scholarly journals Phenological Assessment for Agronomic Suitability of Some Agastache Species Based on Standardized BBCH Scale

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Rodica Vârban ◽  
Andreea Ona ◽  
Andrei Stoie ◽  
Dan Vârban ◽  
Ioana Crișan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agastache Rugosa ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Second Year

Increasing interest in medicinal plants encourages the growers to consider extending their range of cultivated species. Acclimatization and adaptation of species introduced for cultivation in new areas remain a challenge of modern agriculture. One of the first steps for optimizing the cultivation technology is determining the plant phenology in the local conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to provide a standardized phenology scale for Agastache sp. and to apply it in assessing the suitability for cultivation in a local environment of some valuable Agastache species: Agastache scrophulariifolia, Agastache rugosa, Agastache mexicana, Agastache foeniculum and Agastache rugosa ‘After Eight’. During the vegetation period, nine growth stages were identified: germination/emergence, leaf development, formation of side shoots, stem elongation, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development, fruit maturity, senescence and beginning of resting. Observations conducted over two years revealed that the vegetation period increased from 168.8 ± 3.51 days in the first year to 199.0 ± 1.82 days in the second year. In both vegetation periods, the flowering phenophase predominated, but the abundance of precipitations shortened the flowering duration in the second year. The duration of phenophases was highly influenced by growing degree days. Phenological assessment based on a standardized scale can be a useful tool for evaluating cultivation potential and the planning of technological resources.

scholarly journals Water-Yield Relationships in Deficit Irrigated Onion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Serhat Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Certification programme for production of virus-free propagating material of grapevine and its results in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lázár ◽  
J. Mikulás ◽  
G. Farkas ◽  
M. Kölber
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Present System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Certification Programme ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Free Material

In Hungary, detection of virus and virus-like diseases of grapevine began in 1960's at the Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology by János Lehoczky and his colleagues. At present, sixteen virus and virus-like diseases of Vitis vinifera are known to occur in Hungary. Regular virological screening of grapevine varieties started in 1972. The present system of screening (visual selection, indexing, ELISA) has been established using methods with continuous improvement according to recommendations of international organizations. In the first year symptomless grapevine plants are selected and marked during surveys carried out twice in the vegetation period: at about flowering and in the second half of September. At the first selection time plants are sampled for ELISA. In the spring of the second year, overwintered canes are checked by woody indexing on 8 indicator species in the field. In the third and fourth years the nursery is evaluated twice again. At the end, the marked grapevine plants, giving negative results on all indicators in every case, are considered virus-free. In autumn of the fourth year, the virus-free material is planted out under screenhouse and also in a special mother block (nuclear stock) for maintenance and propagation. Mother blocks of virus-free scion varieties have been established on 2 ha and those of rootstock varieties on 0.5 ha planted with the following number of varieties included in the national list: 71 European scion — and 12 rootstock varieties or variety candidates/clones. It is necessary to increase the area of Pre-base, Base and Certified stocks exclusively with tested virus-free (clean) material.

scholarly journals Variability of major traits of marigold seed in respect of genotype and climatic conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Radosav Jevdjovic ◽  
Radojka Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Standard Cultivar

The results of the two-year comparative research of qualitative and quantitative traits of marigold seed of different genotypes in regard to the standard cultivar were analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was registered in genotype "King orange", and the lowest in genotype "R". Concerning the quality of seed, that is, germination energy and total germination, the best results were established for genotype "King orange" and the poorest for genotype "R" in both study years. The highest absolute mass was registered in domestic cultivar "Domestic orange". Climatic conditions had great influence on yield and quality of marigold seed. In the first study year, with 2.5 times higher water sediment during the vegetation period, seed yield in all genotypes was higher compared to the second study year. Also, absolute mass of seed of all genotypes was higher in the first study year. However, germination energy and total germination for all genotypes was better in the second year, when the sum of temperatures during the vegetation period was 37580C compared to the first year when the sum of temperatures recorded was 35230C.

scholarly journals Pengujian Tiga Paket Teknologi Budi Daya Jarak Pagar di Lahan Kering

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Prima Diarini Riajaya ◽  
Sri Mulyaningsih ◽  
Budi Hariyono
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Field Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Technology Support ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Best Fit

<p>Pengujian teknologi budi daya jarak pagar yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas biji jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan tiga tahun (2012–2014) di Kebun Percobaan Asem-bagus, Situbondo dengan karakter lahan kering, bertujuan untuk menguji tiga paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar yang dapat meningkatkan produksi biji jarak pagar.  Pengujian paket teknologi dilakukan pada sistem tanam baru IP-3A pada populasi rapat, pertanaman hasil rehabilitasi dengan sambung samping IP-3A dan pangkas IP-3A.  Tanaman sela kacang tanah ditanam di antara tanaman jarak pagar. Komponen produksi dan produksi biji jarak pagar diamati saat panen dan diakumulasi per tahun. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya tanaman jarak pagar pada sistem tanam baru menghasilkan produktivitas biji yang meningkat dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga masing-masing 253,6 kg/ha; 1.277,2 kg/ha; dan 1.640,3 kg/ha. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi dengan sistem sambung samping menghasilkan produktivitas biji dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga berturut-turut 436,0 kg/ha, 3.434,5 kg/ha, dan 1.409,1 kg/ha dan produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah berturut-turut 960,0 kg/ha, 913,6 kg/ha, dan 1.233,3 kg/ha polong kering. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi dengan pangkas menghasilkan produktivitas biji dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga berturut-turut 529,8 kg/ha; 2.460,2 kg/ha; dan 1.567,3 kg/ha dan produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah berturut-turut 856,5 kg/ha; 300,46 kg/ha; dan 533,30 kg/ha polong kering.  Teknologi budi daya tanaman jarak pagar yang diterapkan disesuaikan dengan kondisi tanaman yang ada. Penggunaan varietas yang dianjurkan yang sesuai dengan agroekosistemnya sangat dianjurkan melalui penanaman tanaman baru atau sambung samping. Tanaman yang telah meng-gunakan varietas baru dan telah melewati umur produktif (tiga tahun) dapat dilakukan pangkas bawah.</p><p> Development of physic nut as an alternative energy source requires an optimized cultivation technology support. The field research was done in three consecutive years (2012–2014) in Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo to test physic nut cultivation technologies to improve  productivity. Testing the cultivation technology package was performed on the new planted physic nut IP-3A, crop rejuvenation by grafting with entresIP-3A and pruning the IP-3A clone.  Groundnut was planted as intercropwith physic nut, and after groundnut has been harvested, <em>Crotalaria juncea</em> was planted and harvested at the age of 45 days then mulched between physic nut plants.  Yield components and yields of physic nut were recorded andaccumu-lated within a year. The application of cultivation technologies on new plating system resulted in agradually increase in seed yield from the first year to the third year consecutively, 253.6 kg/ha, 1,277.2 kg/ha, and 1,640.3 kg/ha. Physic nut IP-3A rejuvenated with grafting produced seeds 436.0 kg/ha at the first year, 3,434.5 kg/ha at the second year, and 1,409.1 kg/ha at the third year, and groundnut yields from first tothird year were 960.0 kg/ha, 913.6 kg/ha, and 1,233.3 kg/ha dry pods respectively. Physic nut IP-3A rejuvenated with pruning system produced seeds 529.8 kg/ha at the first year, 2,460.2 kg/ha at the second year, and 1,567.3 kg/ha at the third year and groundnut yields from first tothirdyear were 856.5 kg/ha, 300.46 kg/ha, and 533.30 kg/ha dry pods consecutively. Thus physic nut cultivation technologies are applied according to the conditions of existing plants. The use of recommended varieties best fit to agro-ecosystem is highly recommended by planting new plants or grafting. It is ideal to take up pruning activities when the plant is no longer productive.</p>

scholarly journals Population and individual variability of the leafing phenophase of pedunculate oak in three successive years

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Branislava Batos ◽  
Jelena Ninic-Todorovic ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Intraspecies Variability ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Stability

The leafing phenophase of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) was analyzed at two locations in Belgrade (Ada Ciganlija - ?AC?, Bojcinska suma - ?BS?). The observations were made on 29 trees per site for three consecutive years (2004, 2005, 2006). In the ?BS? site the phenophase of leafing starts and ends earlier than in the ?AC? site. The largest number of trees in the ?AC? site are classified in the late phenological group and in the ?BS? site they belong to the ?average? group. Population variability of the analyzed parameters of the phenophase of leafing was confirmed by the results of a Mann - Witney U - test for each year of observation, except for the end of the second year of observation and start of leafing in the first year of observation. According to the results of an F - test significant differences between sites were confirmed for all analyzed parameters except for the duration of leafing (2005) and the start of leafing (2006). Differences among the years of observation in the ?AC? site were significant only in the end and in the ?BS? site for they were significant for all three growth stages of scrolling. Despite the different environmental conditions in the three years of monitoring the stability of the phenology of analyzed populations was maintained (the percentage of trees that were always over the years of observation in the same phenological group relative to the start of leafing ?AC? - 41.3%, ?BS? - 55.2%), which is primarily the result of the genetic structure of populations and intraspecies variability.

Nitrogen nutrition of cereals in a short-term rotation. II. Stem nitrate as an indicator of nitrogen availability

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Papastylianou ◽  
DW Puckridge
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year

The effect of cultural treatments and fertilizer nitrogen on nitrate nitrogen concentration of cereal steins and the relation between nitrate nitrogen and cereal production were examined in a three-year experiment. Five cultural treatments in the first year were medic or subterranean clover pasture, field beans, oats or bare fallow. These were oversown in the second year with barley, wheat and triticale, with 0, 30, 60 or 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer nitrogen. Wheat was sown over the whole area in the third season. There were marked differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the second year cereals as a result of the previous cultural treatments and the current application of fertilizer nitrogen. For cultural treatments the concentrations were highest after fallow, intermediate after legumes, and lowest after oats. There was an asymptotic increase in nitrate nitrogen as fertilizer nitrogen increased. The second year had low rainfall, and there was little correlation between nitrate nitrogen concentration and production, but measurements of nitrate nitrogen clearly indicated relative availability of nitrogen. In the third season's wheat crop the residual effects of first year subterranean clover gave highest nitrate nitrogen, but effects of fallow were almost as high. Second year fertilizer had less effect than first year cultural treatments. Grain yield of wheat in the third year was closely related to nitrate nitrogen concentration during early growth stages. This was a year with good rainfall. Measurement of nitrate concentration in plant stems could be useful for determining the need for fertilizer nitrogen.

scholarly journals Water-Yield Relationships of Deficit Irrigated Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L. Demre)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Serhat Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludag University Yenisehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of pepper during four crop growth stages. In this study, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (vegetative, flowering, yield formation and ripening) of pepper (Capsicum annuum l. Demre) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 744 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 750 mm in the second year. Water consumption of pepper in the first year ranged between 320 and 760 mm and in the second year ranged between 330 and 770 mm. Yield, fruit weight, diameter, length and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 26.2 t ha-1 and 27.8 t ha-1 in V100F100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.2 t ha-1 and 0.3 ha-1 in the V0F0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.29 and 1.24, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from vegetative and ripening periods. Vegetative and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the pepper applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

Exploring the Implementation of Early Math Assessments in Kindergarten Classrooms: A Research-Practice Collaboration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McDonald ◽  
Rebecca Merkley ◽  
Jacqueline Mickle ◽  
Lisa Collimore ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Early Numeracy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Second Year

Research in cognitive development has highlighted that early numeracy skills are associated with later math achievement, suggesting that these skills should be targeted in early math education. Here we tested whether tools used by researchers to assess mathematical thinking could be useful in the classroom. This paper describes a collaborative project between cognitive scientists and school board researchers/educators implementing numeracy screeners with kindergarten students over the course of three school years. The Give-A-Number task (Wynn, 1990) was used with first-year kindergarten students and the Numeracy Screener [BLINDED] with second-year kindergarten students. Results indicated that educators (N = 59) found the tools feasible to implement and helpful for exploring their students’ thinking and targeting instruction. The Educators’ feedback also helped inform improvements to the implementation of the tools and future directions for both the schools and the researchers. This work emphasizes the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration to address the research-practice gap.

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