scholarly journals Do We Need New Crops for Arid Regions? A Review of Fruit Species Domestication in Israel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Yosef Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis

Climatic changes have created the imminent need for the development of new crops for arid regions. We started to domesticate and introduce wild and exotic fruit trees to our deserts in 1984. We tested different species in five eco zones in Israel, differing from each other in terms of maximum and minimum temperatures, type and degrees of salinities, water evaporation rates, rainfall, etc. We succeeded in cultivating pitaya species using hybrids from the Hylocereus and Selenicereus genera, and with a different species from the Cactaeae Cereus peruvianus, which we named Koubo. These two species are from the Cactaceae family, known for high water use efficiencies (WUE). We already have investors who started the semi-commercial production of Marula, Sclerocarya birrea sbsp. Caffra, and Argan—Argania spinosa. In spite of the fact that we developed good clones and knowledge of how to grow and ship White Sapote, Casimiroa edulis, and Indian jujube, Ziziphus mauritiana, we failed due to a lack of marketing research and development, which is essential for such a project. We have gene banks of some other new fruit crops waiting for investors to grow and bring them into the domestic and world markets.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurements of the Water Evaporation Rate of a Physical Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róbert Turza ◽  
Belo B. Füri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool

Abstract As the number of indoor swimming pools and wellness centers are currently growing, it is necessary to concentrate on the parameters of indoor environments. These parameters are necessary for the design of the HVAC systems that operate these premises. In indoor swimming-pool facilities, the energy demand is large due to ventilation losses from exhaust air. Since water evaporates from a pool’s surface, exhaust air has a high water content and specific enthalpy. In this paper the results of the water evaporation rate measured from swimming pool surfaces at higher thermal water temperatures are described.

Collection, characterization, conservation and utilization of Cordia sinensis Lam.: An underexploited multipurpose fruit species of hot arid regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rahul Dev ◽  
M. Sureshkumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
Traloki Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Scrub Forests ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Cordia sinensis, locally known as ‘Goondi’ in India, is an underexploited multipurpose fruit species found in hot arid regions that is well adapted to drought, salt and hot conditions. The present study was undertaken to collect fruit samples from different locations in the Kachchh region of Gujarat, India, and to determine their field establishment for characterization, conservation and utilization. The maximum distribution of the species was observed in Bhuj (45%) and Mandvi (25%). Field boundaries (35%) and scrub forests (30%) had greater frequencies, whereas backyards had rarer frequencies (10%). The species most commonly occurred on levelled topography (60%) with a soil pH in the range of 8–8.5 (63%). Morphological data of three-year-old plants in the field gene bank showed a maximum coefficient of variation in the number of leaves per plant (66.6), followed by the number of branches per plant (45.62) and collar diameter (27.69). Wide variations were recorded in plant height (121.67–212 cm), spread (118–223 cm2) and the number of branches per plant (6–24.33). Specific accessions were identified for fodder (CBCG-12, CBCG-13 and CBCG-16), early flowering and fruiting (CBCG-12, CBCG-13 and CBCG-14), easier propagation by seeds (CBCG-12 and CBCG-13) and salt tolerance (CBCG-15 and CBCG-16). Preliminary findings and information provided about this species' utilization and other aspects might be useful for future research on its domestication, sole plantation and conservation aspects, improving the exploitation of this species by present and future generations.

scholarly journals New records of fruit trees as host for Neosilba species (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) in southeast Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jane Gisloti ◽  
Manoel A. Uchoa ◽  
Angelo Prado
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Fruit Species

Abstract Fruits of thirty-five cultivated native plant species (19 orders and 12 families) were sampled in farms of fruit production from two municipalities of São Paulo state, Brazil (January 2010 to March 2012) to evaluate species diversity of Neosilba flies. Thirty-one species of plants were the host for Neosilba species while four were not infested. Some aspects of the biology and patterns of species diversity, abundance, infestation rates, puparias viability and the interactions among species of frugivorous flies and their host plants were quantified. Seven species of Neosilba were reared: Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado (4 hosts), Neosilba certa (Walker) (4 hosts), Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) (5 hosts), Neosilba inesperata Strikis & Prado (6 hosts) Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) (15 hosts), Neosilba pradoi Strikis & Lerena (8 hosts) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine (26 hosts). The association between the lance flies and the host fruit species is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of forced convection on the evaporation and internal dynamics inside of an array of salt solution droplets

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Rawi ◽  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
High Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Gravity Driven Flow

The effects of a gentle forced air convection on the internal dynamics of an array of multiple pinned sessile salt solution droplets are investigated via fully-coupled transient ALE finite element analysis. Results highlight the competition between the shear-induced circulation within the droplets and the gravity-driven flow in the droplets arising from increasing liquid density in regions of high water evaporation. At low air speeds, gravity effects dominate, resulting in a non-uniform concentration distribution. However, at higher speeds the shear-induced circulation within the droplets becomes sufficient to mix the liquid within the droplets via a 3D flow pattern, resulting in greater concentration uniformity. In addition, the shielding effect of leading droplets on downstream droplets is explored for various air speeds, with results showing differences in average concentration levels.

scholarly journals Development of Interlocking Concrete Blocks with Added Sugarcane Residues

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ribeiro ◽  
Tadaaki Uchiyama ◽  
Jun Tomiyama ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Yamashiki
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Bagasse Fiber

The use of sugarcane residues in mortar and concrete is believed to contribute to a reduction of costs and environmental problems, such as the reduction of mining of natural aggregates and incorrect disposal of the sugarcane residues. Bagasse fiber has a high water retention rate and thus may be considered as a countermeasure for urban heat islands. Because of these properties, bagasse fiber and bagasse sand were added into the preparation of the interlocking concrete blocks. An investigation of the flexural strength and the contribution of the sugarcane residues against an urban heat island was made. The results showed that, by adding 2.0% of bagasse fiber and 5.0% of bagasse sand in concrete, the flexural strength and the water retention content increased in comparison to the control composite. Moreover, the surface temperature and the water evaporation rate of the blocks were smaller in comparison to the control composite.

Initial studies of the growth, nitrogen sequestering, and de-watering potential of perennial grass selections for use as nitrogen catch crops in orchards

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Stork ◽  
P. H. Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
High Water ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Leaching Losses

Two field trials were established to evaluate the ability of perennial grasses to recoup leaching losses of nitrogen in orchards. A perennial grass was considered suitable for use in orchards if it had a winter active–summer dormant growth cycle. High winter growth would ensure de-watering of the soil profile and nitrate uptake during this period, when an orchard is most vulnerable to leaching losses of nitrate. Low growth in summer would minimise competition for water and nutrients with fruit trees. These traits were studied in 14 varieties of grasses from 8 species in an open field and in an established apricot orchard. Semi-dormant summer growth was observed in species such as Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Kasbah, and Festuca arundinacea L. cv. MK88931. In the open field trial, the sequestration of NO3–-N + NH4+-N between late autumn and early spring, by Kasbah and MK88931, was estimated at 172 and 220 kg N/ha, respectively. Kasbah and MK88931 also demonstrated the driest soil profiles to a depth of 1.5 m in this period. This reflected their high water use and de-watering potential. Therefore, the performance of these grasses demonstrated a model approach to mitigate nitrate leaching below orchard root-zones. They could minimise deep percolation of rainfall and sequestered large amounts of inorganic nitrogen in soil during winter, whilst producing low growth during summer.

scholarly journals A Fruit Tree as an Identification Element of Ornamental Gardens Shaping in Croatia- Istria Ornamental Gardens Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Alka TURALIJA ◽  
Anica PERKOVIC ◽  
Jasenka VIZENTANER ◽  
Jasna AVDIC ◽  
Vladimir JUKIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Primary Determinant

A fruit tree has always been a determinant of an ornamental garden shaping in Croatia. From the 13th century onward an organized planting of fruit trees has been recorded. A total of 100 gardens in Istria have been analyzed , 50 of which were examined in the Istria interior, and 50 in the coastal area. Due to the shape and architectural style, 8 different types of gardens were determined and classified, by the location,  into three climatic-relief areas A, B and C. There were 7 types of ornamental gardens with a  fruit tree as a primary determinant of the garden, except one without it. Out of the 23 recorded fruit species, cherry, figs, grapes and olives have been mostly common  in the Istria interior whereas olives, Nespoli, figs and grapes have been known in the Istria coast.

Probabilistic modeling of the water availability in a large surface reservoir in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Hurkmans ◽  
Chris Geerse ◽  
Bastiaan Kuijper ◽  
Durk Klopstra ◽  
Bas de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Open Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Dry Spells

<p>During dry spells, a large part of the Netherlands depends on water from the IJssel lake, a large surface water reservoir. Water is extracted for a number of purposes, such as irrigation, water quality, shipping and drinking water. Besides local precipitation, the main source of water flowing into the lake is the river IJssel; a distributary of the Rhine. During periods of low discharge and low precipitation, water shortages may occur, as the recent summer of 2018 showed. ​We develop a probabilistic model to simulate water availability in the lake during dry spells. We derive marginal distributions of precipitation, open water evaporation, river discharge and water intake from the surrounding region, based on a 101-year simulation of the deterministic Dutch national water model. We assess the plausibility of the resulting extreme tail of the distributions by comparing them to values based on the ECWMF seasonal reforecasting archive, which, when all ensemble members, years and lead times are combined, contains over 4,000 years of data. All correlations between the four terms are modeled using a four-dimensional copula. The resulting distributions of water availability show aggregated water shortages up to extremely dry (return periods in excess of 10,000 years) conditions. Lake level dynamics are, during dry conditions, dominated by high water demand from the surrounding region (caused by lack of local precipitation) and low IJssel river discharges. A coincidence of these two terms causes the most extreme shortages. Because model is conceptually relatively simple, it is able to run a large number of realizations and is potentially highly suitable for, for example, assessment of measure effectiveness.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Chemical Control of Excessive Vegetative Growth of Fruit Trees with Emphasis on Stone Fruit Species

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Erez ◽  
M.W. Williams ◽  
Yosef Ben-Tal ◽  
B. Avidan ◽  
E.A. Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Fruit Species

scholarly journals How does the S-locus determining self-incompatibility in stone fruits work in self-compatible peach?

2005 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Attila Hegedűs ◽  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
József Nyéki ◽  
Andrzej Pedryc
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Available Information

The majority of stone fruit species are self-incompatible, a feature that is determined by a specific recognition mechanism between the S-ribonuclease enzymes residing in the pistils and the F-box proteins expressed in the pollen tubes. Failure in the function of any component of this bipartite system resulted in self-compatibility (SC) in many cultivars of Prunus species. Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) is the only species in the Prunoideae subfamily that is traditionally known to be self-compatible, but its molecular background is completely unknown. Isoelectric focusing and S-gene specific PCR revealed that SC is not due to functional inability of pistil ribonucleases. We hypothesize that SC may be a consequence of a kind of pollen-part mutation or the action of one or more currently unknown modifier gene(s). Only two S-alleles were identified in a set of peach genotypes of various origin and phenotypes in contrast to the 17–30 alleles described in self-incompatible fruit trees. Most important commercial cultivars carry the same S-allele and are in a homozygote state. This indicates the common origin of these cultivars and also the consequence of self-fertilization. According to the available information, this is the first report to elucidate the role of S-locus in the fertilization process of peach. 

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