Collection, characterization, conservation and utilization of Cordia sinensis Lam.: An underexploited multipurpose fruit species of hot arid regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rahul Dev ◽  
M. Sureshkumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
Traloki Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Scrub Forests ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Cordia sinensis, locally known as ‘Goondi’ in India, is an underexploited multipurpose fruit species found in hot arid regions that is well adapted to drought, salt and hot conditions. The present study was undertaken to collect fruit samples from different locations in the Kachchh region of Gujarat, India, and to determine their field establishment for characterization, conservation and utilization. The maximum distribution of the species was observed in Bhuj (45%) and Mandvi (25%). Field boundaries (35%) and scrub forests (30%) had greater frequencies, whereas backyards had rarer frequencies (10%). The species most commonly occurred on levelled topography (60%) with a soil pH in the range of 8–8.5 (63%). Morphological data of three-year-old plants in the field gene bank showed a maximum coefficient of variation in the number of leaves per plant (66.6), followed by the number of branches per plant (45.62) and collar diameter (27.69). Wide variations were recorded in plant height (121.67–212 cm), spread (118–223 cm2) and the number of branches per plant (6–24.33). Specific accessions were identified for fodder (CBCG-12, CBCG-13 and CBCG-16), early flowering and fruiting (CBCG-12, CBCG-13 and CBCG-14), easier propagation by seeds (CBCG-12 and CBCG-13) and salt tolerance (CBCG-15 and CBCG-16). Preliminary findings and information provided about this species' utilization and other aspects might be useful for future research on its domestication, sole plantation and conservation aspects, improving the exploitation of this species by present and future generations.

scholarly journals Seed Source Variation in Growth Performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. of Australian Origin in India

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
H. S. Ginwal ◽  
Pradip Kumar ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
A. K. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Results of a provenance trial of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. laid out in 2001 at Seothi (30° N Lat., 76° E Long. and 250 m altitude) Haryana, a semi-arid region of India are reported and discussed. Six seed sources from Australia viz. Laura River, Emu Creek, Degrey River, Wiluna, Kennedy River, Morehead River were evaluated from nursery stage (3 months) to field performance (2 year). Two sources viz. E.tereticornis (Helenvele, Qld) and FRI-4 a local seed source were used as control (check material). Significant differences between the seed sources at nursery stage were observed for collar diameter (P < 0.05) and number of leaves (P < 0.01). At age 2 years, significant differences between the seed sources (P < 0.05) were observed for height and field survival. The two seed sources viz. Emu Creek Petford, QLD and Laura river, QLD ranked first and second for height and survival at this age. Results indicate that genetic differences exist between the sources of E. camaldulensis. None of the traits assessed (viz. height, collar diameter, number of leaves, number of branches and survival) was found to correlate with any of the geographical coordinates of the site (latitude, longitude and altitude). There were fair differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability. Heritability values were fairly high for height and clear bole length in comparison to collar diameter, number of branches and survival. The relative performance of these provenances was fairly consistent throughout the period of observation. The two sources viz. Laura river, QLD and Emu Creek Petford, QLD are recommended for potential source for plantation programme under semi-arid conditions.

scholarly journals Mulching as water-saving technique in dryland agriculture: review article

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdul Kader ◽  
Ashutus Singha ◽  
Mili Amena Begum ◽  
Arif Jewel ◽  
Ferdous Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Agricultural Water Resources ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Agricultural water resources have been limited over the years due to global warming and irregular rainfall in the arid and semi-arid regions. To mitigate the water stress in agriculture, mulching has a crucial impact as a water-saving technique in rain-fed crop cultivation. It is important mainly for preserving soil moisture, relegating soil temperature, and limiting soil evaporation, which affects the crop yield. Mulching has many strategic effects on soil ecosystem, crop growth, and climate. Mulch insulates the soil, helping to provide a buffer from cold and hot temperatures that have a crucial activity in creating beautiful and protected landscapes. This study has accumulated a series of information about both organic and plastic mulch materials and its applicability on crop cultivation. Moreover, future research potentials of mulching with modeling were discussed to quantify water loss in agriculture.

scholarly journals Multispectral Remote Sensing of Wetlands in Semi-Arid and Arid Areas: A Review on Applications, Challenges and Possible Future Research Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4190
Author(s):  
Siyamthanda Gxokwe ◽  
Timothy Dube ◽  
Dominic Mazvimavi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Semi Arid

Wetlands are ranked as very diverse ecosystems, covering about 4–6% of the global land surface. They occupy the transition zones between aquatic and terrestrial environments, and share characteristics of both zones. Wetlands play critical roles in the hydrological cycle, sustaining livelihoods and aquatic life, and biodiversity. Poor management of wetlands results in the loss of critical ecosystems goods and services. Globally, wetlands are degrading at a fast rate due to global environmental change and anthropogenic activities. This requires holistic monitoring, assessment, and management of wetlands to prevent further degradation and losses. Remote-sensing data offer an opportunity to assess changes in the status of wetlands including their spatial coverage. So far, a number of studies have been conducted using remotely sensed data to assess and monitor wetland status in semi-arid and arid regions. A literature search shows a significant increase in the number of papers published during the 2000–2020 period, with most of these studies being in semi-arid regions in Australia and China, and few in the sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reviews progress made in the use of remote sensing in detecting and monitoring of the semi-arid and arid wetlands, and focuses particularly on new insights in detection and monitoring of wetlands using freely available multispectral sensors. The paper firstly describes important characteristics of wetlands in semi-arid and arid regions that require monitoring in order to improve their management. Secondly, the use of freely available multispectral imagery for compiling wetland inventories is reviewed. Thirdly, the challenges of using freely available multispectral imagery in mapping and monitoring wetlands dynamics like inundation, vegetation cover and extent, are examined. Lastly, algorithms for image classification as well as challenges associated with their uses and possible future research are summarised. However, there are concerns regarding whether the spatial and temporal resolutions of some of the remote-sensing data enable accurate monitoring of wetlands of varying sizes. Furthermore, it was noted that there were challenges associated with the both spatial and spectral resolutions of data used when mapping and monitoring wetlands. However, advancements in remote-sensing and data analytics provides new opportunities for further research on wetland monitoring and assessment across various scales.

scholarly journals Adaçayı ve Dağ Çayında Tuz Stresi Üzerine Selenyum Uygulamalarının Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol ◽  
Halit Aşkın
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Fresh Root

Sage and mountain sage belong to Lamiaceae family which have commercial importance from medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium in salinity conditions on the morphological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mountain tea (Sideritis sp.). Four different doses of selenium (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/l) were applied in without salinity (0) and salinity (250 mM NaCl/l) medium. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications in the climate chamber room of the department of field crops. When the examined properties were evaluated; plant height changed between 15.56-23.85 cm, number of branches 10.50-12.78 number/plant, number of leaves 52.78-92.00 number/plant, fresh leaf weight 2.48-7.51 g/plant, dry leaf weight 0.48-3.32 g/plant, fresh root weight 1.52-7.16 g/plant, dry root weight 0.19-1.24 g/plant, root length 26.18-36.07 cm, fresh shoot weight of 1.13-7.15 g/plant and dry shoot weight 0.13-0.38 g/plant. In mountain tea, the properties were determined for plant height as 3.26-5.93 cm, for number of branches as 2.50-6.33 number/plant, for number of leaves as 28.22-91.14 number/plant, for fresh and dry leaf weights as 2.42-11,03 and 0.45-1.91 g/plant, for fresh and dry root weights as 0.71-3.97 and 0.18-0.74 g/plant, for root length as 14.78-33.26 cm, for fresh and dry shoot weights as 0.29-2.28 and 0.12-0.41 g/plant were determined. As a result of this study, 5 mg/l selenium application in salinity conditions in both plants has reached high values in terms of fresh leaf weights. In addition to this, it was found that selenium applications in salinity conditions had positive effects on dry leaf weight in sage and fresh root and fresh shoot weights in mountain tea. As a result of correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between dry leaf weight and other characteristics especially in mountain tea in terms of traits examined in both plants.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai di Lahan Rawa Lebak dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati dan Kimia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Endriani , ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
Dan Eko Sulistyono
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
National Production ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) demand is high in Indonesia, however national production is low, therefore improving productivity is important. The research was aimed to determine the effect of application of biofertilizer containing N- fixing and P- solubilizing bacteria on the growth and production of soybean in lowland swamp. The experiment was conducted  at  Labuhan Ratu VI Village, District of Labuhan Ratu, East Lampung Regency from September to December 2014. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design with three replications. N and P fertilizers were applied in four levels. Doses of N were 0, 11.25, 22.50, 33.75 kg ha-1, doses of P were 0, 36, 72, 108 P2O5 kg ha-1, in combination with and without biofertilizer application. The results showed that interaction between biofertilizer and N significantly affected number of branches and number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase. The influence of three types of fertilizer had no significant effect on the productivity of soybean in lowland swamp with soil pH of 7.0 and medium soil fertility. It is recommended to apply Biofertilizer + 11,25 kg N ha-1 + 36 kg P2O5 ha-1 to obtain high soybean production in lowland swamp area.<br /><br />Keywords: nitrogen, phosphate, productivity, soil fertility<br /><br />

scholarly journals Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJORIE M. MANIPOL ◽  
CRUSTY E. TINIO ◽  
LERMA SJ. MALDIA ◽  
Marilyn S. Combalicer
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract. Manipol MM, Tinio CE, Maldia LSJ, Combalicer MS. 2020. Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus). Biodiversitas 21: 5146-5154. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma indicus is a commonly planted species for reforestation in the Philippines regardless of the area’s condition. Since the species could survive in areas even with harsh conditions, it was hypothesized that the species may also thrive in areas having substantial amount of salt, especially during its early growth. This study assessed the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses of seeds and seedlings of P. indicus Willd. f. indicus (Fabaceae), a native species in the Philippines to varying salt (NaCl) concentrations (0-300 mM). Based on the results, P. indicus f. indicus grew significantly in terms of height, number of leaves, leaf area, root collar diameter (RCD), root nodules, and root-shoot ratio in the control and at 100 mM NaCl. On the other hand, the growth of the species was suppressed at 300 mM NaCl. The physiological characteristics (germination, survival, and photosynthetic rates) were also high in the control compared to the NaCl treatments. As for the seed anatomical characteristics, the radicle cells remained undamaged, with high cell number and longer cells in the control, but showed damaged and reduced cell number and length at 300 mM NaCl. This indicates that P. indicus f. indicus can only tolerate moderate saline soil conditions. Hence, this result needs to be considered in reforestation efforts of the country using this species.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIPPING IN GIBBERLLIC ACID AND SPRAYING NUTRIENT SOLUTION AGRO LEAF ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF JERUSALUM ARTICHOKE.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib  during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA3(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant-1) but the treatment G1A1gave highest rate for number of leaves, leaf area, guide of leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative parts and dry weight of 100gm tubers as(4495.10 leaf.plant-1, 2246.20 dsm2, 99.84, 922.40g, 24.00g.) respectively. The treatments gave significant differences quantity yield, so treatment G3A0 gave highest weight of the tubers as(45.55g.) but the treatment G3A1 gave highest number of the tubers as(68.00 tuber.plant-1 ) and highest yield of plant as (2890g/plant).

scholarly journals Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Data Matrices

This paper critically assesses all morphological cladistic analyses of the Metazoa that were published during the last one and a half decades. Molecular and total evidence analyses are also critically reviewed. This study focuses on evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of the ‘acoelomate’ worms: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, all recently proposed sister group hypotheses and the supporting synapomorphies for these phyla are evaluated. Discrepancies in the treatment of corresponding characters in different cladistic analyses are identified, and where possible, resolved. In Part II, the overall phylogenetic significance across the Metazoa of all characters relevant for placing the ‘acoelomate’ worms is examined. The coding and scoring of these characters for other phyla are evaluated, and uncertainties in our understanding are pointed out in order to guide future research. The characters discussed in this paper are broadly categorized as follows: epidermis and cuticle, reproduction and sexual condition, development, larval forms, coeloms and mesoderm source, nervous system and sensory organs, nephridia, musculature, digestive system, and miscellaneous characters. Competing phylogenetic hypotheses are compared in terms of several criteria: 1) taxon sampling and the fulfillment of domain of definition for each character; 2) character sampling; 3) character coding; 4) character scoring and quality of primary homology; 5) quality of the proposed diagnostic synapomorphies as secondary homologies. On the basis of this study I conclude that a sister group for the Platyhelminthes has not yet been unambiguously established. A clade minimally composed of Neotrochozoa (Mollusca, Sipuncula, Echiura, Annelida) emerges as the most likely sister group of the Nemertea on the basis of morphological and total evidence analyses. Finally, morphological data currrently favor a sister group relationship of Gnathostomulida and Syndermata (probably plus Micrognathozoa). In contrast, molecular or total evidence analyses have not identified a reliable sister group of Gnathostomulida.Further progress in our understanding of metazoan phylogeny crucially depends on the improvement of the quality of currently adopted cladistic data matrices. A thorough reassessment of many of the more than 70 morphological characters discussed here is necessary. Despite the recent compilation of comprehensive data matrices, the power to test competing hypotheses of higher-level metazoan relationships is critically compromised due to uncritical data selection and poor character study in even the most recently published cladistic analyses.

scholarly journals Sanitary landfill leachate as a source of nutrients on the initial growth of sunflower plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco H. Nunes Júnior ◽  
Franklin A. Gondim ◽  
Magnum de S. Pereira ◽  
Brennda B. Braga ◽  
Roberto A. Pontes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Sanitary Landfill Leachate

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of sunflower seedlings under different concentrations of sanitary landfill leachate, considering the feasibility of its use as source of nutrients for agricultural production. Biometric and vigor variables were analyzed through the measurements of collar diameter, shoot height, number of leaves and shoot and root fresh and dry matters, from January to February 2015. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme: five leachate concentrations (0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1) x four harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing), with five replicates each containing two plants. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial regression, and the results of the last harvest (29 DAS) were compared by Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The use of sanitary landfill leachate increased all analyzed variables in sunflower plants when compared to the control plants (without leachate), especially in the treatment of 100 kg N ha-1. There was no inhibitory effect of the leachate on the initial growth of sunflower seedlings under adopted experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Studies on the Variability and Combining Ability for Improved Growth and Yield of Local Eggplant Genotypes (Solanum melongena L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndueso Michael AKPAN ◽  
Peter OGBONNA ◽  
Vincent ONYIA ◽  
Emeka OKECHUKWU ◽  
Agatha ATUGWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Branches

Ten genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) comprising of four genitors and six hybrids generated using diallel crosses were evaluated to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability,  their general combing ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for improved growth and yield of eggplant. The results obtained showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference among the genotypes in all the traits studied.  The highest fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare was obtained in ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ combination, with 1.77 kg per plant and 50.50 tonnes per hectare, respectively. The cluster analysis grouped the studied genotypes into three and six clusters for genitors alone and genitors with first filial generation (F1s), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that number of leaves, number of fruits and number of branches per plant contributed more to the total variations observed in the eggplant populations. Significant GCA and SCA effect were obtained for most characters analyzed, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. The genotype ‘Iyoyo’ was the best general combiner in regard to days to flowering and number of fruits per plant. ‘Yalo’ was the best general combiner in fruits’ circumference and diameter, fruit yield per plant and per hectare. The cross ‘Uyo’ × ‘Iyoyo’ was the best specific combiner in days to flowering, whereas ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ and ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ were the best specific combinations in number of fruits, fruit yield per plant and per hectare.

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