scholarly journals A Framework for Identification of Stable Genotypes Based on MTSI and MGDII Indexes: An Example in Guar (Cymopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Niranjana Kumara Benakanahalli ◽  
Shankarappa Sridhara ◽  
Nandini Ramesh ◽  
Tiago Olivoto ◽  
Gangaprasad Sreekantappa ◽  
...  

Guar, the most popular vegetable, is tolerant of drought and is a valuable industrial crop enormously grown across India, Pakistan, USA, and South Africa for pharmaceutically and cosmetically usable galactomannan (gum) content present in seed endosperm. Guar genotypes with productive traits which could perform better in differential environmental conditions are of utmost priority for genotype selection. This could be achieved by employing multivariate trait analysis. In this context, Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI) and Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) were employed for identifying high-performing genotypes exhibiting multiple traits. In the current investigation, 85 guar accessions growing in different seasons were assessed for 15 morphological traits. The results obtained by MTSI and MGIDI indexes revealed that, out of 85, only 13 genotypes performed better across and within the seasons, and, based on the coincidence index, only three genotypes (IC-415106, IC-420320, and IC-402301) were found stable with high seed production in multi-environmental conditions. View on strengths and weakness as described by the MGIDI reveals that breeders concentrated on developing genotype with desired traits, such as quality of the gum and seed yield. The strength of the ideal genotypes in the present work is mainly focused on high gum content, short crop cycle, and high seed yield possessing good biochemical traits. Thus, MTSI and MGIDI serve as a novel tool for desired genotype selection process simultaneously in plant breeding programs across multi-environments due to uniqueness and ease in interpreting data with minimal multicollinearity issues.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento ◽  
Antonella Lavini

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a popular legume crop in the Mediterranean region, widely grown for its nutritious seeds and improving soil fertility. Lentil yield is a critical and challenging trait for crop genetic improvement because it is influenced by various factors that have detrimental effects on seed yields and seed quality traits. This research was carried out in Italy between 2017 and 2019 to identify high-performing stable genotypes presenting multiple desirable traits and to assess the seed quality of 13 lentil accessions in the field. According to the results of the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), (1) only three accessions (Altamura, Easton, and Caltagirone) fared better in various environmental conditions, and (2) the selected accessions had strength toward seed yield (SY), above-ground biomass (AGB), and 1000-seed weight (THS). The genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects were highly significant for all traits. During the third growing season, most lentil accessions were sensitive to frost. There was no correlation between lentil seed yield and protein concentration. The MTSI is a useful tool for breeders interested in selecting accessions based on their mean performance and stability, as well as desirable traits and minimum multicollinearity issues.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Epifanova ◽  
О.А. Timoshkin

Исследования проводили на опытном поле Пензенского ИСХ филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК в 2013-2016 годах. Цель исследований оценить продуктивность новых сортообразцов люцерны и параметры их адаптивности к лимитирующим факторам среды при возделывании в одновидовом посеве. В среднем за годы исследований продуктивность сухого вещества сортообразцов люцерны колебалась от 6,72 до 12,21 т/га в зависимости от индекса условий среды (Ii -3,55-1,85). Лучшим по продуктивности является сортообразец Популяция 11/15 с урожайностью 11,42 т/га ( 7,6 к st.). Изменчивость продуктивности сухого вещества варьирует от 23,0 до 27,2, что характеризует среднюю стабильность признака. Изучаемые образцы люцерны показали высокую экологическую адаптивность и пластичность, значения bi варьировали в пределах 0,86-1,26. Наиболее стабильными и пластичными по продуктивности сухого вещества являются сортообразцы: Стабильная bi 0,90 dr2 1,11 Популяция 10/14 bi 0,98 dr2 0,68. Семенная продуктивность образцов люцерны в среднем за годы исследований колебалась от 0,36 до 0,67 т/га в зависимости от индекса условий среды (Ii 0,150,15). Лучшим по урожайности семян является сортообразец Мечта Биотип 4 0,67 т/га ( 21,8 к st.). Изменчивость урожайности семян у стандарта Камелия была слабой 9,4 средняя изменчивость урожайности (24,1-27,4) была у образцов Популяция 8, Корнеотпрысковая 1 и Корнеотпрысковая 2. Более высоким показателем уровня стабильности сорта характеризовались стандарт Камелия и Мечта Биотип 4, индекс стабильности (ИС) которых составил 0,18 и 0,32, соответственно. Наиболее стабильными и пластичными сортами по урожайности семян являются сортообразцы: Популяция 11/15 bi -1,05 dr2 0,16 Стабильная bi -0,90 dr2 0,16 ПП урожай 07 bi -1,04 dr2 0,08.The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Penza Institute of Agriculture - a branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Bast Crops in 2013-2016. The aim of the research was to evaluate the productivity of new alfalfa varieties and the parameters of their adaptability to limiting environmental factors when grown in a single-species cultivation. On average, over the years of research, the dry matter productivity of alfalfa varieties varied from 6.72 to 12.21 t/ha depending on the index of environmental conditions (Ii-3.55-1.85). The best in productivity was the Populyatsiya 11/15 variety with a yield of 11.42 t/ha ( 7.6 to st.). The variability of dry matter productivity varied from 23.0 to 27.2, which characterizes the average stability of the trait. The studied alfalfa samples showed high environmental adaptability and plasticity, the bi values varied in the range of 0.86-1.26. The most stable and flexible in terms of dry matter productivity were the following varieties: Stabilnaya - bi 0.90 dr2 1.11 Populyatsiya 10/14 - bi 0.98 dr2 0.68. The seed productivity of alfalfa samples on average over the years of research ranged from 0.36 to 0.67 t/ha depending on the index of environmental conditions (Ii - 0.15...0.15).The best variety in terms of seed yield was the Mechta Biotype 4 variety - 0.67 t/ha ( 21.8 to st.). The variability of seed yields of the Kamellia standard was weak - 9.4 the average yield variability (24.1-27.4) was in the Populyatsiya 8, Korneotpryskovaya 1 and Korneotpryskovaya 2 varieties. The Kamellia standard and Mechta Biotype 4, which stability index (SI) was 0.18 and 0.32, respectively, were characterized by a higher level of stability of the variety. The most stable and flexible varieties in terms of seed yield were the varieties: Populyatsiya 11/15 - bi -1.05 dr2 0.16 Stabilnaya - bi -0.90 dr2 0.16 PP urozhaj 07 - bi -1.04 dr2 0.08.


Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
О. V. Mantseva ◽  
N. V. Gorbacheva

The basic moments of a process of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes for apple breeding with polyploidy using are demonstrated. In industrial terms, triploids are of the greatest importance. The manifested effect of heterosis leads to the improvement of many characteristics - higher resistance to diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions, greater autogamy than in diploids, less pronounced periodicity of fruiting, larger fruits and a convenient crown for harvesting. Triploids are developed as a result of crosses 2n × 3n or 2n × 4n. Tetraploids are necessary for more successful apple breeding with polyploidy using. For industry they are not of great importance but they are of interest as donors of diploid non-reduced gametes and allow to make the selection process more directional. One of the methods of experimental polyploidy is the induction of polyploids using mutagenes. The germs were treated with colchicines at concentrations 0.1% - 0.4% during 24 and 48 hours. According to the morphology the obtained plants were divided into five groups. Colchicine concentrations 0.3% and 0.4% during 48 hours of the treatment had a disastrous impact on the development of germs. As a result of the cytological analysis, tetraploids and chimeras were revealed, which were obtained from the seeds from the open pollination of Orlik and Svezhest (treatment variants – 0,1% colchicines solution and 24 and 48 hours of exposition), as well as from the seeds obtained as a result of the Svezhest × Bolotovskoye crossing. Tetraploids had a normal growth but they differed in large leaves, while chimeras were of low size with normal leaves and internodes.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Eigo Tochimoto ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta ◽  
Leonardo Bagaglini ◽  
Roberto Ingrosso ◽  
Hiroshi Niino

Characteristics of extratropical cyclones that cause tornadoes in Italy are investigated. Tornadoes between 2007 and 2016 are analyzed, and statistical analysis of the associated cyclone structures and environments is performed using the JRA-55 reanalysis. Tornadoes are distributed sporadically around the cyclone location within a window of 10° × 10°. The difference in the cyclone tracks partially explains the seasonal variability in the distribution of tornadoes. The highest number of tornadoes occur south of the cyclone centers, mainly in the warm sector, while a few are observed along the cold front. Composite mesoscale parameters are examined to identify the environmental conditions associated with tornadoes in different seasons. Potential instability is favorable to tornado development in autumn. The highest convective available potential energy (CAPE) in this season is associated with relatively high-temperature and humidity at low-levels, mainly due to the strong evaporation over the warm Mediterranean Sea. Upper-level potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and the associated cold air reduce the static stability above the cyclone center, mainly in spring and winter. On average, the values of CAPE are lower than for US tornadoes and comparable with those occurring in Japan, while storm relative helicity (SREH) is comparable with US tornadoes and higher than Japanese tornadoes, indicating that the environmental conditions for Italian tornadoes have peculiar characteristics. Overall, the conditions emerging in this study are close to the high-shear, low-CAPE environments typical of cool-season tornadoes in the Southeastern US.


1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saindon ◽  
G. B. Schaalje

Genotype × environment (GE) effects in regional registration trials for dry beans in western Canada were studied to determine whether geographic distribution of sites could be rationalized. The structure of the GE effects on the maturity, seed weight and seed yield of seven dry bean check cultivars grown at eight locations during 4 yr was investigated using GE mean squares decomposition, cluster analysis and the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method. The analyses revealed a high level of redundancy in the locations which suggested that most GE effects can be captured with fewer testing sites. The partition of the GE mean squares demonstrated the possibility of reproducing the GE structure of the entire data sets with as few as three sites; however, more locations may be needed to compensate for unpredictable environmental effects. Based on biological interpretation of groupings and visual assessment of the AMMI displays, a five-location set fully represented the GE effects on maturity, seed weight and seed yield and accounted for the inconsistent clustering of the Brooks site for the three traits. Also, the set should allow for site losses due to unpredictable environmental events. The dry bean industry in western Canada is expanding to non-traditional growing areas and the establishment of trials in these areas should be considered as they may create GE effects not considered to date. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., genotype × environment interactions, cluster analysis, AMMI analysis


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Shahzad ◽  
Mumtaz Hussain ◽  
Hassan Munir ◽  
Muhammad Arfan

Abstract Exploring extractable phytochemicals from locally adapted sisal plant vegetation vary seasonally at different locations. This study elaborated proximate composition and phytochemical heterogeneity in sisal due to varying environmental conditions analyzed from five districts, i.e., Chakwal, Khushab, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, and Layyah in Punjab, Pakistan. Extensive surveying and plant sampling across two years 2017-18 and 2018-19, during mid-spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons were carried out for understanding the seasonal impact on sisal. The present study was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and analyzed considering seasonal, yearly, and locational impact. The spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons. Autumn season reflected saponins, tannins, and flavonoids in higher concentrations during 2018-19 while steroids and terpenoids were higher during spring 2018-19. While Spatio-temporal variations in the proximate analysis were more apparent in different samples collected from different districts. Data recorded for the Khushab district and autumn season reflected the higher composition of a proximate analysis and phytochemical contents as compared to other seasons. Overall, the spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with soils and environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons in selected districts.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1907-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Goeschen ◽  
Uta Wille

Manufactured polymer materials are used in increasingly demanding applications, but their lifetime is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. In particular, weathering and ageing leads to dramatic changes in the properties of the polymers, which results in decreased service life and limited usage. Despite the heavy reliance of our society on polymers, the mechanism of their degradation upon exposure to environmental oxidants is barely understood. In this work, model systems of important structural motifs in commercial high-performing polyesters were used to study the reaction with the night-time free radical oxidant NO3 • in the absence and presence of other radical and non-radical oxidants. Identification of the products revealed ‘hot spots’ in polyesters that are particularly vulnerable to attack by NO3 • and insight into the mechanism of oxidative damage by this environmentally important radical. It is suggested that both intermediates as well as products of these reactions are potentially capable of promoting further degradation processes in polyesters under environmental conditions.


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Nadeem ◽  
Tolga Karaköy ◽  
Mehmet Zahit Yeken ◽  
Ephrem Habyarimana ◽  
Ruştu Hatipoğlu ◽  
...  

Plant landraces represent a repository of a gene pool, local adaptation of their domestic species, and thereby are considered a great source of genetic variations. Such genetic variation can be helpful to mitigate the current and future food challenges. A total of 183 common bean accessions including three commercial varieties collected from 19 Turkish provinces were grown to record their morpho-agronomic variations and to evaluate the best performing accessions under multi-environmental conditions. Plant height, days to maturity, pods weight, seed length, and 100-seed weight were used to evaluate the best performing accessions under different environmental conditions. A wide range of variations for traits like days to maturity (99–161), plant height (21–168.7 cm), seed length (7.41–16.4 mm), seeds per plant (17.8–254.4), and 100-seeds weight (24.97–73.8 g) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. The analytic results derived from the first three eigenvectors suggested that plant height, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering were biologically significant bean traits. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant weight and pods weight. Genotype × environment biplot discriminated the studied common bean accessions based on their plant height and growth habit. Plant height, days to maturity, seed width, and first pod height were found highly heritable traits and were least affected by environmental forces. Among 19 provinces, accessions of Bilecik showed maximum pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, while Erzincan and Sivas provinces reflected the prevalence of bushy and early maturing accessions. Information provided herein comprehensively explored the occurrence of genotypic variations which can be used for the development of candidate varieties responding to breeder, farmer, and consumer preferences.


Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (63) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Natalija Markova Ruzdik ◽  
Ilija Karov ◽  
Sasa Mitrev ◽  
Biljana Gjorgjieva ◽  
Biljana Kovacevik ◽  
...  

AbstractEvaluation and characterization of sunflower hybrids using morphological, physiological and biochemical data are necessary and essential in sunflower breeding programs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the productive possibilities of some sunflower hybrids grown in Macedonian environmental conditions. The experiment was carried out during the period 2013 and 2014 on the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, “Goce Delchev” University – Shtip, in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. Total 20 sunflower hybrids were used as an experimental material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The average content of oil and oleic acid were 45.6 and 65.2%, respectively. The highest seed yield from all sunflower hybrids was obtained for the hybrid NLK12M144 (3,344 kg ha–1) and the lowest for hybrid NLK12S126 (2,244 kg ha–1). Cluster analysis classified the sunflower hybrids into four groups based on agronomic traits and seed yield. Most of the hybrids were included in cluster I and III (7 hybrids) followed by cluster IV. Using principal component analysis two main components have been extracted, with eigenvalue greater than one. They account for 72.99% of the variability in the original data. Only four hybrids had positive values for both main components (NLK12M144, NLK12S070, NLK12S125 and NLN12N011 DMR). The results from this study can be used to identify the best sunflower hybrids grown under Macedonian environmental conditions and to select the superior hybrids for future exploitation.


1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Esteve-Coll

There is a fundamental dichotomy between conservation and access. The ambiguity which clouds discussion on the issue starts with the selection process. Who selects what for whom. Librarians are trained to be objective in the selection process using tried and tested tools. Much material from the mid-19th century is in an unusable state and until really cheap mass deacidification or paper strengthening programmes are started, conservation must rely on microform to supply the user with required material. Digitisation is no substitute for the microform. Increasing use of personal computers will familiarise our readers with material outside their specific sphere of interest and will stimulate demand for access to original material. Conservation of some art forms distorts the artist’s intention and should be avoided. Research has demonstrated that the environmental conditions for storage are more flexible than hitherto believed. This will have a bearing on international loan exhibitions. Librarians and conservators should make common cause to serve the user and allow maximum appropriate access.


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