scholarly journals Seeding Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Agronomic Responses of Some Hybrid Barley Lines in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Giovanni Preiti ◽  
Antonio Calvi ◽  
Maurizio Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Monica Bacchi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Seeding Rate

Over two cropping seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, an experimental trial was conducted in a typical cereal-growing environment of the Calabrian hills (southern Italy) to study seeding rate (D) and nitrogen fertilization (N) effects on two barley F1 hybrids (Zoo and Jallon) compared to those of a traditional variety (Lutece), assessing the bio-agronomic response. Barley hybrids, gradually introduced into the principal European countries starting in 2010 as winter forage, currently represent a significant part of the EU internal market. Productive performance was evaluated as grain yield for feed and total biomass for silage and/or biogas production. Research results pointed out the greater performance of barley hybrids compared to conventional varieties in terms of both grain and biomass production. On average, barley hybrids vigour mainly manifested itself through a high tillering and a greater number of ears m−2 compared to those of the conventional variety (+24 and +23%, respectively). Furthermore, barley hybrids were characterized by a greater 1000-kernel weight and hectolitre weight than those of the Lutece variety (conventional variety). A significant increase in grain production was observed, increasing density from D150 to D225 rates (+35% and +33%, respectively) which was followed by a decrease in production shifting from D225 to D300 doses. A significant increase in biomass production was as well highlighted for the two hybrids, shifting from D150 to D225 rates (+26% and +27%, respectively). The applied nitrogen dose highlighted a different behaviour between the hybrids and the conventional variety; in particular, the lowest nitrogen dose (N80) negatively influenced the Lutece variety both in terms of grain and biomass production (−9% and −16%, respectively) while the hybrids showed the best agronomic response even at the lowest dose. On average, with the N80 dose, grain yield of Zoo and Jallon was greater than 20% and 16%, while with the N120 dose grain yield was 9% and 7%, respectively. A similar behaviour was found for biomass yield. It should therefore be emphasized that barley hybrids possess high yielding capacities and that such higher grain production can be achieved in a Mediterranean environment by using a lower seed rate (approximately −25%) and a reduced nitrogen dose (approximately −33%) compared with those commonly applied to conventional varieties.

Field evaluation of early vigour for genetic improvement of grain yield in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Botwright ◽  
A. G. Condon ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Early Vigour

Improved early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been proposed as an important trait for increasing grain yield through greater water-use efficiency in rainfed, Mediterranean-type environments. Three years of field trials were undertaken in Western Australia at 2 sites, Merredin (low rainfall, 244 mm in the growing season) and Wongan Hills (medium rainfall, 308 mm), to examine the influence of increased early vigour on crop growth and yield. The effect of breeding for greater early vigour was tested in 1998 and 1999 using 3 high vigour and 3 low vigour BC2:F5 lines of the cultivar Amery backcrossed to a 'high vigour' donor. Averaged across environments, the high vigour backcross lines had a 10% increase in early vigour (i.e. leaf area/plant) at 50 DAS compared with the low vigour lines. Differences in yield across environments were associated with variation in total rainfall, rainfall distribution, and soil properties. In the wetter of the 2 years (1999), greater early vigour translated to increased yield of c. 12%, averaged across environments, but there was no difference in yield in either environment in the drier year (1998). Potential deleterious effects of the recurrent parent on yield were eliminated in field trials in 1999 and 2000 by manipulating early vigour through varying grain size (25, 35, or 50 mg) or seeding density (50, 200, or 400 plants/m2) of Amery at sowing. Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999. This translated to greater biomass production at anthesis and maturity to increase grain yield at Wongan Hills in 1999. In contrast, there was no relationship between grain size, biomass production, and yield at Merredin in 1999 or at either site in 2000. Sowing density treatments also had no effect on yield in 2000. In conclusion, there is potential to increase yield of wheat by selecting for greater early vigour in a wheat breeding program. The expression of vigour in field conditions and the translation of this improvement to higher yields is, however, dependent on the environment. Current yield limitations arising through backcrossing with a high vigour, yet poor yielding donor, need to be addressed.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation of Seeds with Rhizobium tropici on the Agronomic Performance of Common Beans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Darlan Capelesso ◽  
Antonio Carlos Torres da Costa ◽  
José Barbosa Duarte Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
No Till

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium tropici on the agronomic performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Study Design: The experimental design consisted of a randomized block in a 4x2 factorial layout, with 4 replicates, the first factor referring to inoculant doses (0, 50, 100 and 200 mL for each 25 kg of seed), while the second refers to nitrogen fertilization (0 and 40 kg ha of N). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted to the field in a no-till system area, in the southwestern region of Paraná, Brazil. The soil is classified as a Purple Latosol, with a clayey texture. Methodology: The adopted spacing was 0.45 m between rows, and the seeding density used was 12 seeds per furrow meter. The inoculants NITRO 1000 Rhizobium tropici SEMIA 4077 and SEMIA 4088 were applied, varied according to the treatments. The cultivar used was IPR – Tangará. Results: As for grain yield, it was observed that nitrogen fertilization did not contribute to the increase in grain yield, and higher productivity was obtained in the absence of N. This was probably due to the high content of organic matter present in the soil. Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilization at sowing and seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici did not influence the plant population and the 1000-grain mass. In the absence of nitrogen fertilization at sowing, pods with a longer length and higher grain yield were obtained. Inoculation of the seeds with Rhizobium tropici exerts a positive influence on plant height, number of nodes of the main stem, number of pods per plant, and number of beans per pod, the dose recommended by the manufacturer (100 mL) being efficient, with the possibility of applying a dose of 50 mL, to satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization level on water use and production of corn (Zea mays L.) in a cereal producing area in Colombia - a modeling exercise using AquaCrop-FAO

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier García A. ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Nestor Riaño H.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
White Grain ◽  
Fertilization Level

The effect of the amount of fertilization applied to the corn variety 'ICA V-156' (white grain) was calibrated and validated with the simulator AquaCrop in Cerete (Cordoba, Colombia) at an altitude of 20 m. The fertilization level determined factors related to biomass production, the harvest index, yield and water use, and potential evapotranspiration (Eto). The basic information which calibrated and validated the model came from research conducted in different altitudes in maize growing areas in Colombia. Unexpectedly, the water shortages occurred during the growing season, which the modelling had not considered. Levels of 90 to 60% of fertilization were applied to the crop according to the analysis of the evaluated soil. The information was subjected to an analysis of variance; the results showed that the level of fertilization affected the formation of biomass, harvest index and yield, as well as, the use of water during the growing season. The ETo values were extreme at 0.9 and 7.3 mm day-1. Likewise the total biomass production was 4.64% less at the level of 90 and 25.04% less at 60% fertilization, as compared to the biomass measurements in the field. Similarly, the harvest index was 32.3 and 29.8% for the 90 and 60% levels of fertilization, respectively; on the other hand the grain yield was not affected by the highest level (90%), whereas when the reduction in fertilization was 40%, a decrease of 14.335% in the grain yield was obtained. In addition, per m3 of water 18.87 and 23.02 kg of grain for the fertilization levels of 60 and 90% were formed, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of cultivation technology elements on yield and water consumption of peas Premier variety under rainfed conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Voshedskiy ◽  
◽  
V. А. Kulygin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Priority Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Background ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Purpose: to identify the optimal combination of the seeding rate of seeds and the background of fertilizers to achieve a high yield of a new peas Premier variety, as well as to study the peculiarities of water consumption of the crop under the soil and climatic conditions of Azov zone Rostov region. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Aksai district Rostov region in 2019–2020. The soil of the experimental site is represented by ordinary calcareous medium-thick light loamy chernozem on loess-like loam. The experiments used the Premier pea variety. Factor A: seeding rates (0.8 (control); 1.0; 1.2 million pcs/ha); factor B: fertilizer backgrounds (high – N30Р80K80; medium – N15Р40K40; control without fertilizers) were studied. During the field experiment, the generally accepted methods were used (B. A. Dospekhov, 1985; A. N. Kostyakov, 1961; A. F. Vadyunina, 1986). Results. When growing peas in rainfed conditions, the priority effect on grain yield is provided by the moisture supply of plants during the critical period of water consumption. In years with optimal (GTC = 1.37) and stressful (GTC = 0.22) conditions of this growing season, the difference in yield indicators reached 47.0–51.9 %. The change in the seeding density from 0.8 to 1.0 and 1.2 million pcs/ha contributed to an increase in the average grain yield under different nutritional backgrounds, respectively, by 21.3–25.0 and 34.0–40.5 % compared to control. The fertilizer rate N15Р40K40 increased the peas yield at different sowing densities by 16.0–21.2 %, and a high background (N30Р80K80) – by 38.6–42.2 % compared to natural fertility conditions. The best payback of fertilizers by an increase in yield was obtained in the variant with a high background of nutrition N30P80K80 and a seeding rate of 1.2 million units/ha – 3.32 kg/kg. Conclusions. The best average grain yield was ensured at the rates of fertilization N30P80K80 and seeding of seeds of 1.2 million units/ha, reaching 2.26 t/ha.

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on growth and loline alkaloid production of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) associated with the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium uncinatum

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja G. Bylin ◽  
David E. Hume ◽  
Stuart D. Card ◽  
Wade J. Mace ◽  
Catherine M. Lloyd-West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loline Alkaloids ◽  
Different Levels

In a field study during two growing seasons in northern Sweden, we assessed meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) with and without Neotyphodium uncinatum to determine whether the endophyte affects plant performance regarding tiller and biomass production. In addition, we measured loline alkaloids produced in infected grasses. Approximately 1000 plants grew at two different levels of nitrogen fertilization: the normal amount applied in this region and one-half that amount. Increasing the amount of nitrogen increased the total number of tillers on the plants. Endophyte-infected plants produced more tillers per plant than plants without the endophyte; there was, however, no significant difference in proportion of reproductive tillers, winter survival, or total biomass production between endophyte-infected and noninfected plants. Infected plants produced loline alkaloids in different quantities without indication of being influenced by different nitrogen fertilization levels.

scholarly journals Maize Response to Nitrogen: Timing, Leaf Variables and Grain Yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Nunes da Silva ◽  
Evandro Luiz Schoninger ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Durval Dourado-Neto ◽  
Victor Meriguetti Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Content ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Early Stages

<p>The main factors determining plant growth and productivity are decisive to be understood since they<strong> </strong>contribute to maximize plant nitrogen use efficiency. Thus, more reviews related to the correlation between the real content of chlorophyll and real carotenoids with the values obtained by chlorophyll (SPAD) in the early development stages of the maize are important to be obtained. The relation between the maize crop responses to the nitrogen fertilization at different development stages is of fundamental importance as well. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the responses of maize to the nitrogen application, urea fertilizer (<sup>15</sup>N), in side-dress at different development stages. The secondary objective was verifying the correlation between chlorophylls and carotenoids with SPAD index and these with total biomass (BM), harvest index (HI), grain yield (GY) and grain N content in response to the nitrogen side-dress at different development stages. The nitrogen fertilization was carried out in plots, with the application of 30 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of N at planting and 140 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> N as side-dress at vegetative stages V4, V6, V8, V10, and V12, without incorporation into the soil, and control treatment consisted of non-nitrogen side-dress application was also utilized. The 2011/2012 season presented higher precipitation than 2012/2013. Maize crop responded similarly for GY to the nitrogen application in side-dress in both seasons, however, the nitrogen application in the early stages caused higher values for leaf variables, leaf pigments, and SPAD. Higher amount of nitrogen in all parts of the plants was observed in the 2011/2012 season than in 2012/2013, influenced by the adequate weather conditions at the nitrogen application moment. Grain N content from <sup>15</sup>N fertilizer and N uptake and efficiency were greater for early N applications. SPAD values correlated positively with most pigment variables at V16 in both seasons, thus proving that SPAD was an efficient instrument of indirect evaluation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in maize leaves at early stages. Chlorophyll b at V16 was positively correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with grain N content, GY, and BM, and total chlorophyll at V16 was positively correlated with GY and grain N content. However the chlorophylls a and total, evaluated at V14, were negatively correlated with GY. So, measurement of real chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment contents should be done after V14 stage when studies aim to evaluate crop nutritional conditions and prescribe future grain production practices.</p>

YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH OATS FOR FORAGE AND GRAIN PRODUCTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. FOLKINS ◽  
M. L. KAUFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Forage Yields

Five oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.) were seeded at 38, 67, and 95 kg/ha in 1969, and six cultivars in 1970 and 1972. There were differences between cultivars in grain yield in each year, but in only 1 yr in forage yield. Seeding rates did not affect grain yields in any year or forage yields on the average of the 3 yr; nor did they affect the leanness or ratio of seed to the vegetative parts of the plant. Stem size and plant height decreased with increasing seeding rate.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed-setting Characteristics of Spike and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat under Waterlogging at Booting Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1888-1896
Author(s):  
Wen-Ming WU ◽  
Jin-Cai LI ◽  
Hong-Jian CHEN ◽  
Feng-Zhen WEI ◽  
Shi-Ji WANG
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Booting Stage

KOMBINASI BOKASHI DAN PUPUK BUATAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI YANG DITANAM SECARA JAJAR LEGOWO

Jurnal BiBieT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dewi Rezki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan alih fungsi lahan pertanian, menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi beras. Sedangkan produksi yang diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang ada belum mencapai hasil yang optimal.  Upaya yang perlu dilakukan  untuk meningkatkan produksi padi diantaranya adalah memperbaiki tingkat kesuburan tanah dan metode budidaya tanaman padi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi yang paling tepat antara bahan  organik kaya sumber hayati (BOKASHI) dan pupuk NPK terhadap produksi padi yang ditanam secara jajar legowo.  penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat pada bulan Juli-Desember 2015.  Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi bokashi + 75 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 6.3 ton/Ha, sementara produksi padi tanpa penambahan bokashi + 100 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 3.9 ton/Ha, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bokashi dapat meningkatkan produksi gabah sebanyak 2.4 ton/Ha.  Penambahan 2 ton/Ha bokashi yang ditanam secara sistem jajar legowo pada tanaman padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk buatan sebanyak 25 %.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Bokashi, Produksi Padi, Jajar Legowo, Kombinasi</p><p> </p><p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p align="center"> </p><p>The high rate of population growth and the conversion of agricultural land, causing the need for efforts to increase rice production. While the production obtained from existing agricultural lands yet to achieve optimal results. Efforts should be made to increase the rice production of which is to improve soil fertility and method of rice cultivation. This study aims to obtain the most appropriate combination of organic material rich in biological resources (Bokashi) and NPK fertilizer on rice production are grown Legowo row. Research conducted in the District Pulau Punjung Dharmasraya West Sumatra province in July to December 2015. The study showed that the combination of Bokashi + 75% of artificial fertilizers provide grain yield of 6.3 tonnes / ha, while rice production without adding Bokashi + 100% synthetic fertilizers provide grain yield 3.9 tonnes / ha, thus it can be concluded that the addition of bokashi can increase grain production as much as 2.4 tons / ha. Addition of 2 tons / ha planted Bokashi system Legowo row in rice plants significantly affect the growth and production of rice plants and can reduce the use of artificial fertilizers as much as 25%.</p><p>Keywords: Bokashi, Rice Production, Jajar Legowo, Combination</p>

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