scholarly journals Optimum Sowing Date and Salt Tolerant Variety Boost Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Water Productivity during BoroSeason in the Ganges Delta

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Sukanta K. Sarangi ◽  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
Buddheswar Maji ◽  
Kshirendra K. Mahanta ◽  
Saheb Digar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Ganges Delta ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Soil And Water

Rice-fallow and rice-rice are major cropping systems in the salt affected region of the Ganges Delta covering West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. The dry season rice (Boro) is grown mostly by irrigation from ground water in this water scarce region. Boro encounters soil and water salinity, air temperature fluctuations and intense evaporative demand. We studied six sowing dates (1 October, 15 October, 1 November, 15 November, 1 December and 15 December) and three varieties (WGL 20471, Bidhan 2 and IET 4786) of rice to find an interacting effect on yield and water productivity. Soil and water salinity varied during the growing period with lower soil salinity during the month of November (2.20–2.53 dS m−1) and higher soil salinity towards the end of the growing season (4.30–5.23 dS m−1). The mean field water salinity was higher (1.78 dS m−1) during the Boro 2017–18 compared to that (1.65 dS m−1) during 2016–17, as about 49 mm rainfall was received in the month of March 2017. Sowing dates significantly affected the yield of Boro rice. Earliest sowing on 1 October is not feasible as it significantly reduced the grain and straw yields. Sowing of nursery up to 1 of November was found to be the best possible option, and it should not be delayed up to 15 December. The rice variety IET 4786 was found to be susceptible to salinity with the lowest grain yield 2.65–2.98 t ha−1, compared to Bidhan 2 (3.41–5.95 t ha−1) and WGL 20471 (3.40–5.81 t ha−1). Both irrigation and economic water productivity of Boro were affected by sowing dates and variety. Rice variety IET 4786 required less irrigation water (1320 mm) than the other two varieties (1350 mm). Higher (>0.5 kg m−3) irrigation water productivity of Boro can be achieved by selecting salt tolerant varieties (WGL 20471 and Bidhan 2) and optimum sowing window of 1–15 November.

scholarly journals Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Samui ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Koushik Brahmachari ◽  
Sayan Sau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Ganges Delta

In the coastal zone of the Ganges Delta, water shortages due to soil salinity limit the yield of dry season crops. To alleviate water shortage as a consequence of salinity stress in the coastal saline ecosystem, the effect of different water-saving (WS) and water-conserving options was assessed on growth, yield and water use of tomato; two field experiments were carried out at Gosaba, West Bengal, India in consecutive seasons during the winter of 2016–17 and 2017–18. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five treatments viz., surface irrigation, surface irrigation + straw mulching, drip irrigation at 100% reference evapotranspiration (ET0), drip irrigation at 80% ET0, drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching. Application of drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching brought about significantly the highest fruit as well as the marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The soil reaction (pH), post-harvest organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) status and soil microbial population along with the biochemical quality parameters of tomato (juice pH, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids and sugar content of fruits) were significantly influenced by combined application of drip irrigation and straw mulching. Surface irrigation significantly increased the salinity level in surface and sub-surface soil layers while the least salinity development was observed in surface mulched plots receiving irrigation water through drip irrigation. The highest water productivity was also improved from drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulched plots irrespective of the year of experimentation. Such intervention also helped in reducing salinity stress for the tomato crop. Thus, straw mulching along with drip irrigation at 80% ET0 can be recommended as the most suitable irrigation option for tomato crop in the study area as well as coastal saline regions of South Asia. Finally, it can be concluded that the judicious application of irrigation water not only increased growth, yield and quality tomatoes but also minimized the negative impact of soil salinity on tomatoes grown in the coastal saline ecosystem of Ganges Delta.

A simple numerical model to estimate water availability in saline soils

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mahnaz Khataar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate

We developed a numerical model to predict soil salinity from knowledge of evapotranspiration rate, crop salt tolerance, irrigation water salinity, and soil hydraulic properties. Using the model, we introduced a new weighting function to express the limitation imposed by salinity on plant available water estimated by the integral water capacity concept. Lower and critical limits of soil water uptake by plants were also defined. We further analysed the sensitivity of model results to underlying parameters using characteristics given for corn, cowpea, and barley in the literature and two clay and sandy loam soils obtained from databases. Results showed that, between two irrigation events, soil salinity increased nonlinearly with decreasing soil water content especially when evapotranspiration and soil drainage rate were high. The salinity weighting function depended greatly on the plant sensitivity to salinity and irrigation water salinity. This research confirmed that both critical and lower limits (in terms of water content) of soil water uptake by plants increased with evapotranspiration rate and irrigation water salinity. Since the presented approach is based on a physical concept and well-known plant parameters, soil hydraulic characteristics, irrigation water salinity, and meteorological conditions, it may be useful in spatio-temporal modelling of soil water quality and quantity and prediction of crop yield.

scholarly journals Zero Tilled-Paddy Straw Mulched Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivation in the Coastal Saline Soils Reduce Soil Salinity, Increase Yield and Profitability

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Sukanta Kumar Sarangi ◽  
Buddheswar Maji ◽  
Parbodh Chander Sharma ◽  
Saheb Digar ◽  
Kshirendra Kumar Mahanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Net Return

Rice is the predominant crop during wet season (July–December) and majority of land remain fallow during dry season (January–June) in the coastal saline region of West Bengal, India. Sustainable cropping system intensification in this salt affected region needs improved package of practices which conserve soil moisture, facilitate early crop establishment, ensures profitability and has positive effect on soil health. To achieve these objectives in a rice-based cropping system, we evaluated seven treatments for potato crop during the dry season viz. T1: ridge sowing (control), T2: Zero tillage (ZT) sowing with 9 t ha−1 paddy straw mulching (PSM), T3: T2 + foliar spray of nutrients, T4: ZT sowing with 12 t ha−1 PSM, T5: T4 + foliar spray of nutrients, T6: ZT sowing with 15 t ha−1 PSM, T7: T6 + foliar spray of nutrients in randomized block design with five replications. This study was conducted during 2016-2019 in the Gosaba island of the Indian Sundarbans. Cost of cultivation of potato reduced by about 27% due to ZT sowing (₹ 81,287 ha−1) compared to ridge sowing (₹ 1,11,260 ha−1). Tuber yield, net return and irrigation water productivity was significantly increased in T5, T6 and T7 over other treatments. There was reduction in soil salinity (ECe reduced from 5 to 3 dS m−1), bulk density (from 1.49 to 1.44 Mg m−3), irrigation water use (less 20 cm), conservation of soil moisture (4–8%), and increase in organic carbon (0.39 to 0.44%) due to ZT sowing with PSM. Rice-ZT potato-green gram cropping system was the most profitable one with highest net return (₹ 1,71,752 ha−1), however, the benefit-cost ratio was highest (2.33) with Rice-ZT potato cropping system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY ON SWEET PEPPER YIELD AND ITS WATER PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
FAWZIA A. NAGM AL DEEN ◽  
MOHAMED Y. . El ANSARY ◽  
MONTASER A. AWAAD ◽  
WAEL M. SOLTAN
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

scholarly journals Spatial Relationship between Irrigation Water Salinity, Waterlogging, and Cropland Degradation in the Arid and Semi-Arid Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Reda Amer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions has resulted in using of low-quality waters for crop irrigation. This study aims to investigate the spatial relationship of low-quality irrigation water and waterlogging in arid and semiarid environments. The multi-decadal (1990–2020) time series Landsat images and hadrochemical water analysis were employed within geographical information system mapping (GIS) to understand the relationship between irrigation water, soil salinity, and waterlogging in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. The normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Landsat images were combined to quantify the Spatiotemporal changes in the croplands and waterlogging from 1990 to 2020. ArcGIS inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to create spatial layers of irrigation water salinity from electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and soluble sodium percentage (Na%). The results demonstrated a significant spatial relationship between waterlogging and EC, SAR, and Na% in irrigation groundwater. Long-term irrigation with high salinity groundwater led to increased soil salinity, low soil permeability, and waterlogging. This study offers a time- and cost-efficient geospatial method for regional monitoring of surface waterlogging and mitigation strategies for cropland degradation and agricultural drainage water recycling that would benefit stakeholders and decision-makers.

scholarly journals Growth stage sensitivity of wheat to irrigation water salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mojid ◽  
MS Mia ◽  
AK Saha ◽  
SS Tabriz
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

The effects of irrigation water salinity (12 dS m?1), imposed at maximum tillering (35?40 days after sowing, DAS) or booting (50?60 DAS) or grain filling (75?85 DAS) stage of wheat, on growth and yield of the crop was demonstrated. The experiment comprised four treatments – I1: irrigation by fresh water (FW) at all three growth stages (control), I2: irrigation by saline water (SW) at maximum tillering stage and by FW at other stages, I3: irrigation by SW at booting stage and by FW at other stages, and I4: irrigation by SW at grain filling stage and by FW at other stages. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block with three replications. Wheat was grown under three irrigations (each of 3 cm) and recommended fertilizer doses (120 kg N, 32 kg P, 62 kg K, 20 kg S, 3 kg Zn and 1 kg B ha?1). Salinity of irrigation water imposed, separately, at the three growth stages did not impart significant (p = 0.05) negative influence on plant height, spike density, spike length, spikelets and grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. It, however, significantly hindered leaf area index (LAI), above ground dry matter (ADM), grain and straw yields, grain-straw ratio and water productivity of the crop. The least grain (3.622 t ha?1) and straw (5.772 t ha?1) yields, LAI (1.24 and 2.18 at 50 and 70 DAS, respectively), ADM (0.80, 4.78 and 7.66 t ha?1) and water productivity (186.5 and 297.3 kg ha?1 cm?1) obtained under I3 implied that salinity of irrigation water imposed at booting stage exerted the maximum retarding effects on the growth and yield of wheat. Grain yield decreased by 13.4% in I3 over the control, I1. An increase in grain and biomass yields by 14.3 and 11.9%, respectively under I2 over I1 demonstrated a positive contribution of irrigation water salinity imposed at maximum tillering stage of wheat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18226 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 147-152, 2013

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv ESAL 686) SOB IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Márcio José de Santana ◽  
Jacinto De Assunção Carvalho ◽  
Messias José Bastos de Andrade ◽  
Elio Lemos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv ESAL 686) SOB IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA  Márcio José de Santana Jacinto de Assunção CarvalhoDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000Messias José Bastos de AndradeDepartamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000Elio Lemos da SilvaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000  1 RESUMO  Foram avaliados os efeitos de concentrações de sais da água de irrigação sobre o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv ESAL 686) e acúmulo de sais no solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras - MG, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado , com seis repetições e cinco níveis de salinidade da água: 0,10; 1,0; 2,5; 4,0 e 5,5 dS m-1. Os parâmetros vegetativos e produtivos foram negativamente influenciados pela salinidade da água de irrigação. Verificou-se também que a salinidade do solo aumentou com o aumento dos níveis em salinidade da água. As maiores salinidades da água de irrigação resultaram em menores consumos de água pelas plantas.  UNITERMOS: Feijão comum, salinidade da água, salinidade do solo.  SANTANA, M. J.; CARVALHO, J. A.; ANDRADE, M. J. B.; SILVA, E. L. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BEAN PLANT (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV ESAL 686) UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY LEVELS  2 ABSTRACT  It was evaluated the effects of salt concentration in irrigation water on vegetative and productive behavior of the bean plant ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ESAL 686) and salt accumulation in the soil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Engineering Department of Lavras Federal University, Lavras-MG, in a complete randomized design with six replications and five water salinity levels: 0.10; 1.0; 2.5; 4.0 and 5.5 dS m-1. The vegetative and productive parameters were negatively affected by the irrigation water salinity. It was also verified a soil salinity increase as salinity levels increase in the irrigation water. The highest water salinity level caused the lowest water consumption by plants.  KEYWORDS: French bean, irrigation water salinity, soil salinity

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