scholarly journals Effects of Planting Date for Soybean Growth, Development, and Yield in the Southern USA

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Nick R. Bateman ◽  
Angus L. Catchot ◽  
Jeff Gore ◽  
Don R. Cook ◽  
Fred R. Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact

As fluctuating commodity prices change the agriculture landscape on a yearly basis, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has become the predominant crop in the southern USA, accounting for 65 percent of the total row crop production in the state. To accommodate increased soybean production, planting dates have expanded, spanning from late March through July. To determine the impact of this expanded planting window on soybean development and yield, field experiments were conducted at Starkville and Stoneville, MS, in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included seven planting dates ranging from 25 March to 15 July and two soybean cultivars (one Maturity Group IV and one Maturity Group V cultivar). These studies were conducted in irrigated high––yielding environments. Experimental units were sampled weekly for insect pests and insecticides were applied when populations exceeded the levels at which applications were recommended. Planting date had a significant impact on crop development, plant height, canopy closure, and yield. As planting date was delayed, the time required for crop development decreased from 122 total days for plantings on 25 March to 83 days for plantings on 15 July. For plantings after 2 June, plant height decreased by 1.1 cm per day. Canopy closure decreased by 1.01% per day after 27 May. Soybean yield decreased 26.7 kg/ha per day when soybean was planted after 20 April. This research demonstrates the importance of early planting dates for soybean producers in the southern US to ensure profitability by maximizing yield potential.

Impact of Planting Date on Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and Grain Sorghum Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2731-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Seiter ◽  
Anne D Miskelley ◽  
Gus M Lorenz ◽  
Neelendra K Joshi ◽  
Glenn E Studebaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has become a major pest of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the United States in recent years. Feeding by large densities of sugarcane aphids causes severe damage, which can lead to a total loss of yield in extreme cases. Our objective was to determine the effect of grain sorghum planting date on sugarcane aphid population dynamics and their potential to reduce yields. We conducted field experiments from 2015 to 2017 in which an aphid-susceptible grain sorghum hybrid was planted at four different dates, which encompassed the typical range of planting dates used in Arkansas production systems. Plots were either protected from sugarcane aphid feeding using foliar insecticide sprays, or left untreated to allow natural populations of sugarcane aphids to colonize and reproduce freely. Planting date impacted both the magnitude and severity of sugarcane aphid infestations, with the highest population densities (and subsequent reductions in sorghum yield) generally occurring on plots that were planted in May or June. Sugarcane aphid feeding reduced yields in the untreated plots in two of the four planting date categories we tested. Earlier planting generally resulted in less sugarcane aphid damage and improved yields compared with later planting dates. While the effect of planting date on sugarcane aphid populations is likely to vary by region, sorghum producers should consider grain sorghum planting date as a potential cultural tactic to reduce the impact of sugarcane aphid.

scholarly journals Revisiting Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Development and Yield Loss

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2152-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Marburger ◽  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
Shawn P. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Impact

The impact of today’s optimal planting dates on sudden death syndrome (SDS) (caused by Fusarium virguliforme) development and soybean yield loss are not yet well understood. Field trials established in Hancock, Wisconsin during 2013 and 2014 investigated interactions between planting date and cultivar on SDS development and soybean yield. In 2013, disease index (DX) levels differed among cultivars, but results showed no difference between the 6 May and 24 May planting dates. Significantly lower DX levels were observed for the 17 June date. Greatest yields were found in the 6 May planting date, and yield losses were 720 (17%), 770 (20%), and 400 kg ha−1 (12%) for the 6 May, 24 May, 17 and June planting dates, respectively. In 2014, cultivars again differed for DX, but results showed highest DX levels in the 5 May planting date, with little disease observed in the 22 May and 11 June dates. Yield losses were 400 (12%) and 270 kg ha−1 (9%) for the 5 May and 22 May dates, respectively, but no difference was found in the 11 June date. Despite the most symptom development, these results suggest early May planting coupled with appropriate cultivar selection provides maximum yield potential and profitability in Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Determining optimum planting dates for pearl millet for two contrasting environments using a modelling approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. T. SOLER ◽  
N. MAMAN ◽  
X. ZHANG ◽  
S. C. MASON ◽  
G. HOOGENBOOM
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] is an important cereal crop in Niger, West Africa and a potential crop for the United States of America (USA). Only a few studies have been conducted in either country to identify the optimum planting dates for high and stable yields, in part because planting date experiments are resource-intensive. Crop simulation models can be an alternative research tool for determining optimum planting dates and other management practices. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the performance of the Cropping System Simulation Model (CSM)–CERES-Millet model for two contrasting environments, including Mead, Nebraska, USA and Kollo, Niger, West Africa and to use the model for determining the optimum planting dates for these two environments. Field experiments were conducted in both environments to study the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield of three varieties in Kollo and three hybrids in Mead and their associated growth and development characteristics. The CSM–CERES-Millet model was able to accurately simulate growth, development and yield for millet grown in these two contrasting environments and under different management practices that included several genotypes and different nitrogen fertilizer application rates. For Kollo, the optimum planting date to obtain the maximum yield was between 13 and 23 May for variety Heini Kirei, while for the other varieties the planting dates were between 23 May and 2 June. For Mead, the planting date analysis showed that the highest simulated yield was obtained, on average, between 19 and 29 June for hybrid 59022A×89-083 and 1361M×6Rm. Further studies should focus on evaluation and application of the millet model for other agroclimatic regions where pearl millet is an important crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Date on the Performance of High Yield Potential Varieties of Rice in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Amin ◽  
Shamima Nasrin ◽  
A. K. M. Golam Mabud ◽  
Md. Nasir Hossain Sani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of planting dates on the performance of high yield potential varies of rice in Boro season. The experiment consisted of five dates of transplanting viz. 10 and 25 December 2015, 10 and 25 January and 10 February 2016: four high yield potential varieties viz. hybrid rice Sonar Bangla-1, Jagoran, BRRI Dhan-29 and BINA Dhan-6. Results indicated that there was a significant effect of date of transplanting on yield of potential varieties of rice in Boro season. It was observed that plant height, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield, number of tillers per hill-1 gradually increased up to 10 January. After 10 January transplanting yield reduced. The highest grain yield 6.41 t ha-1 was observed in hybrid rice Sonar Bangla-1. The result revealed that Sonar Bangla-1 emerged as the best variety in Boro season regarding grain and straw yields among the varieties studied and it should preferably be transplanted between 25 December to 10 January to obtain appreciable better yield.

scholarly journals Effect of planting dates on the yield of broccoli genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
MA Hafiz ◽  
A Biswas ◽  
M Zakaria ◽  
J Hassan ◽  
NA Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Average Plant Height

This experiment was conducted during September, 2011 to March, 2012 in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to find out the effect of planting date on the yield of broccoli genotypes. There were five genotypes viz. Early green, Forest green, Green calabrese, Premium crop and Green king and four planting dates viz. 2 October, 27 October, 21 November and 16 December. The treatment effects were statistically analyzed and found significant in most of the characters studied. Genotype Green calabrese was the highest in average plant height (53.70 cm). Green king produced the maximum spread diameter (69.23 cm), stem diameter (30.35 mm) and early initiation of floral head. Genotype Early green performed the best regarding head weight (343.87 g), yield per plant (477.4 g) and yield (19.10 t/ha). Broccoli planted on 21 November initiated early flower head, maximum head diameter (16.99 cm), head weight (314.49 g), yield per plant (453.64 g) and total yield (18.15 t/ha). The genotype Early green planted on 21 November showed the best performance in yield per plant (580.17 g) and yield hectare (23.21 t/ha).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 465-478, September 2015

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) emergence under strip tillage with cover crop residue

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Haramoto ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this research were to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in the impact of strip tillage and oat cover crop residue on Powell amaranth emergence and to determine the role of rainfall in mediating these effects. In field experiments conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012, Powell amaranth seeds were sown in a fully factorial combination of two tillage types (strip tillage [ST] vs. full-width tillage [FWT]) and cover crop residue (oats vs. none) at either 0 d after tillage (DAT) or 7 to 13 DAT to monitor emergence at two timings. In ST plots, seeds were sown both in the tilled zone (“in-row,” IR), and between these tilled zones (“between-row,” BR). In 2011 and 2012, three levels of rainfall were simulated in subplots by either excluding rainfall, allowing natural rainfall, or supplementing rainfall with irrigation. In most cases, ST and oats residue either had no effect on or suppressed emergence of Powell amaranth sown at the early planting date. In contrast, the emergence response to ST and residue at the later planting date was generally smaller and more variable, with increases in emergence observed in several cases. Differences between tillage systems in emergence were most pronounced in the BR zone but also occurred IR in some cases, suggesting that interzonal effects on biotic or abiotic factors influenced emergence. Oat residue effects—but rarely tillage effects—were often mediated by simulated rainfall, with increases in emergence occurring mostly in dry conditions and decreases occurring more commonly in wetter conditions. These results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of cover crops and ST on weed emergence are inconsistent, temporally and spatially variable, and dependent on complex interactions with factors including rainfall.

Rice Response to Clomazone as Influenced by Application Rate, Soil Type, and Planting Date

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. O'Barr ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Clomazone is an effective herbicide widely used for PRE grass control in rice. However, use of clomazone on sandy textured soils of the western Texas rice belt can cause serious rice injury. Two field experiments at three locations were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the optimum rate range that maximizes barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and minimizes rice injury across a wide variety of soil textures and planting dates. At Beaumont (silty clay loam), Eagle Lake (fine sandy loam), and Ganado (fine sandy loam), TX, PRE application of 0.34 kg ai/ha clomazone applied to rice planted in March, April, or May optimized barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and rice yield while minimizing rice injury. Data suggest that, although injury might occur, clomazone is safe to use in rice on sandy textured soils.

scholarly journals Black Polyethylene Mulch Doubled Yield of Fresh-market Field Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Abdul-Baki ◽  
C. Spence ◽  
R. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Field experiments were conducted to a) maximize total yield of fresh-market field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars using black polyethylene mulch (BPM), and b) increase fruit size and yield during the last 5 weeks of the production period by reducing the number of synthate sinks per plant through eliminating all flowers that appeared during this period. Unmulched treatments under trickle irrigation and multiple applications of soluble fertilizer yielded an average of 43 t·ha-1 for `Sunny' and `Pik-Rite' over the two planting dates. With BPM, total yield increased by 95% to 84 t·ha-1. Although total yield increases due to BPM over the control were highly significant in both cultivars and over the two planting dates, yield increases were higher for the early than for the optimum planting date. BPM also significantly increased early production of `Pik-Rite' but not `Sunny', and the increase in early production was more pronounced for the optimum than the early planting date. Sink reduction during the last 5 weeks of the growing season had no effect on yield or fruit weight during that period.

scholarly journals Planting Date and Biculture Affect Sunn Hemp Productivity in the Midwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
James K. Stute ◽  
D. Esther Shekinah
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is recommended as a warm season cover crop in the Midwest due to its ability to produce high levels of biomass and fix atmospheric nitrogen. It can also be grown in biculture with other cover crops to enhance overall ecosystem services. Two field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2014 – 2017) in Wisconsin on a forest derived Fox silt loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) under organic certification to determine the effect of planting date on sunn hemp dry matter yield, N and C addition and to determine the effect of species ratio in a biculture with sorghum-sudan [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on the same output variables as well as seed cost and the related per unit cost of production. Planting dates significantly affected all biomass yield variables, which declined linearly from the initial date and appear related to growing degree accumulation. Regression analysis revealed a biomass yield decline of 1.3% per day (8.9% week-1) in relative yield, and 0.90 Mg day-1 (0.61 Mg week-1) in actual yield. In biculture, sunn hemp grown in a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan maximized N addition through nitrogen fixation and added N from dry matter, without a significant difference in the dry matter recorded. Analysis of seed cost data revealed that as the ratio of sunn hemp in the planting mixture decreased, the cost per hectare decreased. The cost of production per unit of DM, N, C and CO2 equivalent at this planting ratio were 7.08 $ Mg-1, 0.57 $ kg-1, 17.51 $ t-1 and 4.78 $ t-1 respectively. In pure culture, early planting dates (June 15th to July 15th) are recommended for sunn hemp, and in biculture, a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan could serve Midwestern producers well by reducing per unit cost of biomass production.

scholarly journals Yield and some agronomic parameters of upland cotton as affected by planting dates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed Lashari ◽  
Salma Naimatullah ◽  
Hamza Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Boll Weight

A field experiment was conducted at ICI Research Farm, Multan to evaluate the effect of different sowing dates on plant height, number of monopodia, number of sympodia, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield kg/ha of two upland cotton varieties (ICI-2121 and ICI-2424) developed by ICI Pakistan Limited, Multan against a standard check variety IUB-2013 during 2019, and 2020 years.  These varieties were planted on 1st April, 15th April, 1st May, 15th May, 1st June, and 15th June, at ICI Cotton Research Station, 19-Kasi Vehari Road, Multan.  Results revealed that statistically highly significant differences in planting dates were observed for all the parameters studied except number of monopodial branches and boll weight which depicted non-significant differences. Regarding varieties and interaction between varieties and planting times, similar trend of statistical differences was observed. As regards to planting dates, generally, all the parameters under study showed their maximum performance when crop was planted on 1st May followed by 1st April planting date, whereas, minimum performance of the parameters was recorded when the crop was planted on 15th June followed by 1st June. Regarding varietal performance, on an average, maximum plant height (146cm) was observed in ICI-2121 followed by IUB-2013. Same trend of performance of varieties regarding number of monopodia and sympodia per plant was observed.  Regarding average number of bolls per plant in different varieties, it was observed that ICI-2121 produced maximum (32 bolls) followed by ICI-2424 (31 bolls) and IUB-2013 (28 bolls) irrespective of planting dates. The same trend of varietal performance regarding boll weight was recorded. When seed cotton yield (kg/ha) was evaluated, on an average of varieties, ICI-2121 produced maximum seed cotton yield (1228 kg/ha) followed by ICI-2424 and IUB-2013 which produced 1147 and 1046 kg/ha seed cotton yield respectively irrespective of planting dates. It was concluded that under agro-climatic conditions of Multan, 1st May planting date was evaluated as optimum cotton sowing time. Before or after 1st May, this study does not recommend growing cotton in this particular zone.  Among cotton varieties, ICI-2121 is recommended for sowing under this planting time being producing higher yields.

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