The Addition of Selenium to the Nutrient Solution Decreases Cadmium Toxicity in Pepper Plants Grown under Hydroponic Conditions

Cadmium is absorbed by plants rapidly and without control through the same channels as other essential metals, interfering with their transport and utilization. Many studies have shown that selenium could be utilized as a way to avoid this unwanted transport and other negative effects of Cd. For this reason, the present research study was conducted with four treatments (−Cd/−Se, +Cd/−Se, +Cd/+SeF, and +Cd/+SeR) to determine the type of application of Se that is best (foliarly and/or via the root) as regards the reduction of the toxic effects of Cd on plants. Our results showed that the Cd excess in the nutrient solution resulted in a decrease in the total dry biomass of the plants grown under these conditions, and this decrease was due to the reduction of the growth of the shoot (48% +Cd/−Se, 45% +Cd/+SeF, and 38% +Cd/+SeR, relative to −Cd/−Se). This reduction in growth was due to: (i) the toxicity of Cd itself and (ii) the nutritional disequilibrium suffered by the plants. It seems that under hydroponic conditions, the addition of Se to the nutrient solution, and therefore its absorption through the roots (lower antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase, H2O2 concentration and higher catalase activity), greatly delayed and reduced the toxic effects of Cd on the pepper plants, as opposed to the foliar application of this element.

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An experiment to investigate the ameliorative effects of foliar potassium phosphate sprays on salt-stressed strawberry plants

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00164 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 995 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Cengiz Kaya ◽

Halil Kirnak ◽

David Higgs

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution

A pot experiment was carried out with strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) cvv. Oso Grande and Camarosa in sand culture to investigate the effects of foliar application of 4 mM KH2PO4to plants grown both at high NaCl concentration (35 mM) supplied via roots and in complete nutrient solution. Treatments were (1) nutrient solution (C); (2) nutrient solution + 4 mM KH2PO4 as a foliar application (C+Fo); (3) nutrient solution + 35 mM NaCl (C+S); and (4) nutrient solution + 35 mM sodium chloride + 4 mM KH2PO4as a foliar application twice weekly (C+S+Fo). The plants grown at high NaCl had less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll content than those grown in normal nutrient solution for both cultivars. Foliar KH2PO4sprays ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth and fruit yield. Water use by plants decreased with elevated NaCl and increased with foliar KH2PO4 sprays. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl and was reduced by KH2PO4 sprays. Sodium concentration in plant tissues increased in both cultivars in the high NaCl treatment. Concentrations of P and K were in the deficient range in plants grown at high NaCl and these deficiencies were corrected by foliar KH2PO4.

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Influence of foliar-applied calcium nitrate on strawberry plants grown under salt-stressed conditions

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea01110 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 631 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. Kaya ◽

B. E. Ak ◽

D. Higgs ◽

B. Murillo-Amador

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

High Salinity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Negative Effects

A pot experiment was carried out with strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivars Oso Grande and Camarosa in sand culture to investigate the effects of foliar-applied calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] to plants grown at high salinity (NaCl, 35 mmol/L). Treatments were (i) nutrient solution alone (C), (ii) nutrient solution + Ca(NO3)2 (9 mmol/L) as a foliar application (C+Fo), (iii) nutrient solution + NaCl (35 mmol/L) (C+S) and (iv)�nutrient solution + NaCl (35 mmol/L) + Ca(NO3)2 (9 mmol/L) as a foliar application twice weekly (C+S+Fo). The plants grown at high NaCl had less dry matter and lower fruit yield and chlorophyll content than those grown in normal nutrient solution for both cultivars. Foliar Ca(NO3)2 sprays ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth, chlorophyll content and fruit yield. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl and was reduced by Ca(NO3)2 sprays. Sodium concentration in plant tissues increased in both cultivars in the high NaCl treatment. Concentrations of calcium and nitrogen were much lower in plants grown in high NaCl than in unstressed plants and foliar Ca(NO3)2 sprays increased concentrations of both nutrients.

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Morphoanatomical characteristics of leaves of Anacardium othonianum seedlings subjected to different nitrogen doses under hydroponic conditions

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt16239 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Layara A. Bessa ◽

Marialva A. Moreira ◽

Fabiano G. Silva ◽

Luciana C. Vitorino ◽

Cássia L. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Quantitative Anatomy ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

N Dose ◽

Cashew Tree ◽

Hydroponic Conditions

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that plants generally require in large amounts. Knowing the nitrogen dose that stimulates primary and secondary metabolic pathways is important for the management of nitrogen fertilisation in plants in general; however, this information is still unavailable for seedlings of the cerrado cashew tree. Based on the hypothesis that the availability of nitrogen for Anacardium othonianum Rizz. seedlings can affect can affect the development of anatomical structures, as well as the synthesis of secondary metabolism compounds in leaves, an experiment was conducted to determine the qualitative and quantitative anatomy this tissue collected from plants of this species subjected to N doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 mmol L−1 in nutrient solution and evaluated the effect at 30 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). The largest leaf morphoanatomical changes were observed under the doses of 0 and 15.0 mmol L−1 of N. The lowest stomatal density being observed in the plants exposed to an N dose of 15 mmol L−1. The level of flavonoids was not influenced by the availability of N in the solution; however, the absence of nitrogen directly affected the accumulation of phenolic compounds, alkaloids and polysaccharides present in the leaves, whereas the doses of 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mmol L−1 were essential to stimulate the presence of this latter compound in cerrado-cashew-tree seedlings maintained in nutrient solution. Regarding the epochs of evaluation, effect was observed only for the thickness of the adaxial epidermis. These data confirm the hypothesis that the leaf anatomy as well as the accumulation of secondary metabolism compounds in leaves of A. ohonianum can be modified because of the availability of N to the plant.

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Cadmium toxicity in animal cells by interference with essential metals

Biochimie ◽

10.1016/j.biochi.2006.05.013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 1807-1814 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

A. Martelli ◽

E. Rousselet ◽

C. Dycke ◽

A. Bouron ◽

J.-M. Moulis

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Essential Metals ◽

Animal Cells

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Silicon Foliar Application Mitigates Salt Stress in Sweet Pepper Plants by Enhancing Water Status, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Fruit Yield

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 733 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khaled A. A. Abdelaal ◽

Yasser S.A. Mazrou ◽

Yaser M. Hafez

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Status ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Pepper Plants

Silicon is one of the most significant elements in plants under abiotic stress, so we investigated the role of silicon in alleviation of the detrimental effects of salinity at two concentrations (1500 and 3000 ppm sodium chloride) in sweet pepper plants in two seasons (2018 and 2019). Our results indicated that relative water content, concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, number of fruits plant−1, fruit fresh weight plant−1 (g) and fruit yield (ton hectare−1) significantly decreased in salt-stressed sweet pepper plants as compared to control plants. In addition, electrolyte leakage, proline, lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, soluble sugars, sucrose, and starch content as well as sodium content significantly increased under salinity conditions. Conversely, foliar application of silicon led to improvements in concentrations of chlorophyll a and b and mineral nutrients, water status, and fruit yield of sweet pepper plants. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, levels of superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide were decreased with silicon treatments.

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Effect of Defoliation and Fe and Mn Spraying on Quality and Quantity Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb336225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farshid VAZIN ◽

Mojtaba HASSANZADEHDELOUEI ◽

Mohamadjavad KHERADMAND

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Combined Use ◽

Fe And Mn ◽

Defoliation Treatment ◽

Severe Leaf

The study was aimed at identifying the amount of reduction in the negative effects of leaf removal on both quality and quantity of sunflower as a result of foliar application of Fe and Mn. Severe leaf removal reduced the seed yield and seed weight to 11% and 10.5% respectively. The use of Fe in comparison to control increased the seed yield and seed weight up to 12% and 10% respectively. The use of Mn in comparison to control caused an increase in seed number up to 11.6% but caused a reduction in seed weight to 10%. The use of Fe in normal foliar defoliation treatment (40% defoliation) caused a significant increase in seed yield but no significant effect was observed in sever defoliation treatment (80% defoliation). Although using Mn in all treatments led to a rise in seed yield, the effect was not significant, it could be concluded that the combined use of Mn and Fe had no significant influence on sunflower yield, so there might be an antagonistic effect between the two.

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Uptake and Phytotoxicity of Tebuthiuron

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500033725 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 390-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

W.G. Steinert ◽

J.F. Stritzke

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Gold Rush ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Primary Activity ◽

Treated Leaf

Differences in the phytotoxicity of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimehtylurea) to nine plant species were observed on the basis of calculated GR50values. Japanese brome (Bromus japonicusThunb.) with a GR50value of 0.016 ppmw was the most susceptible and corn (Zea maysL. ‘Gold Rush’) with a GR50value of 0.436 ppmw the least susceptible. There was some growth suppression with foliar application but primary activity on all species was attributed to root uptake. The most significant translocation of labeled tebuthiuron was to the tops of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) plants treated through the nutrient solution where 24.5% of the total amount recovered was detected after 24 h. Only 7.3% of the total amount recovered was detected in the top of rye (Secale cerealeL. ‘Elbon’) plants with the same treatment. With both species, more than 90% of the radioactivity recovered following foliar treatments was still in the treated leaf after 24 h. Less than 5.5% of the recovered activity for both species was in the tops, less than 3% in the roots, and less than 1.5% was in the nutrient solution.

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Effect of calcium applications on ion accumulation in different organs of pepper plant under salt stress

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00231

Author(s):

F. Yasar ◽

O. Uzal

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Climate Chamber ◽

Water Culture ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Physiology Laboratory ◽

Different Levels ◽

Pepper Plants

The present study was carried out in a climate chamber and water culture of physiology laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture. Demre pepper varieties are used in the study of different levels of calcium (Ca) morphological and biochemical effects of pepper plants under salt stress were investigated. The study was carried out in 16/8 hour light / dark photoperiod, 25 oC and % 70 humid climate chamber in controlled conditions. In order to determine the biochemical changes occurring in stressed plants, the amount of ions Na, K, Ca, Cl in root, stem and leaves of plants and Ca/Na ratio were determined. The accumulation of Na and Cl ions was found to decrease in root, stem and leaves as the dose of Ca increased. It can be said that increasing doses of Ca applications under salt stress are partially effective in reducing the negative effects of salt.

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Influence of Sub- Versus Top-irrigation and Surfactants in a Recirculating System on Disease Incidence Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Potted Pepper Plants

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.10.1147 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (10) ◽

pp. 1147-1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. E. Stanghellini ◽

C. J. Nielsen ◽

D. H. Kim ◽

S. L. Rasmussen ◽

P. A. Rorbaugh

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cultural System ◽

Phytophthora Spp ◽

Recycled Nutrient Solution ◽

Pepper Plants ◽

Ebb And Flow

Zoospores of Phytophthora capsici spread from inoculated source plants to healthy potted pepper plants located on separate ebb-and-flow benches when the recycled nutrient solution originated from a common reservoir. Amending the recirculating nutrient solution with a surfactant, which selectively kills zoospores, resulted in 100% control of the spread of the pathogen in an ebb-and-flow and a top-irrigated cultural system. Without a surfactant in the recirculating nutrient solution, all plants in an ebb-and-flow cultural system died within 6 weeks. In contrast, all plants in a top-irrigated cultural system died within 2 weeks after inoculation of source plants. These results suggest that the use of recycled irrigation water in an ebb-and-flow cultural system is less conducive to pathogen spread than its use in a top-irrigated cultural system, but may still serve as efficient means of inoculum movement in the absence of control measures.

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Molybdenum deficiency in wheat results in lower dormancy levels via reduced ABA

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258500002373 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 329-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. T. Modi ◽

A. L. P. Cairns

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Enhanced Sensitivity ◽

Aba Content ◽

Endogenous Aba

AbstractWheat which was grown in acid-washed sand and irrigated with a molybdenum-free nutrient solution was treated with various concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) as a foliar spray at the flag leaf stage. At maturity, dormancy levels and abscisic acid (ABA) content of the seed were determined. Seed dormancy and ABA content increased with increasing rates of Mo application. In a field experiment, wheat (cv. SST 66) was treated with 100 ppm Mo by foliar application at the flag leaf stage. Embryos were tested for sensitivity to exogenously applied ABA. Embryos from Mo-treated plants showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA-induced inhibition of germination. The Mo application also resulted in significantly higher levels of endogenous ABA and Mo in the seeds. It is postulated that Mo deficiency leads to a lack of dormancy in wheat via reduced synthesis of ABA.

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