scholarly journals Controlled Over-Expression of AtDREB1A Enhances Tolerance against Drought and Salinity in Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Raveendran Muthurajan ◽  
Valarmathi Ramanathan ◽  
Abhijeet Bansilal Shillak ◽  
Suryawanshi Madhuri Pralhad ◽  
Chavan Neha Shankarrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Rd29a Promoter ◽  
Screen House

Engineering transcription factors (TF) hold promise in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this study, one of the popular rice varieties of South India, namely ADT 43, was engineered with a TF AtDREB1A driven by a stress-inducible rd29A promoter. PCR and Southern hybridization were employed to confirm the integration and copy number of the transgene. Transgenic lines (T1) of ADT 43 showed enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity compared to the non-transgenic ADT 43. Transgenic lines were found to maintain higher RWC %, lower leaf temperature, and partially closed stomata, enabling better survival under stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the strong induction of AtDREB1A transcripts during drought. Transgenic lines of ADT 43 exhibited increased germination and retention of chlorophyll in their leaves under salinity. Evaluation of transgenic lines under transgenic screen house conditions revealed that line # A16 exhibited on par agronomic performance against its non-transgenic counterpart under normal conditions. Under drought, non-transgenic ADT 43 showed >20% reduction in the total number of spikelets per panicle, whereas transgenic line # A16 registered only a 2% reduction. Non-transgenic ADT 43 recorded 80% yield reduction under drought, whereas line # A16 recorded only 54% yield loss. The above results demonstrated the effectiveness of controlled expression of DREB1A in regulating dehydration responses in rice.

scholarly journals Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a candidate gene in qCTS6 for cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luomiao Yang ◽  
Jingguo Wang ◽  
Zhenghong Han ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
Hua Long Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background Cold stress caused by low temperatures is an important factor restricting rice production. Identification of cold-tolerance genes that can stably express in cold environments is crucial for molecular rice breeding. Results In this study, we employed high-throughput quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL-seq) analyses in a 460-individual F2:3 mapping population to identify major QTL genomic regions governing cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice. A novel major QTL (qCTS6) controlling the survival rate (SR) under low-temperature conditions of 9°C/10 days was mapped on the 2.60-Mb interval on chromosome 6. Twenty-seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were designed for the qCST6 region based on re-sequencing data, and local QTL mapping was conducted using traditional linkage analysis. Eventually, we mapped qCTS6 to a 96.6-kb region containing 13 annotated genes, of which seven predicted genes contained 13 non-synonymous SNP loci. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that only Os06g0719500, an OsbZIP54 transcription factor, was strongly induced by cold stress. Haplotype analysis confirmed that +376 bp (T>A) in the OsbZIP54 coding region played a key role in regulating cold tolerance in rice. Conclusion We identified OsbZIP54 as a novel regulatory gene associated with rice cold-responsive traits, with its Dongfu-104 allele showing specific cold-induction expression serving as an important molecular variation for rice improvement. This result is expected to further exploration of the genetic mechanism of rice cold tolerance at the seedling stage and improve cold tolerance in rice varieties by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Ectopic Overexpression of Histone H3K4 Methyltransferase CsSDG36 from Tea Plant Decreases Hyperosmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5064
Author(s):  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
Linghui Guo ◽  
Yanwen Yuan ◽  
Shuangling Hu ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Histone H3k4

Histone methylation plays an important regulatory role in the drought response of many plants, but its regulatory mechanism in the drought response of the tea plant remains poorly understood. Here, drought stress was shown to induce lower relative water content and significantly downregulate the methylations of histone H3K4 in the tea plant. Based on our previous analysis of the SET Domain Group (SDG) gene family, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of CsSDG36 was cloned from the tea cultivar ‘Fuding Dabaicha’. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the CsSDG36 gene was 3138 bp, encoding 1045 amino acids and containing the conserved structural domains of PWWP, PHD, SET and PostSET. The CsSDG36 protein showed a close relationship to AtATX4 of the TRX subfamily, with a molecular weight of 118,249.89 Da, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.87, belonging to a hydrophilic protein without a transmembrane domain, probably located on the nucleus. The expression of CsSDG36 was not detected in the wild type, while it was clearly detected in the over-expression lines of Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild type, the over-expression lines exhibited lower hyperosmotic resistance by accelerating plant water loss, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) pressure, and increasing leaf stomatal density. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the CsSDG36 overexpression caused the differential expression of genes related to chromatin assembly, microtubule assembly, and leaf stomatal development pathways. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the significant down-regulation of stomatal development-related genes (BASL, SBT1.2(SDD1), EPF2, TCX3, CHAL, TMM, SPCH, ERL1, and EPFL9) in the overexpression lines. This study provides a novel sight on the function of histone methyltransferase CsSDG36 under drought stress.

scholarly journals Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Javaria Tabassum ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Babar Hussain ◽  
Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽  
Aqib Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

Over-expression of the rice OsAMT1-1 gene increases ammonium uptake and content, but impairs growth and development of plants under high ammonium nutrition

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Hoque ◽  
Josette Masle ◽  
Michael K. Udvardi ◽  
Peter R. Ryan ◽  
Narayana M. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Ammonium Nutrition ◽  
Maize Ubiquitin Promoter

A transgenic approach was undertaken to investigate the role of a rice ammonium transporter (OsAMT1-1) in ammonium uptake and consequent ammonium assimilation under different nitrogen regimes. Transgenic lines overexpressing OsAMT1-1 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of two rice cultivars, Taipei 309 and Jarrah, with an OsAMT1-1 cDNA gene construct driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. Transcript levels of OsAMT1-1 in both Taipei 309 and Jarrah transgenic lines correlated positively with transgene copy number. Shoot and root biomass of some transgenic lines decreased during seedling and early vegetative stage compared to the wild type, especially when grown under high (2 mm) ammonium nutrition. Transgenic plants, particularly those of cv. Jarrah recovered in the mid-vegetative stage under high ammonium nutrition. Roots of the transgenic plants showed increased ammonium uptake and ammonium content. We conclude that the decreased biomass of the transgenic lines at early stages of growth might be caused by the accumulation of ammonium in the roots owing to the inability of ammonium assimilation to match the greater ammonium uptake.

Sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-southern hybridization and conventional PCR analysis for Halal authentication of gelatin capsules

LWT ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahilah Abd Mutalib ◽  
Nursheila Mustafa Muin ◽  
Aminah Abdullah ◽  
Osman Hassan ◽  
Wan Aida Wan Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Halal Authentication ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dalibha Pathak ◽  
Umesh Ch. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

scholarly journals Komposisi dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Penyakit pada Padi di Nusa Tenggara Barat

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Sudir Sudir ◽  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Lalu Wirajaswadi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Differential Varieties ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Screen House

<p>A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes on rice crop in West Nusa Tenggara, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the fields, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples at the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of Xoo at the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmers’ fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties using inocula of the Xoo isolates. Resistance of the rice differential varieties was determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity ≤11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity &gt;11% was susceptible (S). From the 240 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from West Nusa Tenggara, 232 Xoo isolates were obtained. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype IV was the most dominant in West Nusa Tenggara during the 2012 planting season, numbering 118 isolates or 51.0% out of the total isolates, followed by pathotype VIII (67 isolates or 29.0%), and pathotype III (47 isolates or 20.0%).</p>

scholarly journals Expression of thaumatin, a new type of alternative sweetener in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276-1291
Author(s):  
Shahina AKTER ◽  
Md. Amdadul HUQ ◽  
Yu-Jin JUNG ◽  
Kwon-Kyoo KANG
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plasmid Vector ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Alternative Sweetener ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Transgenic Lines

  Sweet proteins are the natural alternative to the artificial sweeteners as well as flavor enhancers. Among other sweet protein, thaumatin protein was isolated from Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth plant fruit. In this study, pinII Ti plasmid vector was constructed with thaumatin gene, where thaumatin was placed under the control of the duel cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice (Oryza sativa L. var. japonica cv. ‘Dongjinbyeo’) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to generate transgenic plants. Thirteen plant lines were regenerated and the transgenic rice lines were confirmed by different molecular analysis. The genomic PCR result revealed that all of the plant lines were transgenic. The single copy and intergenic plant lines were selected by Taqman PCR analysis and FST analysis, respectively. Expression of thaumatin gene in transgenic rice resulted in the accumulation of thaumatin protein in the leave. Thaumatin protein was also accumulated in leave of T1 generation. Sensory analysis result suggested that the thaumatin protein expressing transgenic lines exerted sweet tasting activity. These results demonstrated that thaumatin was expressed in transgenic rice plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document