained at the target value by using the incremental PI control strategy, with only minor fluctuations, to make the vehicle run in a straight line (R2 = 0.9999). Furthermore, on a separated surface, the travel reduction of each wheel can be maintained at the target value, and using the SMC strategy enables more identical coefficient of gross tractions for each wheel to make the vehicle run in a straight line (R2 = 0.9902). Unlike the non-control strategy, the vehicle reaches a stable state within 1 s, owing to the use of a controller that can effectively reduce the impact of road changes on vehicle velocity. This study can provide a reference for the drive control of DDAVs.

scholarly journals Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum ◽  
Dziedzom K. de Souza ◽  
Odame Asiedu ◽  
Benjamin Marfo ◽  
Uche Veronica Amazigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Mobile Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

Abstract Background The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. Methods In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. Results This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met.

scholarly journals Quadrature Voltage Compensation in the Isolated Multi-Modular Converter

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Cristian Verdugo ◽  
Jose Ignacio Candela ◽  
Pedro Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Multilevel Converters ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Circulating Current ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modular Converter ◽  
The Impact

Series connections of modules in cascaded multilevel converters are prone to power imbalances due to voltage differences on their DC side. When modules are connected to direct current (DC) sources, such as photovoltaic panels, the capability of withstanding power imbalances is crucial for generating the maximum power. In order to provide a possible solution for this requirement, this paper proposes a control strategy called Quadrature Voltage Compensation, which allows a wide range of power imbalances. The proposed control strategy regulates the power by introducing a circulating current between the arms and a phase angle in the output voltage. The impact of the circulating current and its effect on the phase voltage are studied. To highlight the features of the proposed strategy, an analytical model based on vector superposition is also described, demonstrating the strong capability of tolerating power differences. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the Quadrature Voltage Compensation, simulation and experimental results are presented for a three-phase isolated multi-modular converter.

scholarly journals A Decision-Making Model on the Impact of Vehicle Use on Urban Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3585
Author(s):  
Dariusz Masłowski ◽  
Małgorzata Dendera-Gruszka ◽  
Ewa Kulińska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Impact

In the current era of urban development, people are already using electric vehicles more and more often for transport purposes, which reduces negative impacts on the environment. However, there are still vehicles in towns and cities that run on ordinary internal combustion engines. Performing optimization measures on the operation of these vehicles improves their performance, which can result in positive sustainable development effects. This article presents measures to reduce the wear and tear of urban vehicles and outlines a decision model to determine which of the vehicle parts described suffer the most frequent wear and tear under urban conditions. The article presents a list of structural elements that are most affected by urban traffic, as well as corrective actions to improve such specialized vehicles. Based on the decision analysis, Rule 1 was eliminated as having the least significant impact on vehicle wear and tear, and the least significant impact on urban safety. On the other hand, the most worn-out elements were found to be gearboxes, clutches, bus levelling electronics, and brake pads and discs. The decision-making model made it possible to identify the factors which have the greatest impact on reducing safety in urban spaces.

EGR cylinder deactivation strategy to accelerate the warm-up and restart processes in a Diesel engine operating at cold conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110395
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Vicente Dolz ◽  
Javier Monsalve-Serrano ◽  
Miguel Angel Bernal Maldonado ◽  
Laurent Odillard
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
The Impact

The aftertreatment systems used in internal combustion engines need high temperatures for reaching its maximum efficiency. By this reason, during the engine cold start period or engine restart operation, excessive pollutant emissions levels are emitted to the atmosphere. This paper evaluates the impact of using a new cylinder deactivation strategy on a Euro 6 turbocharged diesel engine running under cold conditions (−7°C) with the aim of improving the engine warm-up process. This strategy is evaluated in two parts. First, an experimental study is performed at 20°C to analyze the effect of the cylinder deactivation strategy at steady-state and during an engine cold start at 1500 rpm and constant load. In particular, the pumping losses, pollutant emissions levels and engine thermal efficiency are analyzed. In the second part, the engine behavior is analyzed at steady-state and transient conditions under very low ambient temperatures (−7°C). In these conditions, the results show an increase of the exhaust temperatures of around 100°C, which allows to reduce the diesel oxidation catalyst light-off by 250 s besides of reducing the engine warm-up process in approximately 120 s. This allows to reduce the CO and HC emissions by 70% and 50%, respectively, at the end of the test.

Analysis and Control of Torque Split in Hybrid Electric Vehicles by Incorporating Powertrain Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Bidarvatan ◽  
Mahdi Shahbakhti
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) energy management strategies usually ignore the effects from dynamics of internal combustion engines (ICEs). They usually rely on steady-state maps to determine the required ICE torque and energy conversion efficiency. It is important to investigate how ignoring these dynamics influences energy consumption in HEVs. This shortcoming is addressed in this paper by studying effects of engine and clutch dynamics on a parallel HEV control strategy for torque split. To this end, a detailed HEV model including clutch and ICE dynamic models is utilized in this study. Transient and steady-state experiments are used to verify the fidelity of the dynamic ICE model. The HEV model is used as a testbed to implement the torque split control strategy. Based on the simulation results, the ICE and clutch dynamics in the HEV can degrade the control strategy performance during the vehicle transient periods of operation by around 8% in urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) drive cycle. Conventional torque split control strategies in HEVs often overlook this fuel penalty. A new model predictive torque split control strategy is designed that incorporates effects of the studied powertrain dynamics. Results show that the new energy management control strategy can improve the HEV total energy consumption by more than 4% for UDDS drive cycle.

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

scholarly journals Comparative study on combustion characteristics of lean premixed CH4/air mixtures in RCM using spark ignition and turbulent jet ignition in terms of orifices angular position change

2019 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech BUESCHKE ◽  
Maciej SKOWRON ◽  
Krzysztof WISŁOCKI ◽  
Filip SZWAJCA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Charge Movement ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
The Impact

The increase in ignitability consist a main aim of implementation of the turbulent jet ignition (TJI) in relation to the combustion of diluted charges. Such an ignition system has been introduced to the lean-burn CNG engine in the scope of GasOn-Project (Gas Only Internal Combustion Engines). In this study the impact of TJI application on the main combustion indexes has been investigated using RCM and analyzed on the bases of the indicating and optical observations data. The images have been recorded using LaVision HSS5 camera and post-processed with Davis software. Second part of the study based on indicating measurements consist the analysis of combustion regarding the variation in the geometry of pre-chamber nozzles. It has been noted, that combustion with TJI indicates signi- ficantly bigger flame luminescence and simultaneously – faster flame front development, than the combustion initiated with conventional SI. The positive impact of nozzles angular position on engine operational data has been found in the static charge movement conditions, regarding the combustion stability.

Model Based Design and Optimization for Large Bore Engines: Some Industrial Case Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Srinivasan ◽  
Sanketh Bhat ◽  
Manthram Sivasubramaniam ◽  
Ravi Methekar ◽  
Maruthi Devarakonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Engine Design

Large bore reciprocating internal combustion engines are used in a wide variety of applications such as power generation, transportation, gas compression, mechanical drives, and mining. Each application has its own unique requirements that influence the engine design & control strategy. The system architecture & control strategy play a key role in meeting the requirements. Traditionally, control design has come in at a later stage of the development process, when the system design is almost frozen. Furthermore, transient performance requirements have not always been considered adequately at early design stages for large engines, thus limiting achievable controller performance. With rapid advances in engine modeling capability, it has now become possible to accurately simulate engine behavior in steady-states and transients. In this paper, we propose an integrated model-based approach to system design & control of reciprocating engines and outline ideas, processes and real-world case studies for the same. Key benefits of this approach include optimized engine performance in terms of efficiency, transient response, emissions, system and cost optimization, tools to evaluate various concepts before engine build thus leading to significant reduction in development time & cost.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document