scholarly journals Morphological, Sensorial and Chemical Characterization of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp.) from the CATIE Genebank

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Nelly Judith Paredes Andrade ◽  
Alvaro Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
Cesar Guillermo Tapia Bastidas ◽  
Marten Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Participatory Selection ◽  
Genus Capsicum ◽  
Large Groups

In order to assess the potential of 192 accessions of Capsicum L., from 21 countries, a morphological and agronomic characterization was carried out by applying 57 qualitative and quantitative descriptors. Multivariate analyses identified two large groups: the first including C. annuum (G3, G5, G7 and G8) and the second C. frutescens, C. baccatum, C. chinense and C. pubescens (G1, G2, G4, G6 and G9). The discriminant qualitative descriptors were the colour of the corolla, the colour of the anthers and position of the flower. The quantitative discriminant characteristics were length, weight and width of the fruit. The participatory selection identified 15 materials by colour, aroma, texture, flavour, size and thickness of fruits. Chemical analyses determined the highest concentration of flavonoids in the accessions 10,757 (16.64 mg/g) and 15,661 (15.77 mg/g). Accessions 17,750 (11.68 mg/g) and 10,757 (11.41 mg/g) presented the highest polyphenol contents. The highest capsaicin concentration was recorded in accessions 16,209 (55.90 mg/g) and 10,757 (48.80 mg/g). The highest antioxidant value was recorded in accessions 17,750 (90.85 mg/g) and 15,661 (87.03 mg/g). All these characteristics are important with a view to increasing industrial use and genetic improvement processes. These results show the existence of significant genetic variability within the genus Capsicum.

Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Airport-related Ultrafine Particles using Liquid Chromatography – High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ungeheuer ◽  
Diana Rose ◽  
Dominik van Pinxteren ◽  
Florian Ditas ◽  
Stefan Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ionization Mode ◽  
Lubrication Oils

<p>We present the results from a chemical characterization study of ultrafine particles (UFP), collected nearby Frankfurt International Airport where particle size distribution measurements showed high number concentrations for particles with a diameter <50 nm. Aluminium filter samples were collected at an air quality monitoring station in a distance of 4 km to Frankfurt airport, using the 13-stage cascade impactor Nano-MOUDI (MSP Model-115). The chemical characterization of the ultrafine particles in the size range of 0.010-0.018 μm, 0.018-0.032 μm and 0.032-0.056 μm was accomplished by the development of an optimized filter extraction method. An UHPLC method for chromatographic separation of homologous series of hydrophobic and high molecular weight organic compounds, followed by heated electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass analysis using an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer was developed. Using a non-target screening, ~200 compounds were detected in the positive ionization mode after filtering, in order to ensure high quality of the obtained data. We determined the molecular formula of positively charged adducts ([M+H]<sup>+</sup>; [M+Na]<sup>+</sup>), and for each impaction stage we present molecular fingerprints (Molecular weight vs Retention time, Kroll-diagram, Van-Krevelen-diagram, Kendrick mass defect plot) in order to visualize the complex chemical composition. The negative ionization mode led only to the detection of a few compounds (<20) for which reason the particle characterization focuses on the positive ionization mode. We found that the majority of detected compounds belong to homologous series of two different kinds of organic esters, which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. In reference to five different jet engine lubrication oils of various manufacturers, we identified the corresponding lubricant base stocks and their additives in the ultrafine particles by the use of matching retention time, exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern of single organic molecules. As the relevance of the chemical composition of UFP regarding human health is depending on the mass contribution of each compound we strived for quantification of the jet engine oil compounds. This was achieved by standard addition of purchased original standards to the native sample extracts. Two amines serving as stabilizers, one organophosphate used as an anti-wear agent/metal deactivator and two ester base stocks were quantified. Quantification of the two homologous ester series was carried out using one ester compound and cross-calibration. The quantitative determination is burdened by the uncertainty regarding sampling artefacts in the Nano-MOUDI. Therefore we characterized the cascade impactor in a lab experiment using the ester standard. Particle size distribution measurements conducted parallel to the filter sampling enables the determination of jet engine oil contribution to the UFP mass. Results indicate that aircraft emissions strongly influence the mass balance of 0.010-0.018 μm particles. This contribution decreases for bigger sized particles (0.018-0.056 μm) as presumably more sources get involved. The hereby-introduced method allows the qualitative and quantitative assignment of aircraft emissions towards the chemical composition and total mass of airport related ultrafine particles.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of Craft Filuferru Spirit from Sardinia, Italy

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ilaria Langasco ◽  
Marco Caredda ◽  
Gavino Sanna ◽  
Angelo Panzanelli ◽  
Maria Pilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Alcoholic Strength

Traditional Filuferru is an ancient spirit from Sardinia, Italy, which is usually obtained from the distillation of wine or grape marc. In this contribution, the results of the first chemical characterization of a wide number of crafts Filuferru samples has been accomplished in terms of an evaluation of the alcoholic strength, qualitative and quantitative gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the volatile composition of the distillate, and its trace element composition by means an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Both instrumental methods have been validated and applied on 21 craft samples of Filuferru, whereas one sample of commercial distillate has been analyzed for comparison purposes. Alcoholic strength ranged between 41.0 and 62.4% (v/v). Sixty volatile compounds were identified and ten of them have been quantified. Analogies and differences with Grappa (i.e., the Italian distilled spirit closer to Filuferru) have been highlighted in the qualitative and quantitative profile of this matrix. Often meaningful amounts of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal, and acetic acid were measured. Elemental analysis, performed on toxic, non-toxic elements, and oligoelements, 18 in total, revealed a wide variability of concentrations in both analytes and samples. High concentrations of Cu are sometimes evidenced, which are likely caused by losses from the distillation apparatus. The principal components analysis (PCA) allowed the differentiation of the ten volatile compounds quantified in two groups: the former, as described mainly by PC1, constituted by acetic acid, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal, and acetaldehyde, and the second, described by PC2, constituted by 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, the two coeluiting isomers 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol,1-hexanol, 2-phenylethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. Data obtained may be useful in order to establish a regulation for the production of high-quality traditional Filuferru from Sardinia.

ToF-SIMS spectra multivariate analyses for the chemical characterization of microelectronic low-k materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (S1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scarazzini ◽  
M. Lépinay ◽  
L. Broussous ◽  
J. P. Barnes ◽  
M. Veillerot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Low K

scholarly journals Morphological and chemical characterization of fruits of Capsicum spp. accessions

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizanilda R do Rêgo ◽  
Mailson M do Rêgo ◽  
Izadora Wally F de Matos ◽  
Lidiany Aparecida Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Capsicum Spp

This study aimed to evaluate 69 Capsicum accessions from the Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Roraima, for some fruit quality traits. The experiment was performed in a completely random design, with 69 treatments and 3 replications. The 69 accessions were evaluated for fourteen quantitative and two qualitative traits of ripe fruits. Quantitative fruits data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and the means were grouped by Scott-Knott test (p<0.01). All characteristics had significant effect of treatments (p<0.01) for all evaluated traits. The data showed high genetic variability to future use in a Capsicum breeding program. The accessions 33, 44 and 41 showed major values for dry matter content and total soluble solids; these should be used to improve these traits in a paprika breeding program. On the other hand, the accession 48 showed major values for fresh weight, major fruit length and fruit width. The accession 33, belonging to the Capsicum frutescens species, with high vitamin C content should be used in a fresh market Capsicum breeding program.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of Wild Growing Origanum vulgare Populations in Montenegro

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Željko Jaćimović ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Aida Šapčanin ◽  
Gordan Jančan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Oxygenated Monoterpene

In order to make chemical characterization of two Origanum vulgare L. subspecies in Montenegro, the essential oils of five wild growing populations were analyzed. Among 67 oil constituents, in O. vulgare subsp. hirtum dominant one was oxygenated monoterpene carvacrol (74.3%), while in O. vulgare subsp. vulgare prevailed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: germacrene D (15.4–27.9%) and β-caryophyllene (7.7–14.6%), and among oxygenated monoterpenes: α- terpineol (4.8–17.8%), linalyl acetate (0.5–9.6%), linalool (3.0–8.8%), thymol (0.2–8.3), terpinene 4-ol (1.5–8.3%). Several of the main essential oil constituents appeared to be highly intercorrelated. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.70; P < 0.01) were observed between α-terpineol and linalyl acetate, α-terpineol and thymol, linalyl acetate and thymol, γ-terpenene and carvacrol, ( E)-β-ocimene and β-bisabolene, while strong negative correlations (r < −0.70; P < 0.01) were evidenced between γ-terpenene and β-caryophyllene, γ-terpenene and germacrene D, p-cymene and germacrene D. Multivariate analyses allowed the grouping of the populations into three distinct chemotypes. Population P5 (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) was distinguished from O. vulgare subsp. vulgare populations by predominance of carvacrol, while within the typical subspecies the population P1 (Boljevići) separated from P2 (Radovče), P3 (Lipovo) and P4 (Grahovo) by high oil levels of α-terpineol, linalyl-acetate and thymol.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of craft Filuferru spirit from Sardinia, Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Langasco ◽  
Gavino Sanna ◽  
Marco Caredda ◽  
Angelo Panzanelli ◽  
Maria Itria Pilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Alcoholic Strength

Traditional Filuferru is an ancient spirit from Sardinia, Italy, usually obtained from the distillation of wine or grape marc. In this contribution, the results of the first chemical characterization of a wide number of craft Filuferru samples has been accomplished in terms of evaluation of the alcoholic strength, qualitative and quantitative GC-MS analysis of the volatile composition of the distillate, and its trace element composition by means a ICP-MS method. Both instrumental methods have been validated and applied on 21 craft samples of Filuferru, whereas one sample of commercial distillate has been analyzed for comparison purposes. Alcoholic strength ranged between 41.0 and 62.4% (v/v). Sixty volatile compounds were identified and ten of them have been quantified. Analogies and differences with Grappa (i.e. the Italian distilled spirit most close to Filuferru) have been highlighted in the qualitative and quantitative profile of this matrix. Often meaningful amounts of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal and acetic acid were measured. Elemental analysis, performed on toxic, non-toxic elements and oligoelements, 18 in total, revealed a wide variability of concentrations in both analytes and samples. High concentrations of Cu are sometimes evidenced, likely caused by losses from the distillation apparatus. The principal components analysis (PCA) allowed the differentiation of the ten volatile compounds quantified in two groups: the former, described mainly by PC1, constituted by acetic acid, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal and acetaldehyde, and the second, described by PC2, constituted by 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, the two coeluiting isomers 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol,1-hexanol, 2-phenylethanol and 2,3-butanediol. Data obtained may be useful in order to establish a regulation for the production of high-quality traditional Filuferru from Sardinia.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization of the Soils of New Localities of Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Departments of Man (West) and Toumodi (Centre)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Koffi Antoine ◽  
Soro Dogniméton ◽  
Diomandé Métangbo ◽  
Konan Djézou ◽  
Essehi Jean Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Localities

In order to assess the suitability of soils for rubber cultivation in the departments of Man and Toumodi, two new rubber-growing areas, a study was carried out to evaluate the physical, physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of soils under rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). The methodology used consisted of a physical description of twelve soil pits, coupled with chemical analyses of the soil samples taken. The pedological profiles carried out revealed that these soils belong mainly to the Ferralsol class with distinctive characteristics, except for those of Kimoukro (Toumodi) which belong to the Cambisol class. The Toumodi soils, of silty-clay-sandy texture, are provided with coarse elements (≥30 p.c) with good internal drainage in the surface horizons. More or less deep, depending on the topographical position, Toumodi soils are slightly acidic (pH = 6) and less supplied with nitrogen and exchangeable bases. The soils of Man, on the other hand, have a sandy-clay texture, with more than 30 p.c. of clay from the surface to the depths. The bulk density (Da = 1.6 ≥ 1.5 g/cm3) was higher for the soils of this locality compared to those of Toumodi (Da = 0.8 ≤ 1 g/cm3). The soils of Man, which are less rich in nitrogen and carbon, are more acidic (pH = 5.4). Exchangeable base contents and CEC are high, mainly in the upper surface horizons.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ISOLATED CELL SURFACE OF AMOEBA

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Allen ◽  
Charles Ault ◽  
Richard J. Winzler ◽  
James F. Danielli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Surface Fraction ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Isolated Cell

The cell surface has been isolated from uninucleate, freshwater, phagocytic amoebae by a new procedure. Several criteria were employed to demonstrate purity of the cell surface fraction. All morphological components of the tripartite surface were present in the isolated surface and the weight of the isolated surface was quantitatively accounted for by the components analyzed. Chemical analyses showed the presence of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. Mannose was the predominant neutral sugar. Analyses for three different strains of Amoeba were similar. Phosphate was found to be the major anionic group in the cell surface material. Sulfate, uronic acid, sialic acid, muramic acid, and nonamidated glutamic acid and aspartic acid were absent. Evidence is presented suggesting that the phosphate is associated with an unidentified nonreducing polyol.

Olfactory and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Air-Towards a Psychophysical Model for Air Quality

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Thomas Lindvall ◽  
Helene Nicander-Bredberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Chemical Characterization
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