scholarly journals Serial Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with Late Blight Resistance in Potato Cultivar Qingshu 9

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Miaomiao He ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Guangji Ye ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Yuling Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Myb Genes

The late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) has been a major constraint for worldwide sustainable potato production. Chinese potato cultivar Qingshu 9 has shown excellent field performance against late blight. To understand the mechanism underlying its resistance, the transcriptomic dynamics of Qingshu 9 infected with P. infestans was systematically investigated to identify the resistance-related genes. In total, 2027 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when infected with P. infestans at 24, 48 and 72 h post-inoculation. Based on k-mean cluster analysis, the DEGs showed four types of expression patterns, suggesting their divergent functions in response to P. infestans infection. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the significantly enriched DEGs were involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interaction, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, 980 transcription factor genes belonging to 68 families were found in the DEGs, of which AP2-EREBP and MYB genes were the most abundant. Moreover, many genes related to disease resistance showed differential expression during infection. Finally, the expression of nine DEGs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These results provide valuable information for understanding late resistance in potato cultivar Qingshu 9.

Developmentally distinct MYB genes encode functionally equivalent proteins in Arabidopsis

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Lee ◽  
J. Schiefelbein
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Myb Genes ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The duplication and divergence of developmental control genes is thought to have driven morphological diversification during the evolution of multicellular organisms. To examine the molecular basis of this process, we analyzed the functional relationship between two paralogous MYB transcription factor genes, WEREWOLF (WER) and GLABROUS1 (GL1), in Arabidopsis. The WER and GL1 genes specify distinct cell types and exhibit non-overlapping expression patterns during Arabidopsis development. Nevertheless, reciprocal complementation experiments with a series of gene fusions showed that WER and GL1 encode functionally equivalent proteins, and their unique roles in plant development are entirely due to differences in their cis-regulatory sequences. Similar experiments with a distantly related MYB gene (MYB2) showed that its product cannot functionally substitute for WER or GL1. Furthermore, an analysis of the WER and GL1 proteins shows that conserved sequences correspond to specific functional domains. These results provide new insights into the evolution of the MYB gene family in Arabidopsis, and, more generally, they demonstrate that novel developmental gene function may arise solely by the modification of cis-regulatory sequences.

scholarly journals Identification of Avramr1 from Phytophthora infestans using long read and cDNA pathogen-enrichment sequencing (PenSeq)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Tianqiao Song ◽  
Sebastian Fairhead ◽  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Agathe Jouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
List Type ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Solanum Americanum

SummaryPotato late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, significantly hampers potato production. Recently, a new Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi) gene, Rpi-amr1, was cloned from a wild Solanum species, Solanum americanum. Identification of the corresponding recognized effector (Avirulence, or Avr) genes from P. infestans is key to elucidating their naturally occurring sequence variation, which in turn informs the potential durability of the cognate late blight resistance.To identify the P. infestans effector recognized by Rpi-amr1, we screened available effector libraries and used long read and cDNA pathogen-enrichment sequencing (PenSeq) on four P. infestans isolates to explore the untested effectors.By using SMRT and cDNA PenSeq, we identified 47 highly expressed effectors from P. infestans, including PITG_07569 which triggers a highly specific cell death response when transiently co-expressed with Rpi-amr1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting that PITG_07569 is Avramr1.Here we demonstrate that long read and cDNA PenSeq enables the identification of full-length RxLR effector families, and their expression profile. This study has revealed key insights into the evolution and polymorphism of a complex RxLR effector family that is associated with the recognition by Rpi-amr1.

scholarly journals Artemovets is a new potato cultivar bred in Far East of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Н.А. Сакара ◽  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
Т.С. Тарасова ◽  
Е.А. Симаков ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Far East ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
State Register ◽  
Competitive Test

В результате селекционной работы на Приморской овощной опытной станции выведен среднеспелый сорта картофеля. Основной метод создания сорта – межвидовая гибридизация с использованием в качестве исходного материала лучших сортов мировой коллекции и сложных межвидовых гибридов – доноров тех или иных ценных признаков. Изучали 2010 одноклубневых гибридов из 15 комбинаций селекции ФГБНУ Всероссийский НИИ картофелеводства имени А.Г. Лорха. Принцип подбора исходного материала картофеля соответствовал целевому назначению для юга Дальнего Востока: сорт должен быть среднеспелым и устойчив к фитофторозу. Селекционный материал изучали по общепринятой в России методике. Погодные условия в период проведения исследований (2009–2017 годы) были наиболее благоприятными в 2014 и 2017 годах, когда урожайность гибридов составила 40 т/га и выше, и крайне неблагоприятными в 2016 году из-за избыточного выпадения осадков и эпифитотийного развития фитофтороза, в результате в большинстве случаев урожайность составила всего 8–10 т/га. Сильное развитие фитофтороза также отмечалось в 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015 и 2017 годах, что дало возможность достоверно оценить селекционный материал на устойчивость к этому очень вредоносному заболеванию картофеля. По результатам оценки из 2010 гибридов до конкурсного испытания дошло только два гибрида, в том числе под селекционным номером 1615–85, который имел существенное преимущество перед стандартом по урожайности и устойчивости к фитофторозу. Этот гибрид 1615–85 под названием Артемовец был передан в государственное испытание в 2017 году. По результатам этого испытания в 2018–2019 годах сорт Артемовец включен в Госреестр селекционных достижений РФ по Дальневосточному региону с 2020 года. As result of breeding work a new potato cultivar is bred at Primorye vegetable breeding experimental station. The main method of creating a potato cultivar is interspecific hybridization using the best cultivars of the world's collection as the source material and complex interspecific hybrids – donors of certain valuable traits. We studied 2010 single-club hybrids from 15 breeding combinations of the All-Russian research Institute of potato production named after A. G. Lorch. The principle of selecting the source material of potatoes corresponded to the intended purpose for the South of the Far East – the cultivar should be medium-ripened and resistant to late blight. Breeding material was studied according to accepted in Russia methodology. Weather conditions during the research period (2009–2017) were most favorable in 2014 and 2017, when the yield of hybrids was 40 t/ha or higher, and extremely unfavorable in 2016 due to excessive precipitation and epiphytotic development of late blight, as a result, in most cases, the yield was only 8–10 t/ha. Strong development of late blight was also noted in 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2017, which made it possible to reliably assess the selection material for resistance to this very harmful potato disease. According to the results of the evaluation of 2010 hybrids, only two hybrids reached the competitive test, including under the selection number 1615–85, which had a significant advantage over the standard for yield and resistance to late blight. This hybrid 1615–85 called Artemovets was passed to the state test in 2017. According to the results of this test in 2018–2019, Artemovets cultivar is included in the state register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation for the far Eastern region from 2020.

scholarly journals Expression of the Potato Late Blight Resistance Gene Rpi-phu1 and Phytophthora infestans Effectors in the Compatible and Incompatible Interactions in Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽  
Marta Brylińska ◽  
Jadwiga Śliwka
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Additional Resistance

This study describes late blight resistance of potato breeding lines resulting from crosses between cultivar ‘Sárpo Mira’ and Rpi-phu1 gene donors. The progeny is investigated for the presence of Rpi-Smira1 and Rpi-phu1 resistance (R) genes. Interestingly, in detached-leaflet tests, plants with both R genes withstood the infection of the Phytophthora infestans isolate virulent to each gene separately, due to either interaction of these genes or the presence of additional resistance loci. The interaction was studied further in three chosen breeding lines on the transcriptional level. The Rpi-phu1 expression, measured over 5 days, revealed different patterns depending on the outcome of the interaction with P. infestans: it increased in infected plants whereas it remained low and stable when infection was unsuccessful. The expression patterns of P. infestans effectors Avr-vnt1, AvrSmira1, and Avr8, recognized by the Rpi-phu1, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2 genes, respectively, were evaluated in the same experimental setup. This is the first report that the Avr-vnt1 effector expression is not switched off permanently in virulent isolates to avoid recognition by an R protein but can reappear in a postbiotrophic phase and is present constantly when infecting plants without the corresponding R gene. Both a plant and a pathogen can react to the other interacting side by changing the transcript accumulation of R genes or effectors.

scholarly journals South American species Solanum alandiae Card. and S. okadae Hawkes et Hjerting as potential sources of genes for potato late blight resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
O. A. Muratova (Fadina) ◽  
M. P. Beketova ◽  
M. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
E. V. Rogozina ◽  
E. E. Khavkin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Interspecific Potato Hybrids

For several decades, wild species of Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. have been involved in potato cultivar breeding for robust resistance to pests and diseases. Potato late blight (LB) is caused by oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and the genes for race-specific resistance to P. infestans (Rpi genes) have been introgressed into cultivated potatoes by remote crosses and trans- or cisgenesis, first from S. demissum Buk. and, more recently, from other wild species, such as S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché, and S. venturii Hawkes et Hjerting (according to the nomenclature by Hawkes, 1990). Most wild species already involved in breeding for LB resistance came from North and Central Americas: series Bulbocastana (Rydb.) Hawkes, Demissa Buk. and Longipedicellata Buk., and some Rpi genes of these species have been already characterized in much detail. Rpi genes of South American species, including the series Tuberosa (Rydb.) Hawkes, have not been sufficiently investigated. Among the latter, this study focuses on the Rpi genes of S. alandiae Card. and S. okadae Hawkes et Hjerting. Four accessions of S. alandiae, one accession of S. okadae and 11 clones of interspecific potato hybrids comprising S. alandiae germplasm from the VIR collection were PCR-screened using specific SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers for eight Rpi genes. SCAR amplicons of five Rpi genes registered in this study were validated by comparing their sequences with those of prototype genes deposited in the NCBI Genbank. Among the structural homologues of Rpi genes found in S. alandiae and S. okadae, of special interest are homologues of CC-NB-LRR resistance genes with broad specificity towards P. infestans races, in particular R2=Rpi-blb3, R8, R9a, Rpi-vnt1 and Rpi-blb2 (94–99, 94–99, 86–89, 92–98 and 91% identity with the prototype genes, respectively). Our data may help to better understand the process of Rpi gene divergence along with the evolution of tuberbearing Solanum species, particularly in the series Tuberosa.

scholarly journals A locus conferring effective late blight resistance in potato cultivar Sárpo Mira maps to chromosome XI

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iga Tomczyńska ◽  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Marcin Chmielarz ◽  
Beata Karasiewicz ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Sarpo Mira

scholarly journals A complex resistance locus in Solanum americanum recognizes a conserved Phytophthora effector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Hari S Karki ◽  
Florian Jupe ◽  
Agnieszka I Witek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Solanum Americanum

AbstractLate blight caused by Phytophthora infestans greatly constrains potato production. Many Resistance (R) genes were cloned from wild Solanum species and/or introduced into potato cultivars by breeding. However, individual R genes have been overcome by P. infestans evolution; durable resistance remains elusive. We positionally cloned a new R gene, Rpi-amr1, from Solanum americanum, that encodes an NRC helper-dependent CC-NLR protein. Rpi-amr1 confers resistance in potato to all 19 P. infestans isolates tested. Using association genomics and long-read RenSeq, we defined eight additional Rpi-amr1 alleles from different S. americanum and related species. Despite only ∼90% identity between Rpi-amr1 proteins, all confer late blight resistance but differentially recognize Avramr1 orthologs and paralogs. We propose that Rpi-amr1 gene family diversity facilitates detection of diverse paralogs and alleles of the recognized effector, enabling broad-spectrum and durable resistance against P. infestans.

scholarly journals Response of Local Potato Cultivars to Late Blight Disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) under Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Rishav Pandit ◽  
Ravi Bhatta ◽  
Pooja Bhusal ◽  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Subash Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Developing host resistance is an economic and long-term approach to disease management; however, resistance reactions that differ depending on the genotypes. Potato late blight is the devastating disease caused due to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.  In order to identify late blight resistance in potato genotypes, seven local potato cultivars (Bardiya Rato Local, Bardiya Seto Local, Cardinal, Deukhuri Rato Local, Deukhuri Seto Local, Kailali Local and Khumal Ujjowal) were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during October 2018 to January 2019 on naturally infested soils in Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal. Results showed that significantly the highest disease incidence (99.17%), and the highest disease severity (88%) were found on Cardinal followed by Deukhuri Rato Local (64%), and Deukhuri Seto Local (60%). Potato cultivar namely Khumal Ujjowal was moderately resistant, whereas Deukhuri Rato local and Deukhuri Seto Local were susceptible to late blight disease. Significantly the highest yield (12.67 t ha-1) was produced by Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local (10.78 t ha-1) and Bardiya Seto Local (9.40 t ha-1). The disease incidence and Area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) value was negatively co-related with the tuber yield. The potato cultivar Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local were found moderately resistant to late blight disease in Deukhuri conditions. This study suggests that potato cultivar Bardiya Rato Local can be grown for higher tuber production in Dang and similar topographic regions.

Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Thaumatin-like Protein Genes Confer Enhanced Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishan Zhu ◽  
Minghua Deng ◽  
Zhengan Yang ◽  
Lianzhen Mao ◽  
Shurui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Tomato Production

Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) poses a serious threat to tomato production, but the number of late blight resistance genes isolated from tomato is limited, making resistance gene mining a high research priority. In this study, highly resistant CLN2037E and susceptible No.5 tomato inbred lines were used to identify late blight resistance genes. Using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 21 nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) and 15 pathogenesis-related (PR) disease resistance genes. Cluster analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that these 36 genes possessed similar expression patterns in different inbred lines after inoculation with P. infestans. Moreover, two PR genes with unique responses were chosen to verify their functions when exposed to P. infestans: Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670, both of which were thaumatin-like protein (TLP) genes and were clustered in the tomato genome. Functions of these two genes were identified by gene overexpression and gene editing technology. Overexpression and knockout of single Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670 corresponded to an increase and decrease in resistance to late blight, respectively, and Solyc08g080660 led to a greater change in disease resistance compared with Solyc08g080670. Co-transformation of dual genes resulted in a much greater effect than any single gene. This study provides novel candidate resistance genes for tomato breeding against late blight and insights into the interaction mechanisms between tomato and P. infestans.

scholarly journals (2) A Unique Late-blight Resistance Locus from Solanum pinnatisectum

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 998B-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Norby ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
The Relationship

Phytophthorainfestans is the casual agent of late blight and is a major threat to potato production worldwide. There are no curative control agents available and resistance genes offer promise in controlling late blight. To date, the primary source of late-blight resistance has been from hexaploid (6x) [4 Endosperm Balance Number (EBN)] Solanum demissum. Mexican diploid (2x) (1EBN) Solanum species possess a wealth of late-blight resistances, but have been neglected due to crossing barriers. Manipulation of EBN and ploidies should allow integration of 2x (1EBN) germplasm into cultivated potato. Synteny between late-blight resistance loci from Solanum species of disparate ploidies and EBNs may facilitate the identification of unique resistance alleles and loci. Isolate MSU96 (US8/A2) of P. infestans revealed a late-blight resistance locus (Rpi1) from 2x(1EBN) S. pinnatisectum (PI 253214) that mapped to chromosome seven (MGG 265:977-985). MSU96 was also avirulent on the late-blight differential R9-Hodgson 2573 (LB3), revealing the presence of the avirulence gene for R9 originating from S. demissum. To test the relationship between Rpi1 and R9, we evaluated a family segregating for R9 and revealed that it does not map to chromosome seven. The independent inheritance of R9 and Rpi1 indicates that Rpi1 is a unique resistance locus. We are conducting a variety of crossing schemes to introgress Rpi1 into cultivated potato.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document