scholarly journals Combined Acidification and Solar Drying of Pig Slurries for Nutrient Recovery and Controlled Atmospheric Emissions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Francesc X. Prenafeta-Boldú ◽  
Belén Fernández ◽  
Marc Viñas ◽  
Joan Noguerol ◽  
Joan Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Slurry Sample ◽  
Direct Dependency

The solar drying of pig slurries was tested in a pilot-scale greenhouse (10 m2 footprint), operated with forced ventilation under low and high solar irradiation in Mediterranean conditions. Gaseous emissions were prevented through slurry acidification and by the biofiltration of exhaust gases. Air relative humidity and temperature in and out the greenhouse, as well as the weight of a slurry sample, were monitored online to command the ventilation regime. Daily average drying rate values ranged from 0.3 to 2.8 kg m−2 d−1 and displayed a direct dependency with solar radiation until the pig slurry lost a 60% of its initial weight, with a solar energy efficiency of about 26%. Upon further drying, the water content from pig slurries stabilized at around 10%. Mass balances between the initial slurry and dried product were closed for total solids and organic matter, but the recovery of nutrients ranged from 69% to 81%, apparently because of precipitation and incrustation phenomena. The NPK composition of the final product was 4.3–2.5–3.8 and fulfilled current regulations for solid organic fertilizers. Operational costs of the drying process and fertilizing quality parameters were also discussed.

scholarly journals Solar drying in the vineyard: a sustainable technology for the recovery of nutrients from winery organic waste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. Prenafeta-Boldú ◽  
L. Burgos ◽  
J. Noguerol ◽  
M. Mercader ◽  
J. Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The present study describes a pilot-scale experimental validation of a forced-convection greenhouse solar dryer, combined with a biofilter, for controlled atmospheric emissions. This set-up was applied to the dewatering of sewage sludge from a biological plant that treated process wastewater in a commercial Mediterranean winery. Experiments were performed after the harvest, from September onwards, during the peak generation of sludge. The average drying rate during the first 10 days of operation ranged from 1.17 to 2.24 kg m−2 d−1, depending on the measurement method, during which the water content of the sludge was reduced from 90% down to 67%. Biofiltration was quite inefficient against greenhouse gases (methane and dinitrous oxide), and direct emissions during the drying process were on average 57 g CO2-eq m−2 d−1. Ammonia and volatile organic compounds were removed with average efficiencies of 71% and 35%, but ammonia losses through volatilization represented less than 2% of the initial nitrogen content. The sludge was dried further during November, to the lowest possible water content of 14%. Both the intermediate and final sludge dried materials were characterized for their agronomical value as organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Whole and Half Chili Pods Using a Solar Dryer with CaCl2 Desiccant on Quality of Powder Chili

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nauas D. M. Romauli ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Al Qadry ◽  
Hendrik V. Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Powder Product ◽  
Chili Powder ◽  
Pepper Powder

This study investigated the quality of dried whole and half chili pods’ powder dried with solar drying combined with CaCl2 desiccant compared with natural convection solar drying to produce the final chili powder product. Besides the sensory analysis, the quality parameters such as beta-carotene, moisture, vitamin C, and ash content were also observed. The results showed that 57 hours of drying time of whole and half chili pods using solar drying can reach moisture content below 5%. Beta-carotene, ash, and vitamin C contents of the whole chili were higher than those of half chili pods’ dried pepper powder; they were 20.38 ± 0.22   mg / 100   g , 5.81 ± 0.15 % , and 23.99 ± 0.57   mg / 100   g , respectively. This study can guide the red chili drying process based on the quality of the dried chili powder.

scholarly journals Drying and quality performance of dragon blood’s resin (Daemonorops sp.) exposed to solar and oven drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
G Pasaribu ◽  
K Yuniarti ◽  
T K Waluyo ◽  
E Basri ◽  
L Efiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Drying Quality

Abstract Dragon blood’s resin is obtained by extracting the dragon blood’s fruit with organic or non-organic solvents. Following extraction, drying process is usually carried out to dry the wet resin. The drying techniques used is assumed to affect not only the drying performance but also the quality of the dragon blood’s resin, in particular its active ingredient content (dracorhodin). The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of solar and oven drying on the drying performance and quality of dragon blood’s resin. The oven temperature used was 60°C. Both drying techniques were executed until the resin dried which was indicated by color change and its easiness to rupture. The results showed that solar drying of dragon blood required shorter time (210 minutes) with higher drying rate (0.25%/minute) than the oven drying process which need 250 minutes to finish with a drying rate of 0.14%/minute. Except the ash content of solar dried resin, other post-drying quality parameters of dragon blood resin from both drying techniques have met the Indonesia standard for trading purpose (SNI 8663:2018). Further statistical analysis confirmed that the drying techniques applied significantly affected the drying rate and post-drying quality values of dragon blood’s resin.

Konsumsi Energi Pada Alat Pengering Surya dan Tipe Bak Untuk Pengeringan Biji Kakao

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamhot P. Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Crop drying is essential for preservation in agricultural applications. It is performed either using fossil fuels in an artificial mechanical drying process or by placing the crop under the open sun. The first method is costly and has a negative impact on the environment, while the second method is totally dependent on the weather. The drying process requires a lot of energy in relation to the amount of water that must be evaporated from the product. It is estimated that 12% of the total energy used by the food industries and agriculture absorbed in this process. Due to the limitation of energy resources, it is important to keep researching and developing of diversification and optimization of energy This study aims to assess the use of energy for cocoa drying using solar energy dryer and bin-type dryer, as well as to determine the drying efficiency of each type of dryer. The results showed that the efficiency of the solar dryer drying system ranges between 36% to 46%, while the tub-type dryers between 21.7% to 33.1%. The specific energy of solar dryer ranged from 6.17-7.87 MJ / kg, while the tub-type dryers 8.58-13.63 MJ / kg. Dryer efficiency is influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the amount of drying load, the higher the irradiation received and more cocoa beans are dried, the drying efficiency is also higher and the specific energy further down.Proses pengeringan memerlukan banyak energi sehubungan dengan banyaknya air yang harus diuapkan dari bahan yang dikeringkan. Pengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengering mekanis berbahan bakar fosil atau dengan menempatkan produk di bawah matahari terbuka. Metode pertama adalah mahal dan memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sedangkan metode kedua sangat tergantung pada cuaca. Diperkirakan bahwa 12% dari total energi yang dipergunakan oleh industri pangan dan pertanian diserap untuk proses ini. Mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumber energi bahan bakar minyak maka usaha diversifikasi dan optimasi energi untuk pengeringan perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan energi untuk pengeringan kakao dengan memakai pengering energi surya dan pengering tipe bak, serta untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengeringan dari masing-masing tipe pengering. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi total sistem pengeringan alat pengering surya berkisar antara 36% dan 46%, sedangkan pengering tipe bak antara 21.7% dan 33.1%. Kebutuhan energi spesifik alat pengering surya berkisar antara 6.17-7.87 MJ/kg, sedangkan alat pengering tipe bak 8.58-13.63 MJ/kg. Efisiensi alat pengering dipengaruhi oleh tingkat iradiasi surya dan jumlah beban pengeringan, semakin tinggi iradiasi yang diterima pengering serta semakin banyak biji kakao yang dikeringkan, maka efisiensi pengeringan juga semakin tinggi dan kebutuhan energi spesifik semakin turun.Keywords: energy, efficiency, cocoa, solar dryer, bin-type dryer.

Pertumbuhan Cladocera jenis Chydoridae pada media kultur yang berbeda

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denovis Sambode ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Sartje Lantu
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Medium Culture

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of different organic fertilizers on the population growth of Chydorus sp. This research was conducted at Laboratorium of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, from December, 2012 to January, 2013. The experiment was run in the Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replication. Chydorus sp. was cultured in 9 glass jars with a volume of 1 L each. Three treatments applied in this research included A: medium culture composed of 500ml of water and 50 grams of soil; B: medium culture composed of 500ml of water, 50 grams of soil and 10g of cow dung; C: medium culture composed of 500ml of water, 50 grams of soil and 10g of horse dung. The density of Cydorus sp. in each media was 10 individuals /500 ml water. Observation on the population growth, development of live preys, and water quality parameters was conducted for 20 days period. Data were statistically analized with Analysis of variance. The results showed the highest density of Chydorus sp. was reached by Chydorus cultured in medium with horse manure (2169 individual/500 ml), followed by medium culture with cow manure (1715 individual/500 ml), and the lowest in medium culture with soil which was 1065,33 individual/500 ml. However, Analysis of variances showed that Chydorus population growth were not significantly affected by different culture medium. Keywords: manure, liquid fertilizer, growth, Chydorus sp.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Priyanshu ◽  
M K Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Sunil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tomato-Based Packing Material for Retention of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide and Methane in Gas Phase Biofilters: A Laboratory Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
José L. S. Pereira ◽  
Adelaide Perdigão ◽  
Francisco Marques ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Mariana Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Tomato Waste

Biofilters are an effective air pollution control technology to break down gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. This laboratory study aimed to evaluate a biofilter media, mainly composed by tomato waste, as packing material to reduce NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 losses from stored pig slurry. Three mixtures of packing materials, with and without oxalic acid, were arranged in treatments, namely: mixture of tomato waste, pine bark and agricultural compost; mixture of tomato waste and rice husk; tomato waste only. A control treatment (no biofilter) was also included. The experiments were conducted using a system of laboratory scale biofilters connected to jars filled with pig slurry and under a constant airflow rate. The gas concentrations were measured for 14 days and the physicochemical of the packing materials were assessed. Results showed that biofilter media mixtures had a potential for NH3 retention ranging from 51 to 77% and the addition of oxalic acid to these biofilters increased NH3 retention to 72–79%. Additionally, the biofilter media mixtures with and without oxalic acid showed a potential retention for CH4 (29–69%) but not for N2O, yet with no impact on the global warming potential. It can be concluded that tomato based biofilters had the potential to reduce gaseous emissions from slurry.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Dryer with Rice Husk Fuel for Agriculture Drying

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djaeni ◽  
N. Asiah ◽  
S Suherman ◽  
A. Sutanto ◽  
A. Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Heat Efficiency ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Energy usage is crucial aspect on agriculture drying process. This step spends about 70% of total energy in post harvest treatment. The design of efficient dryer with renewable energy source is urgently required due to the limitation of fossil fuel energy. This work discusses the performance of air dehumidification using rice husk fuel as heat source for onion, and paddy drying. Unlike conventional dryer, the humidity of air during the drying was dehumidified by adsorbent. Hence, the driving force of drying can be  kept high.  As consequences, the drying time and energy usage can be reduced. Here, the research was conducted in two step: laboratory and pilot scale tests. Results showed that the lowering air humidity with rice husk fuel has improved the energy efficiency. At operational temperature 60oC, the heat efficiency of 75%  was achieved. 

Quality Assessment and Mathematical Modeling of Hot-Air Convective Drying of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña ◽  
Nelson O. Moraga ◽  
Vilbett Briones-Labarca ◽  
Pablo Pacheco-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The influence of drying on the color, porosity, shrinkage and moisture of persimmon fruit during convective drying was determined by computer vision. The experiments were performed with persimmon fruit that were cut into slab 20 × 20 mm, which were arranged into a bigger slab, 60 × 60 mm. Drying process was carried out at 60 °C. Noticeable changes in quality parameters (color, porosity and shrinkage) could be observed during the drying process, where the central region of the sample evidenced less changes. Persimmon’s physical properties were experimentally obtained as the temperature function and heat and mass convective coefficients were adjusted as a time function. A numerical simulation using the Finite Volume Method allowed to describe the evolution of temperature and moisture content distributions during drying. The numerical and experimental results of temperature and moisture during persimmon drying were found to be in a good agreement.

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