scholarly journals Adaptation Potential of Current Wheat Cultivars and Planting Dates under the Changing Climate in Ethiopia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tsedale Demelash ◽  
Martial Amou ◽  
Amatus Gyilbag ◽  
Goitom Tesfay ◽  
Yinlong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Adaptation Potential ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Late Sowing

Global warming poses a severe threat to food security in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the primary driver of low wheat productivity is attributed to climate change. Due to the sparsity of observation data, climate-related impact analysis is poorly understood, and the adaptation strategies studied so far have also been insufficient. This study adopted the most popular DSSAT CERES-Wheat model and the ensemble mean of four GCMs to examine the quantitative effects of adjusted sowing dates and varieties on wheat yield. The two new cultivars (Dandaa and Kakaba), with reference to an old cultivar (Digelu), were considered for the mid-century (2036–2065) and late-century (2066–2095) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The results showed that the Dandaa cultivar demonstrates better adaptation potential at late sowing with a yield increase of about 140 kg/ha to 148 kg/ha for the mid- and late-century under RCP4.5. However, under RCP 8.5, Kakaba demonstrates higher adaptation potential with a yield gain for early sowing of up to 142 kg/ha and 170 kg/ha during the mid- and late-century, respectively. Late sowing of the Dandaa cultivar is recommended if GHG emissions are cut off at least to the average scenario, while the Kakaba cultivar is the best option when the emissions are high. The adaptation measures assessed in this study could help to enhance wheat production and adaptability of wheat to the future climate.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

Applications of the herbicide sethoxydim increase wheat yield in the absence of weeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
ID Black ◽  
CB Dyson ◽  
AR Fischle
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Area North

In 11 experiments over 6 seasons the herbicide sethoxydim was applied to Machete, Spear and Blade wheat cultivars in the absence or near absence of weeds (10 sites) or where the weeds were controlled by selective herbicides (1 site), in the cropping area north of Adelaide, South Australia. The rates applied included 9-47 g a.i./ha at the 2-3 leaf growth stage and 9-74 g a.i./ha at early tillering. Except for the very long growing season of 1992, there was a highly significant positive linear correlation between the number of degree days in the growing season at each experimental site and relative mean yield increase of these sethoxydim treatments. Yield increases ranged from nil in growing seasons of about 1000 degree days to 32% in a growing season of 1480 degree days, with a median of 8% over the experiments.

scholarly journals The assessment of the influence of the Gumiton organomineral complex on the development of root rot and structural elements of the winter wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Aleksey Suslov ◽  
Dimitry Sviridenk ◽  
Vasiliy Mamayev ◽  
Irina Sychiova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Organomineral Complex ◽  
Rot Disease

It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment increases field germination by 5.5%, and the preservation of plants after overwintering increases by 4.3%. Gumiton strengthened the work of the assimilation apparatus of the flag leaf due to an increase in leaf area by 29.3-49.1% and extended the life of plants. As a part of a tank mixture (Tabu Super, 1.5 l / t + Tertia, 2.5 l t), the drug allowed to reduce the prevalence of the root rot disease to 2.45-1.05% in comparison with the control. The organomineral complex provided the formation of a larger and more leveled grain with a mass of 1000 grains of 47.0-47.5 g, 43.9 g in the control; the grain nature is more than 780 g / dm 3, 751.7 g / dm 3, in the control. The use of Gumiton (seeds + tillering + piping) against the background of N 96 P 96 K 96 provided a high yield increase by 37.8%. To reduce the expenses of foliar fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers, the Gumiton organic-mineral complex should be recommended, since it is an element of greening in intensive technologies of winter wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals The motley drivers of heat and cold exposure in 21st century US cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21108-21117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Mark Broadbent ◽  
Eric Scott Krayenhoff ◽  
Matei Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Metropolitan Regions

We use a suite of decadal-length regional climate simulations to quantify potential changes in population-weighted heat and cold exposure in 47 US metropolitan regions during the 21st century. Our results show that population-weighted exposure to locally defined extreme heat (i.e., “population heat exposure”) would increase by a factor of 12.7–29.5 under a high-intensity greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and urban development pathway. Additionally, end-of-century population cold exposure is projected to rise by a factor of 1.3–2.2, relative to start-of-century population cold exposure. We identify specific metropolitan regions in which population heat exposure would increase most markedly and characterize the relative significance of various drivers responsible for this increase. The largest absolute changes in population heat exposure during the 21st century are projected to occur in major US metropolitan regions like New York City (NY), Los Angeles (CA), Atlanta (GA), and Washington DC. The largest relative changes in population heat exposure (i.e., changes relative to start-of-century) are projected to occur in rapidly growing cities across the US Sunbelt, for example Orlando (FL), Austin (TX), Miami (FL), and Atlanta. The surge in population heat exposure across the Sunbelt is driven by concurrent GHG-induced warming and population growth which, in tandem, could strongly compound population heat exposure. Our simulations provide initial guidance to inform the prioritization of urban climate adaptation measures and policy.

Climate change risks to push large parts of global food production and population centres to unprecedented conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Kummu ◽  
Matias Heino ◽  
Maija Taka ◽  
Olli Varis ◽  
Daniel Viviroli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Global Food

&lt;p&gt;The majority of global food production, as we know it, is based on agricultural practices developed within stable Holocene climate conditions. Climate change is altering the key conditions for human societies, such as precipitation, temperature and aridity. Their combined impact on altering the conditions in areas where people live and grow food has not yet, however, been systematically quantified on a global scale. Here, we estimate the impacts of two climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) on major population centres and food crop production areas at 5 arc-min scale (~10 km at equator) using Holdridge Life Zones (HLZs), a concept that incorporates all the aforementioned climatic characteristics. We found that if rapid growth of GHG emissions is not halted (RCP 8.5), in year 2070, one fifth of the major food production areas and one fourth of the global population centres would experience climate conditions beyond the ones where food is currently produced, and people are living. Our results thus reinforce the importance of following the RCP 2.6 path, as then only a small fraction of food production (5%) and population centres (6%) would face such unprecedented conditions. Several areas experiencing these unprecedented conditions also have low resilience, such as those within Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, and Guinea-Bissau. In these countries over 75% of food production and population would experience unprecedented climatic conditions under RCP 8.5. These and many other hotspot areas require the most urgent attention to secure sustainable development and equity.&lt;/p&gt;

A systematic analysis of the performance of the IPSL-CM5A-LR model for decadal temperature predictions over Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sgubin ◽  
Didier Swingedouw ◽  
Juliette Mignot ◽  
Leonard Borchert ◽  
Thomas Noël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Skill Scores

&lt;p&gt;Reliable climate predictions over a time-horizon of 1-10 year are crucial for stakeholders and policymakers, as it is the time span for relevant decisions of public and private for infrastructures and other business planning. This promoted, about a decade ago, the development of a new family of climate model: the Decadal Climate Predictions (DCP). Similarly to climate projections, the DCP consists in forced simulations of climate, but initialised from a specific observed climatic state, which potentially represents an added value. Being a relatively new branch of climate modelling the effective application of DCP to impact analysis supporting operational adaptation measures is still conditional on their evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we contribute to this evaluation by exploring the performance of the IPSL-CM5A-LR DCP system in predicting the air temperature over Europe.&amp;#160; Our assessment of the potentiality of the DCP system follows two main steps: (1) the comparison between the simulated large-scale air temperature from hindcasts and the observations from mid-1900 to present day, i.e. NOAA-20CR dataset, which defines a prediction skill, calculated through both the Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE); (2) the detection of the &amp;#8220;windows of opportunity&amp;#8221;, i.e. specific conditions under which the DCP performs better. The exploration of the windows of opportunity stems from a systematic detection that evaluates the DCP skills for each combination of periods, lead times and seasons. Our analysis involves both raw simulations and de-biased simulations, i.e. outputs data that have been adjusted through the quantile-quantile method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results evidence a significant added value over most of Europe with respect to non-initialised historical simulations.&amp;#160; Significant skill scores have been generally found over the Mediterranean sector of Europe and UK, while the performance over the rest of Europe results rather conditional on the season and on the period considered. The best predicted months appear to be those between spring and autumn, while low skills have been found for winter months. Also, the predictions appear to be more performant after the &amp;#8217;80, when a rapid warming signal characterised the temperature over Europe: this shift is well reproduced in the initialised simulations. Finally, skill anomalies between raw and debiased outputs are generally minimal. Nevertheless, debiased data show an overall higher RMSE skill, while ACC skill appears to be slightly higher in winter and slightly lower in summer. These findings may be useful for the exploitation of the IPSL DCP for near-term timescale impact analysis over Europe. Also, our systematic approach for the exploration of the windows of opportunity may be at the base of similar investigations applied to other DCP systems.&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of legume 'break' crops on the yield and grain quality of wheat and relationship with soil mineral N and crop N content

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Evans ◽  
G. Scott ◽  
D. Lemerle ◽  
A. Kaiser ◽  
B. Orchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
South Wales

The effect of annual 'break' crops on the yield and protein content of wheat was investigated over 3 seasons on a Red Kandasol on the south-western slopes of New South Wales. The 'break' crops included lupin and pea grown for grain, pea and vetch managed for silage, clovers managed for silage or hay, and vetch and clovers managed for green manuring. Wheat was sown for 2 years following the legume year, or canola and wheat followed the legumes. Averaged over 3 experiments the yields of first crop wheat following pea or vetch silage crops were comparable with those after grain pea. Yields following clover forage conservation crops or green manures exceeded those after grain pea by at least 0.41 t/ha; average yield increase after clover green manure was 0.93 t/ha. In one experiment, yields of second crop wheat were greater, by up to 0.37 t/ha, after forage conservation or green manure legume 'breaks' than after grain legumes. In 2 experiments, second crop wheat yields were greater after a first crop of canola than a first crop of wheat. Compared with continuous wheat yield, aggregate mean wheat yield increases were 3.5–4 t/ha following grain legumes, pea, and vetch silage crops, but 5.3–6.3 t/ha following clover forage conservation and green manure crops. However, the relative effects of legume treatments on wheat yield were significantly seasonally dependent. Yield and grain protein variation in wheat after legumes was significantly correlated with variation in mineral N at wheat establishment. However, in one experiment, yield was correlated only with variation in mineral N below the 20-cm soil depth, whereas protein was correlated only with variation in mineral N above the 20 cm soil depth. Yield increases in first crop wheat did not occur at the expense of grain protein.

CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH GRAIN APHID [SITOBION AVENAE (F.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THE OAT-BIRDCHERRY APHID [RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WINTER CEREALS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Neil ◽  
S.O. Gaul ◽  
K.B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Aphid Control

AbstractSeasonal abundance of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was monitored in Nova Scotia winter wheat plots. Rhopalosiphum padi was the more common aphid species during "heading out." Winter wheat cultivars differed in their resistance to R. padi development; the highest reproductive rate was on ’Absolvent.’ The effect of chemicals used in intensive cereal management on R. padi and Coccinella septempunctata (L.) was assessed. Dimethoate and carbaryl caused similar high mortality to both insects, but pirimicarb was more toxic to the aphid than to its predator. Over a 2-year period, field plots that received regular pirimicarb treatments for selective aphid control early in the growing season showed a 9% increase in wheat yield, compared with the checks and plots that received carbaryl. Wheat yield increased 18% when pirimicarb was used later in the season; when applied in both periods, pirimicarb gave a total yield increase of nearly 30%. Late applications of carbaryl alone, or in combination with pirimicarb, increased yields by only 9% over the controls. Half of the yield increase (18% vs. 9%) with late season control by pirimicarb was lost with the addition of carbaryl, which minimized the C. septempunctata population for nonselective insect control. Rhopalosiphum padi numbers from June 20 to July 15 had the greatest impact on yield in these plots, and natural control agents including C. septempunctata accounted for a 9% increase in yield.

Interseeding berseem clover in winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-575
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
Preceding Winter

AbstractInterseeding annual clovers in cereal grains may help organic producers reduce use of tillage following cereal harvest. Using clovers that winterkill would minimize need for tillage in the spring also. The objective of this study was to evaluate seedling emergence and survival of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Berseem clover (hereafter, referred to as berseem) was planted 0, 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of winter wheat growth in the spring. Berseem density was highest when planted on April 12, 2 weeks after winter wheat broke dormancy. Establishment density was 40–80% less with the other planting dates. A dry interval during the 5 weeks preceding winter wheat harvest reduced seedling survival of berseem, killing more than 80% of seedlings. Winter wheat yield was reduced at the last planting date of berseem, which was attributed to mechanical injury to winter wheat by the drill when planting berseem. Berseem may not be viable for interseeding at this location or in drier regions. Clover species that are more drought tolerant will be needed.

The influence of rotation systems on long-term trends in wheat yield

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Elliott ◽  
R Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Yield Trends

The wheat yield trends of six rotation systems were examined over the 29-year period 1940-1968. The multiple regression model used incorporated variables to minimize the effect of climatic fluctuations and trends. All the rotation systems examined showed positive, almost linear, yield increases over the first 19 years (1940-1958). Over the final 10 years (1959-1968) those systems including a pasture phase continued to show a linear yield increase; other three-course systems (fallow, wheat, stubble crop) showed a less than linear yield increase; while the two-course system (fallow, wheat) showed a 22% yield decline. Possible factors influencing the yield trends are briefly discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document