scholarly journals Exogenous Hemin Confers Cadmium Tolerance by Decreasing Cadmium Accumulation and Modulating Water Status and Matter Accumulation in Maize Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Yao Meng ◽  
Shi Wei ◽  
Wanrong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Cd Distribution

Cadmium (Cd) contamination harms plant growth and human health. The application of hemin (ferroprotoporphyrin IX) can effectively relieve abiotic stresses in plants. This work investigates the effects of hemin on alleviating Cd toxicity and enhancing Cd tolerance in maize seedlings. In this study, maize seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solutions, with a combination of CdCl2 (464 μmol L−1) and hemin (100 μmol L−1). We measured plant growth status, water status, Cd concentration, and Cd distribution in maize seedlings. The results indicated that Cd stress increased Cd accumulation in plants and inhibited plant growth. However, hemin alleviated the growth inhibition and improved water balance, root morphology, and root vitality under Cd stress. Additionally, hemin increased 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), total phenolic content, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity to enhance tolerance to Cd stress. Hemin reduced Cd concentration, the translocation factor (TF), and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) in maize seedlings under Cd stress. Furthermore, hemin increased Cd concentrations in the cell wall and the soluble fraction of seedling roots, which helped reduce Cd transport from root to shoot. In summary, exogenous hemin could be used for alleviating adverse impacts on maize seedling induced by Cd stress.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Growth, Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance of Three Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
Jafar Khan ◽  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Ahmed Abdelfattah Elateeq ◽  
Uzma Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

Trace metals (TM) contamination is a severe problem in the environment and produced an adverse effect on the productivity of crops. Cadmium (Cd) is a TM ranked seven among the top 20 pollutants due to its high toxicity and solubility in water, taken up by the plants and affects their growth and metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the growth, Cd accumulation and tolerance capacities of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (NC234 (NC2), ICCV89310 (IC8) and ICCV89323-B (IC8-B)), subjected to two Cd concentrations (25 and 50 µM) in hydroponic culture. The toxicity of Cd reduced the plant height and fresh and dry biomass in all cultivars. The maximum reduction was observed at 50 µM of Cd. Compared with IC8-B, cultivars IC8 and NC2 exhibited better performance with high growth, biomass, root to shoot (R/S) ratio and water content under high Cd stress. To measure the accumulation of Cd in root and shoot, an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used. IC8 and NC2 had comparatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation ability (> 100 µg g−1 dry weight), with IC8 being more tolerant and accumulated higher Cd in shoot than NC2, while cultivar IC8-B was sensitive. Root accumulated more Cd than shoot in a dose-dependent manner. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) were far higher than one (> 1) and increased with an increase in Cd concentrations, while the translocation factor (TF) was less than one (< 1), suggesting that all the three cultivars were unable to transfer Cd from the root to the shoot efficiently. Our results indicated that IC8 and NC2 proved to be resistant, while IC8-B showed sensitivity when exposed to high Cd stress (50 µM).

scholarly journals Comparison of cadmium accumulation in upright and leaning poplar trees

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3422-3436
Author(s):  
Gong Rong ◽  
Yin Chu ◽  
Shengquan Liu ◽  
Lakchai Kataweteetham ◽  
Jiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Different Parts

Poplar 69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’ (I-69/55)) was chosen for a pot experiment to study the growth and the extraction of Cd from soil to various parts of the one-year-old trees growing in upright and artificial leaning (45°) patterns under different Cd stress. The results indicated considerable tolerance of both upright poplar (UP) and leaning poplar (LP) to Cd stress in the soil, though with significant inhibition from Cd application. LP demonstrated significantly lower height and basal diameter growth than UP. Cd concentrations in different parts of both UP and LP increased with the increase of Cd in the soil and it followed a general order as Bark > Leaf > Root > Stem. Different parts of poplar had average bio-concentration factor (BCF) ranges between 0.08 to 2.36, and average translocation factor (TF) between 0.67 to 7.92, indicating a big difference of phytoextraction ability among the parts, among the treatments, and between LP and UP. Average Cd concentration, BCF, and TF for each part of LP were higher than that of UP, but the difference was not significant. Significantly higher Cd concentration was found in the tension zone of stem wood than that in the opposite zone for LP.

scholarly journals Study on cadmium accumulation of different tomato rootstocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01116
Author(s):  
Yongmei Wu ◽  
Le Liang ◽  
Yongdong Xie ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Solanum Torvum

To investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the growth of different tomato rootstocks, the Cd content and transport efficient of rootstocks, the pot experiment was carried out with wild eggplant rootstocks Solanum torvum and Totosga, tomato rootstock “Dalishengen”, “Banzhen18” and “Guozhen1”. Under Cd stress, the plant heights of “Banzhe18” and “Dalishengen” were significantly higher than other; the main root lengths of Totosga and S. torvum were significantly longer than other. The dry weight of the “Banzhen18” was the highest, and the “Guozhen1” was the smallest. The order of Cd content in roots was S. torvum > Totosga > “Guozhen1” > “Banzhen18” > “Dalishengen”; the content of Cd in the stem of “Dalishengen” was the highest, and Totosga was the least. The order of Cd content in leaves was “Guozhen1” > “Dalishengen” > “Banzhen18” > Totosga > S. torvum. S. torvum had the smallest translocation factor, and “Dalishengen” had the biggest. Cd stress showed significant inter-specific differences in rootstock growth and Cd content. The plant height of tomato rootstock was significantly higher than the wild eggplant rootstock, and the main root length of wild eggplant rootstock was significantly longer than tomato rootstock. The Cd contents in S. torvum and Totosga mainly accumulated in the roots, so the Cd content in the aerial part was much lower than other.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

The complexity of wood ash fertilization disentangled: Effects on soil pH, nutrient status, plant growth and cadmium accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 104424
Author(s):  
Jesper Liengaard Johansen ◽  
Maiken Lundstad Nielsen ◽  
Mette Vestergård ◽  
Louise Hindborg Mortensen ◽  
Carla Cruz-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Wood Ash

scholarly journals Crude Citric Acid of Trichoderma asperellum: Tomato Growth Promotor and Suppressor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽  
WesamEldin I. A. Saber ◽  
Khalid M. Ghoneem ◽  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Amira A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments

Presently, the bioprocessing of agricultural residues to various bioactive compounds is of great concern, with the potential to be used as plant growth promoters and as a reductive of various diseases. Lycopersiconesculentum, one of the most consumed crops in the human diet, is attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, so the main aim is to biocontrol the pathogen. Several fungal species were isolated from decayed maize stover (MS). Trichodermaasperellum was chosen based on its organic acid productivity and was molecularly identified (GenBank accession number is MW195019). Citric acid (CA) was the major detected organic acid by HPLC. In vitro, CA of T.asperellum at 75% completely repressed the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In vivo, soaking tomato seeds in CA enhanced the seed germination and vigor index. T. asperellum and/or its CA suppressed the wilt disease caused by FOL compared to control. There was a proportional increment of plant growth and yield, as well as improvements in the biochemical parameters (chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic contents and peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities), suggesting targeting both the bioconversion of MS into CA and biological control of FOL.

scholarly journals Role of Two Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Remediating Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Combined with Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Shuming Liu ◽  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Yong Ma ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Cd Translocation

Miscanthus spp. are energy plants and excellent candidates for phytoremediation approaches of metal(loid)s-contaminated soils, especially when combined with plant growth-promoting bacteria. Forty-one bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soils and roots tissue of five dominant plants (Artemisia argyi Levl., Gladiolus gandavensis Vaniot Houtt, Boehmeria nivea L., Veronica didyma Tenore, and Miscanthus floridulus Lab.) colonizing a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated mining area (Huayuan, Hunan, China). We subsequently tested their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits (e.g., production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) and Cd tolerance. Among bacteria, two strains, Klebsiella michiganensis TS8 and Lelliottia jeotgali MR2, presented higher Cd tolerance and showed the best results regarding in vitro growth-promoting traits. In the subsequent pot experiments using soil spiked with 10 mg Cd·kg−1, we investigated the effects of TS8 and MR2 strains on soil Cd phytoremediation when combined with M. floridulus (Lab.). After sixty days of planting M. floridulus (Lab.), we found that TS8 increased plant height by 39.9%, dry weight of leaves by 99.1%, and the total Cd in the rhizosphere soil was reduced by 49.2%. Although MR2 had no significant effects on the efficiency of phytoremediation, it significantly enhanced the Cd translocation from the root to the aboveground tissues (translocation factor > 1). The combination of K. michiganensis TS8 and M. floridulus (Lab.) may be an effective method to remediate Cd-contaminated soils, while the inoculation of L. jeotgali MR2 may be used to enhance the phytoextraction potential of M. floridulus.

scholarly journals Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Güleray Ağar ◽  
Atilla Dursun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Fresh Leaf

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic and very mobile heavy metal that can be adsorbed and uptaken by plants in large quantities without any visible sign. Therefore, stabilization of Cd before uptake is crucial to the conservation of biodiversity and food safety. Owing to the high number of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in their structure, humic substances form strong bonds with heavy metals which makes them perfect stabilizing agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of humic and fulvic acid (HA + FA) levels (0, 3500, 5250, and 7000 mg/L) on alleviation of Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in garden cress (Lepidium sativum) contaminated with Cd (CdSO4.8H2O) (0, 100, and 200 Cd mg/kg) under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that, Cd stress had a negative effect on the growth of garden cress, decreased leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh and root dry weights, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and mineral content except for Cd, and increased the membrane permeability (MP) and enzyme (CAT, SOD and POD) activity. However, the HA + FA applications decreased the adverse effects of the Cd pollution. At 200 mg/kg Cd pollution, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L increased the leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh, root dry weights, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll reading value (CRV), MP, and LRWC values by 262%, 137%, 550%,133%, 92%, 104%, 34%, 537%, and 32% respectively, compared to the control. Although the highest H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose values were obtained at 200 mg/L Cd pollution, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully alleviated the deleterious effects of Cd stress by decreasing H2O2, MDA, proline, and sucrose values by 66%, 68%, 70%, and 56%, respectively at 200 mg/kg Cd pollution level. HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully mitigated the negative impacts of Cd pollution by enhanced N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B by 75%, 23%, 84%, 87%, 40%, 85%, 143%, 1%, 65%, and 115%, respectively. In addition, HA + FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully reduced Cd uptake by 95% and Cl uptake by 80%. Considering the plant growth parameters, the best results were determined when HA + FA concentration was 7000 mg/L. We have shown that, it is critical to apply a humic substance with high percentage of FA, which was 10% in this study, to mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plant growth. In conclusion, the application of HA + FA may be suggested as an effective solution for reducing the Cd uptake of the plants by stabilizing Cd in soil and preventing translocation of Cd from the roots of plant to its shoot and leaves.

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